Are Geopolymers BETTER than Portland Cement?

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Researchers around the world are trying to find an alternative to traditional cement and concrete that is less destructive to our planet. One very promising material is geopolymer cement. It completely replaces Portland cement with waste industrial products. It can also be much stronger and perform better than traditional concrete. In this video, we’re going to discover how geopolymers are made, how they are used, their advantages and disadvantages.
Link to my Patreon page: / belinda_carr
Chapters
0:00 Introduction
1:13 Invention of geopolymers
1:40 Waste materials
3:08 Chemical reaction
3:35 Geopolymer projects
4:35 Advantages
6:27 Sponsorship
7:11 Disadvantages
8:12Conclusion
Scientists use a variety of waste materials, industrial byproducts, and minimally processed natural materials instead of Portland Cement. These waste products are difficult to dispose of and they can affect the environment if left untreated. So, using them to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of concrete is an excellent idea. Let’s take a look at some of these waste or low energy materials.
- Fly ash or pulverized fuel ash or PFA which is a fine, powdery residue from coal burning power plants. It is mainly composed of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and calcium oxide.
- Metakaolin which is produced when china clay or kaolin is heated to 1500 degrees Fahrenheit or 800 degrees Celsius. It can be used to make tiles and traditional concrete.
- Ground granulated blast furnace slag or GGBS which is a by-product of the steel industry. It is high in calcium silicate hydrates CSH which improves the strength, durability and appearance of concrete.
- Palm oil fuel ash or POFA which is produced by burning palm oil shells and husks. It is a hazardous material that is usually sent to landfills, but it can be used to make cement.
Advantages
- Geopolymers are apparently stronger in tension and compression.
- They are resistant to various alkalis, salts, acids and corrosive substances. They also have a high sulfur resistance due to the lack of сalcium compounds in its structure.
- Geopolymers have excellent waterproof properties. Its pores are smaller than 50 nanometers so big molecules like water can’t enter in the geopolymer matrix
- It is also fire resistant. Unlike Portland cement, water in geopolymer concrete evaporates and does not explode the concrete from inside.
- Foamed geopolymer concrete can also have superior thermal insulation thanks to the trapped air inside the blocks.
- They can reduce the carbon footprint of concrete by up to 90%. For every 1 ton of Portland cement made, around 0.9 tons of CO2 is released. Conversely, for every 1 ton of geopolymer cement made, only 0.2 tons of CO2 is released.
- Geopolymers will help us stop mining and extracting raw materials from the earth because we can use waste and by-products of existing industries.
- It can speed up construction because it develops about 50% of its strength in the first 3 days.
Disadvantages
- There isn’t enough waste material to meet the demand for cement. The global consumption of cement is about 4 to 5 times the generation of industrial wastes like fly ash and slag.
- Another issue is the lack of standard and uniform waste materials. For example, fly ash will have a different alumina-silica ratio than slag, so their geopolymer cement mixes will perform differently.
- They are difficult to make because the geo-polymerization process is sensitive. Chemicals like sodium hydroxide are harmful to humans so the process requires special handling.
- And finally, the biggest drawback in my opinion is that they are up against powerful Portland cement manufacturers, some of whom have a monopoly in the concrete industry. They have control over code requirements and marketing which allows them to easily suppress competition.
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SOURCES:
• 7 questions à Joseph D...
www.youtube.com/watch?v=znQ bk_yBHre4
• Geopolymers: what are ...
• Brisbane West Wellcamp...
• EFC geopolymer pavemen...
• Video
• Video
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#3dprinting #3dconcrete #geopolymer #construction #architecture #automation #robotics

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7 июн 2024

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Комментарии : 715

@DoloresJNurss 2 года назад

It doesn't matter that there's not enough waste to replace all of the concrete use in the world. We just need to replace enough to make an environmental difference. If we use up all of the waste products available to make this stuff, we will not only drastically reduce concrete, we will have cleaned up all of those other messes! What's not to love?

@andreyates1620 2 года назад

Yes, I totally agree with you here.

@glennmitchell9107 2 года назад

It all depends on the cost of each alternative. Every decision is a trade-off.

