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I felt this was a rare miss from Linus. He was explaining ARM from a very x86 centric viewpoint. For example saying that ARM doesn't have a license to use the x86 instruction set is true, but gives the impression that they wanted it and have had to cobble together a second best in its place. Similarly he suggests that because ARM uses a simple instruction set, it can only do simple work. This isn't true at all. ARM can do anything x86 can do. Generally performance might be a bit slower, but power consumption is much lower. Desktop computers can certainly run off ARM and have done in the past.
Forgot to mention ARM is a pretty old architecture, used in a consumer device first in 1987 on the Acorn Archimedes Computer. It's only 10 years newer than x86, but older than the PPC standard Apple held onto for a good many years before going x86 themselves.
***** Not really, as ARM keeps rolling out new architectures (armv5, armv6, armv7, armv8-A and so on) pretty often while x86 has only seen extensions like SSE and the 64-bit support by AMD. Both (series of) architectures keep pushing out new microarchitectures, though.
By the way, ARM family was used as desktop processor units. Because ARM Holdings was once Acorn Computers, the coolest company ever, which developed BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes and licenced ARM architecture to my beloved DEC and not so beloved, Intel. So Apple, what were you doing in that time? Selling ten Macintoshes for year to schools and hardcore fans? Acorn was on top of the world, man.
Yeah, but they fucked up catastrophically. Apple may have went downhill for a while after they sacked Steve Jobs but Chris Curry completely flushed his company down the shitter! "We chose the name Acorn so we would show up before Apple in business directories!" Really, Chris? I can't find Acorn anywhere :D Chris did create my beloved ZX Spectrum though while he worked at Sinclair Research so I still love him even if he did throw away the chance of rivaling the American greats. Chris made Acorn bankrupt by accidentally ordering his factories to build the wrong thing, Clive Sinclair thought computers would be a fad and stopped his company making any more of them so he could concentrate on his failed electric car/bike and Alan Sugar wanted Amstrad/ABM to rival IBM when he should have been concentrating on smaller competition and couldn't get his foot in the door. Three British companies that dominated the home computer market outside of North America and all of their owners were fucking teapots with the business sense of three dead fish! Commodore was the only American company that managed to get a foothold in Europe before all of our companies committed suicide..
TehOnlyShoe Angela Merkel is a German politician. though ***** , Jess meant Nick van Berkel. (van Berkel by the way is a Dutch name and they all pronounce it wrong)
***** The fella deleted his messages so you might not know what he typed(and it's been a while so neither do I) What I do remember is he kept spewing false information(I think it was grammar related, not sure) I just call people out when they spew false information, people will get the wrong idea. I don't see where I acted like an SJW.
It's a mobile processor for a laptop. Don't expect sUcH aMaZiNg pErfOrmAnCe because it's from o'mighty overappreciated apple. It's not insane. It's amd right now that is conquering
@@CTMKD lol the A14 chip on the iphone 12 has better performance than an i9 chip. The M1 is even faster than that, while consuming much much less power and no fans needed. Hell, the iPhone 12 can render 4K 10-bit video much faster than a decked out iMac Pro with a dedicated CPU and graphics card. So sorry, but you are factually wrong
@@CTMKD I'm not an apple person. I currently use an android device and don't use any apple products. It's clear you just want to hate apple for no reason
+Dan Harris You could say it is specialised in being unspecialised. ARM is not fundamentally more/less efficient than x86 because of this. They are just different instruction sets. ARM based designs seem to be gaining a lot of efficiencies since the smartphone revolution but this is just through implementing the same strategies that Intel has for years. Soon physics will catch up with them too and there will be nowhere to go.
+Dan Harris I am pretty sure at the heart of modern x86, there is a RISC design. x86 CISC instructions are translated (or something like that) to something the RISC core can use.
He did talk about the reduced instruction set and related differences. Just saying it has RISC says little. There's a difference between knowing the name of something, and knowing something.
What are you talking about? ia64 is a real thing! Apologize to Itanium. Apologize! Yeah, Intel's ambitions for 64-bit fell through, then AMD released a 64-bit CPU based off of the old ia32 architecture. With their tail between their legs, they licensed AMD64 and branded it EM64T (which I have heard means Embarrassing Move in 64-bit Technology).
It is interesting to watch this video after 8 years and realize how much things have changed in the use of the ARM cpu architecture. When Apple company switched to their own Apple Silicon M series of processors based on the ARM architecture we now have computers that very powerful in the computational area and at the same time considerably lower in electricity consumption to run them.
***** The PS4s CPU is the same as in the XB1 (Custom AMD 8-Core APU), so technically it has backwards compatibility, its just that Sony chooses not to integrate it... but you do have a valid point...
James Wallace Sony chose not to integrate it so they can force you to re-purchase the games that get ported over to the PS4. Or, you can purchase a PS Now subscription for only $20 Per Month..
James Campbell Not true. The PS4 is theoretically BC compatible with other x86 software (eg PC software). The PS3 isn't x86 so would require emulation. And emulating the Cell Processor would be incredibly difficult and expensive if not impossible.