@standingbear998 2 года назад

it won't make a difference. missleading

@michaspringphul 2 года назад

What is the benefit of using hazardous materials for building living compartments? I don`t get that. The same goes for these plastic tiles which are produced in India. They are horrible for the environment, animals and for humans. We already have big issues with microplastics in the air, water and soil. Using a mixed plastic (because the melt different kinds of plastics together) for walking or street plaster, makes it even worse. The abraision will pollute the envirnoment much more than just burning the plastic using filteration for energy production. I don`t get the ignorance on human pollution and why we always make things worse, when we try to fix things we produced in the first palce

@DoloresJNurss 2 года назад

@@michaspringphul The idea, I think, is to sequester the waste. It's there already, so better it be sealed into a form that it can't escape. As for plastic tiles, they probably should only be used for low-abrasion surfaces, not floors. I can think of many possibilities there. You have a valid point on how we always make things worse. I think it's because of the conquest mentality. We mess up by conquering something, and then we try to solve it by conquering the problem, and that makes still more problems. We have to learn how to think cooperatively, find a use for everything the way nature does, fit everything into its ideal place and not try to impose what works in one situation on some different situation (like using plastic tiles for flooring.) The waste isn't going to vanish--we have to figure out what to do with it.

@logandodson1484 2 года назад

Would you consider doing a video on cost/benefits of historical preservation versus tear-down/new building construction? At what point is a building too far gone, or it’s purpose too inefficient to preserve? What are other ways of preserving buildings while also accommodating contemporary community needs? I remember a sky scraper on Sansome Street in San Francisco that preserved pieces of the street-level facade, while replacing the entire original building with a new skyscraper. Love your videos!

@Redrally 2 года назад

That would be a great topic to talk about.

@DryBonz1 2 года назад

I would suspect that there are too many factors to come to a generalized conclusion comparing the two. How degraded is the plumbing system; how outdated is the electrical configuration; what type of foundation does the building have and what condition is that in; how efficient is the insulation of the building; is the building still structurally sound; what zoning regulations have changed since the building was first constructed; what is the intended use of a replacement building. The list goes on, and any one of those variables on its own could make or break a decision to retrofit vs rebuild.

@tZydeco 2 года назад

@@DryBonz1 - there are also differences in "feel". Somethings about an older structures with their old growth wood, lime plaster, milk paint and Tung oil as opposed to laminates, partical board, synthetic stone, polyurethane and latex paint.

@DavidMDensford Год назад

San Antonio tried to rebuild/replace 70 year-old dilapidated, crime-infested, low-rent neighborhoods. Police departments in nice neighborhoods fought the projects because they didn't want the displaced crime and drugs pushed into their areas.

@abelw.6225 2 года назад

Great presentation. I have worked on Fly ash based geopolymers and found interesting results. Every advantage you discussed is observed in the geopolymer. Now I am working on waste glass geopolymer, where we don't need Sodium silicate and also a low concentration of NaOH is required. Once standards and rules are established, I think geopolymers will be the future of building materials

@BelindaCarr 2 года назад

Fascinating! Do you share your results on YT or another platform?

@HopefullyUnoptimistic 2 года назад

I sense a collaboration/promotional opportunity. Perhaps it's worth asking your bosses about promoting their research through well informed creators?

@maslowpavlov 2 года назад

does super smooth texture of glass cause issues? Does glass need to be tumbled or blasted it be used in mixes?

@elzbietagarus7078 6 месяцев назад

can I ask for contact ?

@nesx3 2 года назад

There are almost no more available Fly ash or slag (GBFS) in the European market, as it is already in use in cement and concrete. In many ways we already have a semi-geopolymer concrete in the market. For instance, in the Norwegian market the standard cement has 20 % fly ash, and another has 70 % slag. Yes, Geopolymerconcrete will be more common, at least in some more specific applications, but it is still much more important to reduce environmental footprint from the ordinary portland cement production.

@notrickytoyota 2 года назад

Like bruh, în my area used to be a huge land fill of fly ash, not any more it îs all concrete and cinder Blocks now.

@man_at_the_end_of_time Год назад

Maybe ground up wind turbine vanes?

@gustavchambert7072 11 месяцев назад

Not to mention that all that fly-ash is a by-product of carbon-intensive and unsustainable processes in any case.

@mefobills279 5 месяцев назад

The fly ash isn't relevant. It is the polymer bond. Geopolymer is typically a OH hydroxide bond. Portland cement is a calcium bond. Two very different materials.

@kickinghorse2405 Месяц назад

There's an organization in Alaska experimenting with silt and mine tailings (instead of fly ash). Pretty cool 😎

@wrfarms9741 2 года назад

Interesting presenation Belinda! What is the cost of geopolymer concrete compared to conventional concrete?

@muhammadumer6141 2 года назад

Greatly explained :), And also the scanty supply of source materials for Geopolymer concrete synthesis you talked about is a major Impediment to its large scale applications... Thats exactly what we addressed in our research here at National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan, We replaced fly ash with newer source materials i.e. agricultural waste ashes (they are also rich in alumina and silica and thus conducive to Geopolymer synthesis) We found that strength remained intact for upto 15-20% replacement level

@BelindaCarr 2 года назад

Very cool! Thanks for sharing, Mohammad.

@ravenousvisages 2 года назад

Any thoughts on replacing steel rebar with lighter basalt rebar? With the reduction in weight, walls can be thinner, further reducing the amount of cement in a structure. Also, basalt would never rust.

@muhammadumer6141 Год назад

@@ravenousvisages sounds like a great idea

@maheendaud7615 Год назад

I am going to start my masters thesis on geopolymer concrete. If they have made this material and has also been applied in the world, what do we need to research about?

@muhammadumer6141 Год назад

@@maheendaud7615 well there's plenty of things yet to discover, like you can use some newer source materials instead of fly ash for example rock based geopolymers are very interesting Also you can explore synthesis of chemical activators from waste materials for example sodium silicate can be derived from biomass waste and used as an activator, So if you read the latest papers you will find the current research trends and a ressearch gap for your thesis as well

@tayzonday 2 года назад

Thanks for the heads-up! 🙏🏽 💪 Maybe Geopolymer cement can also make infrastructure (e.g. bridges and skate parks) more affordable.

@fillhixx 2 года назад

Strange that bridges and skate parks are your touch points….

@S1L3NTIGamer 2 года назад

I was not anticipating seeing one of the OG’s of Internet history on this niche of a video but I’m not against it.

@microcolonel 2 года назад

Probably not cheaper, unless energy is artificially expensive.

@Invasionisti 2 года назад

For bridges geopolymers are bad choice where ever winters are below freezing temperatures. The geopolymers I have tested at work do dot endure freeze cycles when there are any salt present.

@corail53 2 года назад

These are not good for infrastructure.

@davidmizak4642 2 года назад

You provide such great material to your viewers. I appreciate all the hard work you put into it. It's a truly wonderful channel!

@r0cketplumber 2 года назад

As someone who had permanent eye damage from sodium hydroxide burns, yeah, the liquid component of geopolymers is nasty stuff. That the activator is a corrosive liquid that requires separate packaging is a logistical hassle, too. Caveats aside it's a useful engineering material that can be applied in certain niches. As a spray-on foam fire barrier it's hard to beat, and combined with construction methods like monolithic domes and non-metallic tensile reinforcement like basalt rebar, can make long-life low maintenance structures. A monolithic-geopolymer-basalt dome could probably last longer than the Pantheon.

@thomasstebner7579 Год назад

Is there anybody building yet with thin skin eggshell spray applied multiple layer building technique?

@r0cketplumber Год назад

@@thomasstebner7579 Search terms like "monolithic dome", "basalt fiber", and "aircrete" will return a lot of interesting links.

@thomasstebner7579 Год назад

@michaelbishton9439 11 месяцев назад

I really appreciate your time and effort to objectively talk about the pros and cons of various building materials. Very informative. Thank you.

@nedisawegoyogya 2 года назад

Hi, geopolymer fan here. I would like to add that one of the most common raw material for geopolymer is ferro-kaolin (an aluminosilicate source). They could be used to make ferro-sialate geopolymer. They basically exist everywhere. It's not the aluminosilicate that is rare, but the alkali metal that is crucial for the chemical reaction. There's only so much salt in the world and producing sodium hydroxide in the scale required to make geopolymer as common as ordinary Portland cement is just too expensive. But researches have shown calcium in ggbs form can substitute some of the sodium/potassium in the reaction, and 1 atom of calcium can replace 2 of them. So it IS possible for geopolymer to replace Portland cement. And sodium hydroxide is rarely used directly on site if you are talking about commercial products. Any geopolymer mix designer that is aware of the danger of NaOH should have design safe and ready to use solution of sodium silicate or potassium silicate

@muhammadumer6141 Год назад

Great explanation Nedi, also laterites are a very good source for ferro sialate geopolymers

@slint1111 Год назад

Thank you so much for the expertly crafted content! You're brilliant at conveying complex topics and I appreciate above all your commitment to earth-conscious engineering.

@yesbrth Год назад

Exactly. Except the "carbon emissions" hoax that some billionaires sold as true to the general population (to collect carbon taxes).

@davepoidvin2364 2 года назад

I find the subjets and the manner in which you present them to be very interesting and pleasant to watch. All the best to you and thank you. Dave & The Girls

@BelindaCarr 2 года назад

Thanks a lot, Dave (& the girls)!

@sirukin7849 2 года назад

The long term durability of roman concrete apparently involves the use of volcanic ash which reacts with salt water creating a harder material. The fact that this sort of chemistry isn't used to reinforce the concrete that we use is kind of silly. Granted volcanic ash is hard to come by unless you're near a former volcano, the fact that simple and basic chemistry isn't used more often is interesting. Simply because we'll do stuff like taking steel rebar and dipping it in plastic in attempt to prevent galvanic corrosion, but ultimately end up exacerbating the issue even further by focusing all the corrosion in specific points.

@jimurrata6785 2 года назад

Epoxy rebar is a non starter. That stuff is dreadful by trapping moisture against the steel. Phosphate solutions are gaining a lot of traction for bridges and highways.

@Xingqiwu387 Месяц назад

Excellent presentation! I always learn so much from watching Belinda Carr's videos. I think the Canadian company Plaex is using this type of product in their composite block system.

@jordanwanberg753 Год назад

I work at a steel plant. The slag is heavy. So much so that we smoked a cement truck trying to use it to make some of this stuff. We had a hose spraying the radiator to try to keep it cool. Not an insurmountable problem just need more powerful better cooled equipment.

@jordanwanberg753 Год назад

Or you have to make and transport less of it at a time which means it is going to be more expensive. Unless people need specific properties they don't want to pay more.

@JohnSmith-kf1fc 2 года назад

I just saw you featured on Vox channel, so proud your channel now hits 200k subs! On your way to a million soon. Go strong girl!

@smansour01 2 года назад

Great feature as always Belinda... thanks for this!

@BelindaCarr 2 года назад

Thanks, Stephen!

@moolayilappan 5 месяцев назад

Hey Belinda, Your videos are really informative. Yes Geopolymers are really versatile material. I am an architect doing research in the subject. I've been to the Geopolymer Institute in France to attend GP camp in 2018 and had interacted with Prof. Daviodovits. The potential in India is immense as we still have coal power plants, but I think suitable thermally activated Aluminous and Silicious materials can be found anywhere in the world. Some of my friends who attended the camp in 2018 are experimenting with bottom ash of incerinators. Portland cement has been, over the centuries, standardized. GPC is still very new in that respect. But I am sure that standardization will happen. I recently came across a paper from Arizona University which explored the total replacement of virgin aggregates in GPC. The developments happening all over the world in this field is really exciting. I think you should do a video on other uses of GP like LTGS for making stabilized soil blocks and high strength ceramics using GP - both lesser explored possibilities, especially the ceramics.

@tenj00 2 года назад

You have an amazing channel! Keep up the good work! And yes the Pyramids are always interesting.

@ArcherCanobra 10 месяцев назад

Ive subscribed to your channel because of the fine amazing construction information that is provided. Thank you Belinda

@normanwilliams9333 2 года назад

Belinda, I truly enjoy and appreciate your videos. You have a very good grasp on the viability of different construction methods. Do you have any information on the availability of these products in the DFW Metro-plex? Thank you and keep up the good work.

@HostileRespite 2 года назад

I firmly believe it's not the materials, it's how we've chosen to use them and our lack of adaptability or willingness to change. Your videos are fascinating and I always learn something. Thank you. :)

@MikeA15206 10 месяцев назад

Your voice over work is EXCELLENT!

@JamesCusano 2 года назад

Definitely sounds like it would be best used in the applications it most excels in, to the extent that the relevant waste streams can support, rather than as a general purpose concrete. Perhaps some of the businesses already in the industries that manage those waste streams could be given tax incentives to make partnering with the businesses that utilize those byproducts more lucrative and cost effective than just letting it sit there. Sometimes it just takes a little grease to get the wheels spinning in a new industry, especially when it encroaches a bit on the territory of an old industry. Great topic, editing, and presentation - really like your shirt, too!

@cubbyv 2 года назад

Love what you Belinda. Don't stop. I only see quality on your channel.

@BelindaCarr 2 года назад

Thank you very much!

@somaswodi8273 Год назад

excellent presentation Belinda......very informative ...well done young lady!!! bravo!

@Wheeets 2 года назад

You're thumbnail intrigued me enough to not just scroll by. Then i realized it was you. Been loving the videos. Hello from Long Island NY 👋🏼

@BelindaCarr 2 года назад

Thank you! I considered make another silly thumbnail pointing to the geopolymer print, but decided against it. I really don't know what the magic formula for a thumbnail and title on YT is.

@robertfoster347 11 месяцев назад

I suspect a more significant barrier to replacing Portland cement than manufacturers is that architects and engineers want to work with proven materials.

@insight-of-touch1363 Год назад

There is no question that humanity will have to manage their resources better if we expect to remain on this planet. What a nice summary and introduction in the pros and cons of geopolymer's. Last year I discovered Polymeric paver sand and just loved what you can do with it. By framing my paver patter, adding colored stone, brushing the sand between the gaps, sweeping off the surface and adding water, can create some artistic designs, such as walkways, that are not only lovely to look at but are waterproof and will last for years. Thank you Ms. Carr for your presentation and insights in this emerging technology. Nice job!

@AnmAtAnm 2 года назад

When adding waste materials to concrete mix, is there any concern about volatile chemical off gassing that would endanger inhabitants? And how much of these specific waste materials do we actually produce in the associated industries? How much concrete could we make with our existing production, as compared to avail cement?

@brettelmerelmer3061 Год назад

With fly ash and slag, both are created at high enough temperatures that any volatile compounds that may have existed in the raw materials are completely burned off.

@russell7489 Год назад

Brilliant, thanks, I knew nothing about this and that's pretty rare when I've never heard of something

@robottrainer 2 года назад

really enjoy this educational video, this sounds like a no-brainer for a lot of different applications, if not all.

@spykerbotdotcom Год назад

Enjoyed your presentation, thank you very much.

@el4201 5 месяцев назад

Hey Belinda, I just stumbled across your channel and this is very informative. I would love a video on the egyptian geopolymer pyramids theory please :).

@zennihome6405 2 года назад

Really great video. Had never heard of geopolymer cement before. Sounds like a really enticing material.

@jamesthomas6931 Год назад

I would love to hear more about the geopolymer theory of pyramid production - it sounds really cool!

@eugenesaunders5487 Год назад

Thanks for the insight on this information

@Telugu_Life_Quote Год назад

simply great, thanks for this info 👍

@JeremyThomas_Environmentarian 2 года назад

Thanks Belinda. Another amazing video!

@camadams9149 2 года назад

Super cool! Thanks for the info

@PlanetFrosty Год назад

One of the interesting ideas Bucky Fuller came up with was prestressed concrete for highways. Bolted together on substrate. It provided better performance and easier repair/replacement. I’m wondering how geopolymers would work in this environment?

@bikesqump 2 года назад

Great video, very informative!

@edbouhl3100 2 года назад

Thank you for sparing us from the surprisingly complex chemical details and using a quick summary instead. I’m particularly interested in the fire resistance and insulating qualities of the air containing formulations. We really need non-flammable alternatives to traditional construction materials like wood and pvc lumber. Fire danger is increasing ever year and it’s become a surburban issue, not just a wildland-urban interface problem. Blowing embers can go anywhere.

@blackmamba3427 2 года назад

Awesome video and commentary 👌

@LawtonDigital 11 месяцев назад

You're a really good teacher, thanks!

@masseffect48 2 года назад

There might actually be cause for some concern with geopolymer cement, the long life span might mean the particulate formed from the natural erosion gpc might become a breathing hazard and impossible to clean up if adoption reach the level of Portland cemen. Just a conjecture on my end though

@eldergeektromeo9868 2 года назад

Thanks again, Belinda! ❤

@marcosvilardi2085 Год назад

Excellent quality content. Thanks!

@liboy9844 11 месяцев назад

Very useful content thanks.

@Mike-ym6rl Год назад

I've also thought about the blocks on the pyramids being poured-in-place as opposed to mined from a quarry. It makes sense, considering the weight of each block.

@oldguy1030 11 месяцев назад

There really are several big problems with the idea that the blocks were formed in place. 1. The quarries from which the stones came have been identified. In at least some cases there was writing documenting the pharaoh of the time. 2. There are Egyptian depictions of blocks being transported on sleds (with a man at the front pouring a liquid onto the sand). 3. Then there is the documentation from Merer. The oldest known papyrus (dating back to the time of Khufu) is a sort of diary/accounting for the activities of his crew and how they transported casing stones from a quarry to the area of the Great Pyramid. Interestingly, his notes were found far from where his casing stone activities occurred - it seems likely that he had transported his boat to a different location to support copper mining/processing. There area lots of things we don't really know about the pyramid construction (heck, there is a void in the Great Pyramid which we don't know how to access). But we do know that the stones were quarried. It is also quite clear that a good portion of the construction was not of precisely fitted stones - and there is (IMHO) good reason to believe that a whole lot of the more central volume of the Great Pyramid is debris from the quarrying. The idea of stones formed/poured in place is attractive but it is inconsistent with what has been learned over the years.

@ProblematicT9k 9 месяцев назад

⁠⁠⁠@@oldguy1030the great Pyramids are over 10 thousand years old ..the real people who built them where long dead before those depictions existed ..they discovered them not built them..to put it short there is no way those blocks can be pulled ..they where built on site

@5naxalotl 6 месяцев назад

@@ProblematicT9k pyramids are not 10000 years old. this is just a fantasy that you've seen on some clickbait documentary made for gullible people. oldguy1030 is citing actual science, which rejected the cast block hypothesis decades ago. you should learn how to cite real research yourself

@KartikeyG 2 года назад

Very nice video and analysis. Must focus topic for the future. Greetings, sustainable solutions engineer

@ArjitChauhan 2 года назад

Great video, All the doubts cleared also explained the advantages and disadvantages of geopolymer. Love from @India

@k4x4map46 2 года назад

Excellent summary. Was going toask what ACI would think of this development; would they be inclined to adopt these as standards even if supplemental

@S_A_F_A379 8 месяцев назад

Thank you very much for the video. Could you please share the link to the video that talks about how ancient Egyptians made the pyramids using geopolymers? I looked for it on your channel but couldn't find it.

@BOBLAF88 Год назад

Great presentation,I would like to hear about Quantum Mechanics next 😊

@tracejohnson6273 2 года назад

I’m curious if cementitious “green” wall systems like SIREWALL or other products with carbon mitigation/offset targets will pivot to using geopolymers vs Portland for their binders. Cement seems to be the big BUT when looking at the sustainability of these solutions. Plus, their goals and scale may position them in the ideal market for geopolymer cement as opposed to more commercial manufacturers focused on consistency, availability, and bottom line.

@marchagen6279 11 месяцев назад

Verry good information. thanks

@raspberryjellydoughnut5727 Год назад

Recently there is also Ferrock a mix of Steel Slag & Crushed Glass powder what I like about ferrock is it doesn't look like gray concrete it comes out many shades of iron reds and also sometimes layers turn out to be black

@ananananabop 2 года назад

This is so cool! Thanks for explaining things in a way that a layman like me can understand

@BelindaCarr 2 года назад

Thanks for watching!

@pcatful 2 года назад

What a great job on this presentation!

@BelindaCarr 2 года назад

Thanks, Peter!

@yasushiohki3091 2 года назад

Excellent video. Up here in Canada, our team is working on developing a locally sourced geopolymer cement formula for use in 3D printed concrete houses!

@corail53 2 года назад

How do you guys ensure that proper adhesion happens on stacked layers especially with no rebar. No offense as I don't know your company, but a lot of companies in the game seem like their teams have 0 experience in the construction world and are trying to solve problems that don't exist.

@donaldhollingsworth3875 2 года назад

Fly Ash is usually used in northern climates instead of salt during the winter. Fly Ash was used in IL. in the 1970' & 1980's. Using Portland cement & aggregate ( sand & rock) can be poured in all the types of weather. I have poured concrete in the middle of winter in northern IL with no adverse effects. Concrete is a better way to pour highways, bridges, & over passes than asphalt.

@drpk6514 Год назад

A very good video. They definitely could have their own use, particularly after the greenhouse gas reduction targets.

@goddom 2 года назад

Thanks, I enjoyed the video.

@j.szelecz2530 Год назад

YES ! Egypt pyramids for sure , a worthy subject and an interesting one too ! ---- a big THANK YOU for all your quality work , KEEP SHINING , KEEP SMILING & KEEP SHARING THE KNOWLEDGE --- from Canada J.

@mikeloglio7550 2 года назад

Great Post !

@authorauthority7193 Год назад

Which particular mix did you use for this video? Of what ive looked at so far the permeability has been equivalemt to concrete

@ymi_yugy3133 2 года назад

Looks like these waste products come from processes which also need to be heavily reduced or eliminated. 1. Burning coal is maniacally bad. 2. The process to get metakaolin are very energy intensive itself. 3. Slag has the same problem, though steel production seems unavoidable. One barrier is that it has many other useful applications. 4. The environmental problems of palm oil production are well documented. I also hope that we learned from biofuels that competing with food is not such a great idea.

@cookieDaXapper 11 месяцев назад

Absolutely fascinating, truly the future of construction. Thank you for sharing and all of your hard work. PEACE and God bless.

@not.likely 10 месяцев назад

Very awesome video. More on geopolymer concrete please

@michaelhinton8608 2 года назад

Could this be sprayed like gunite or other spray type concretes for monolithic domes?

@CKPill 2 года назад

Thank you for vid, i used to follow Davidikus always wondered how the limestone blocks they made a few years ago in paris are doing. Could be another part of your Egyptian themed video. Take care

@AndrewGilpatric662 2 года назад

Thank you for showing the negatives along with the positives excellent video I appreciate the hard work very educational

@BelindaCarr 2 года назад

Thank you, Andrew!

@BenMitro 2 года назад

I'd like to know how to make and use geopolymer cement at home!

@justinw1765 3 месяца назад

Robert Murray Smith does a couple videos on this--basically you mix clay, magnesium oxide, and sodium silicate in a certain ratio, then heat/dry it in a kitchen oven at 400* F for about an hour. Doesn't crack easily like pure clay tends to. Gets rock hard at just the 400* F.

@BenMitro 3 месяца назад

@@justinw1765 Thanks Justin. I will chase up Robert's video(s) on this.

@joebob1994 2 года назад

Great video!! so much to think about... id love a video on your thoughts on the pyramids

@BelindaCarr 2 года назад

Thanks! I'll put that video on my list.

@dansonthetube 2 года назад

Facinating Belinda! GP concrete seems a no brainer and you should continue to probe this subject 👍 xo 🥳

@nanettesage1112 11 месяцев назад

How well do you think it would do for Personal Habitat environments like homes? From what I have been reading, Concrete homes are showing to be much better than wood ones that are traditionally built in the US. Additionally, I have been researching the construction UnderEarth homes and have been trying to determine the best way to construct one. Is this a good option for something like an UnderEarth home?

@robertoaguiar6230 2 года назад

This video really cemented the point

@BelindaCarr 2 года назад

Lol!

@jimurrata6785 2 года назад

I wouldn't worry much about sodium hydroxide. Portland cement is plenty caustic as it is. While using SH to dissolve silica into sodium silicate happens at very high pH, the product is not. I definitely understand that as we (hopefully) move away from coal/palm oil and toward more sustainable renewables the raw materials for geopolymer will also decline. I'm not an engineer, so I never factor concrete for tensile strength. I'd be interested to know just how different geopolymer is in this regard. Fly ash is nasty stuff, but I can see it being used for applications you mentioned like sea walls and road beds. Thanks for bringing up the topic. 🙂

@nedisawegoyogya 2 года назад

Any geopolymer seller would most likely already mix the SH with silica to the Best ratio that is not caustic. SiO2:Na2O ratio above 1.5 should not be caustic, from Wikipedia.

@joeblundell299 2 года назад

The biggest drawback is that fly ash is radioactive, you would be building structures that produced massive amounts of radon gas. My company looked at using fly ash back in 2007, we went with other geopolymer mixtures, steer clear of fly ash.

@WavegirlThinks 2 года назад

Would that still be an issue for structures like motorways or airport runways? Places that are well ventilated and where few people are walking around on them? Just trying to think of best-use scenarios. The more we can turn waste into useful products, the better.

@joeblundell299 2 года назад

@@WavegirlThinks I think if you do structures on that scale with a product like fly ash you have to control leaching into the ground water, air quality. I’m guessing heating it would cause it to off gas even more, places downwind of airports would have noticeably higher radon levels I’d wager, “might be EPA safe levels, I always question if their levels are applicable to newborns.” Some things really just need to be contained and not put back into the stream of use, I believe fly ash is one of those. Joseph Davidovits has many geopolymer recipes, My company’s been working with recipes based on his research for almost two decades, we incorporate aeration methods and more modern additives like silicon carbide whiskers. Geopolymers are the future, but we always have to look at everything we’re putting in.

@nedisawegoyogya 2 года назад

But kaolin is not tho

@WavegirlThinks 2 года назад

@@nedisawegoyogya yeah, he was saying how he uses other biopolymers but not those that use fly ash.

@joeblundell299 2 года назад

@@nedisawegoyogya There are dozens of geopolymer recipes in Davidovits book, and many old Roman concrete recipes that do the job. I just wanted to warn folks about fly ash products, there have been companies slinging that toxic trash at people for decades now, it’s a crime that our children will pay for, radiological decay rates shouldn’t be a factor in your homes construction.

@22trident45 2 года назад

Definitely would like to have a better understanding of costs (knowing that economies of scale would control or reduce cost eventually). Seems like there are enough current applications where it could continue to prove itself as a great way to use waste materials. Thanks.

@sajbuckby 2 года назад

Wagner's - developers of Wellcamp - have been in polymer cement for years. They also manufacture fibre reinforced plastic cross arms for power networks.

@jamesmchugo9422 Год назад

Good information. Never heard of this material before now, sounds promising. But one thing you didn’t touch on, if you did I missed it, is the bottom line. What is the cost? I’m thinking about things like spray foam insulation. It’s super to almost all other insulations, except it’s cost prohibitive in most cases, so it’s not widely used. This material, how much does it cost per yard? How does it compare to regular concrete?

@prosperusall 2 года назад

Production of the waste materials currently used for making Geopolymer cement is in rapid decline for good reasons. Has any work been done on finding an alternative primary source of silicates and a process that is scalable and environmentally sound?

@jimurrata6785 2 года назад

Rice husks are high in silica. I can also see bagasse supplementing the rather more onerous palm shells for some of that high carbon ash Belinda mentioned.

@shannonnunn 11 месяцев назад

Awesome work

@jerryjack6976 2 года назад

great video ! plz do the pyramid one 🙏 sounds extremely interesting ! 😀

@andrenogueira673 2 года назад

Great work!

@jaybakshodeh118 Год назад

Great job explaining

@stefansedman5179 Год назад

A brilliant use of a waste product/s, that said we should be looking at the cause, the originators of the waste and finding alternatives that don’t produce the harmful waste products.

@rockymiller7008 Год назад

Great info,

@TheDigitalslayer Год назад

I like the idea of light-weight concrete for a residential roofing alternative rather than asphalt/petroleum, as asphalt roofing has a limited 15-25 year life-span before it needs replacement. I know there is metal and ceramic roofing but I like to know we have other options.

@ecomarinebd 10 месяцев назад

Can bottom ash from MSWFA be used to make cellular lightweight concrete please?

@Moist_yet_Crispy Год назад

Awesome Video!

@collin4555 2 года назад

It is an intriguing concept, and does seem like an opportunity to mitigate the environmental impact of concrete somewhat, but the availability problem definitely limits how much we could invest in it as the future of concrete, particularly since one of the sources of waste material are coal power plants, which are just another environmental issue that we want to scale down rather than up.

@muhammadumer6141 2 года назад

You are absolutely right collin, the scanty amounts of source materials is a major issue, and recent trends of shutting down coal power plant has further exacerbated the issue... We at National University of Sciences Technology Pakistan conducted a research on newer source matrials of late, And found that agricultural waste ashes are conducive to Geopolymer concrete synthesis as well, principally due to high amount of amorphous alumina and silica

@mjjackal Год назад

Belinda should do one on hemp crete. Very sustainable and can reduce not only water consumption but has a net zero carbon emissions. I would love to here your pros and cons on the matter.

@Build-Consultant 11 месяцев назад

Thank you Mam🎉 learnt something new

@21leowheeler Год назад

Does anyone have the expansion test numbers on this type of new cement? i did some research trying to replace fines with bottom ash, the moment the replacement exceeded 20% it started failing expansion tests significantly harder.

@dulcemariaaraujomelo9134 Месяц назад

Great presentation. I have worked with Geopolymers and I know that material have many advantage versus Portland Cement, I think geopolymers will be the future of building materials

@sadullah8477 Месяц назад

I have done my research in MUET, Jamshoro Pakistan on geopolymer concrete by using local NaOH as alkali activator instead of using laboratory grade NaOH since it is very costly and less market supply as you discussed in this video. The results i got from this research were seem very good as compared to conventional concrete.