You totaly confused the advantages of x86 and ARM :S... firstly ARM is the manufacture. Its really the x86+, that contain x86, ,i386 (32 bit instructions), x87 (flotingpoint), MMX (FFT instructions), SIMD 1,2,3,4.... (multiple input instructions), 3D now (transform instructions) and x64 (the 64 bit instruction set). For are its a similar situation with the cortex instruction set. Its really just the core instruction (that is basically the x86 and the i386) that is run inside inner core of the CPU. The other instructions is called from a other part of the core. With processors like piledriver, this part is shared with two inner cores. The thing is that x86 inner core is CISC so it can run all instructions inline regardless of length. So they can call the x87 part to do basically inline instructions. For Cortex based CPU the inner cor is RISC but the other external instructions may not be. So the inner core have to package the instructions, send them away, wait for a answer and keep processing. This lockes up the processor while other instructions is made. The 8 cores or so can still work independent of each other, but they can´t work independent of there FPU:s. This is one of the reasons why x86 processors is faster. The other is that it have a higher instruction per clock cycle, and this basically is a increased flexibility of the x86 core. Its true in principle that a RISC core consumes less power per instruction than a CISC core, but that its really just true for inner core instructions. On modern CPU there is so much ad on so it don´t really matter any more. You can run x86 just fine on a smart phone. But its basically the same problem as ruining a ARM on a desktop. Most programs is not made for it. When ARM first entered the smart phone market there was a diverse flurry of processors, they beat out all of the strange once, so now they are basically the only one. The program converged at the cortex instructions so now its quite hard for any other instructions to enter the market. Its still a lot easier than in the desktop market, but still quite hard. Today in high performance operation a x86 is still more power efficient than then a cortex CPU on high work loads. This was not always true, and its mostly the case from intel i series processor.
Yea... but only the modern once. I don´t know the level of compability, but older ARM processors use a other instruction set, While similar, not identical.
When creating XAML animations on Windows 8.1 NT It forced me to cache EVERYTHING in order for it to work. In other words, ARM CPUs are much more limited when it comes to these sort of things.
Please don't confuse microprocessors and CPUs. Microprocessors have built-in ROM, RAM and CPU. I also didn't really like your analogy about the instruction set because its pretty much backwards, ARM CPUs have more registers so can theoretically multitask better which also explains the better power consumption, and saying one is more 'closer to the metal' is just weird, they're both the lowest level code physically possible. I do understand how this was probably a difficult to topic to explain simply :/
Lee Fogg well in a way arm cpus can work "closer to the metal". even in x86 assembly, there is more abstraction in the x86 assembly language. they are both physically as low as possible on their own designs but comparatively they one is lower.
Lee Fogg Thank you, I was looking for this (so I don't have to write it myself). I'll add that ARM (being based on RISC architecture) has a reduced instruction set compared to Intel's x86 and thus doesn't have "to handle as much stuff".
The comparison was somewhat lacking. x86 is a niche product nowadays - x64 all the way. And while ARM is more power efficient, it can never come even close to the performance of x64 due to the nature of its design. Want to multiply two matrices, add another matrice to that, and then store that in memory? Well - with the extensions present in x64 you can do a 4x4 matrix multiplication in a few clock cycles while the ARM would be 4x slower at least. So depending on the work, an ARM and an x64 CPU both clocked the same, the x64 could be anywhere from just as fast to orders of magnitude faster.
the ARM chips where designed in the United Kingdom which was part of ACORN computers which was spun off to make ARM chips, The inventor of the ARM PROCESSOR is Sophie Wilson.
ARM was in PCs such as the BBC Micro and Acorn Archimedes Series. They run on RISC. The ARM company is based in Cambridge, UK and license the architecture out. It was spun out acorn computers when it liquidated in the mid 90s.
Intel only lets AMD have the X86 because more competition is bad for business,but that means less competitive processors. Intel has the closest thing to a monopoly legally possible! Another flaw in free market economies.
But the technology has been advancing, so it's a much better example of a near-monopoly duopoly where innovation still occurs compared to something like the graphing calculator market, where testing boards basically only allow TI giving them a monopoly despite the existence of competition.
Raspberry Pi is good in many ways. Being a competitor to desktops and laptops is questionable. A chromebook costs about the same as a pi plus an SD card, a case, a network card (for older pi that don't come with it), either a larger SD card or a USB storage device, a keyboard, a mouse, and a monitor, plus separate shipping on each item potentially, and is a lot more powerful in terms of CPU and memory.
Yes ARM is just a toy with lower power consumption! If they would like to buff up the performance,then the power advantage is GONE.And the Raspy is a bad example with the shared USB, ethernet bus. I've a Raspi 3 and the performance suck when is about networking.
You may actually have an ARM processor even in your PC. It just don't run the main OS you are interfacing with, although you more likely than not interact with them in some way. MacBooks have STMicroelectronics STM32F103TBU6 sitting between the touchpad and the PCH. Surface Pro 4 have NXP MKL17Z256VFM4. Those are all microcontrollers based on an ARM Cortex-M processor.
ARM for laptops and desktops are here. Although wasn't first they are the most significant player. Others are watching closely and will be imitating them.
arm has some nice things like the NEON instruction set which is a SIMD(Single Instruction Multiple-Data) extension for arm, and that really speeds up cpu intense calculations like video and audio processing by vectorizing it. And 64-bit arm cpus are on the way, so they are not too far behind.
This isn't even close to right.... "The term "CPU" no longer just covers multi-core, PC processors..." The "CPUs" in all sorts of devices you're talking about are called microcontrollers. They literally predate the PC so I am not sure why you're talking about redefining "CPU." As a quick comparison; ARM is faster, X86 uses less RAM, X86 has years of backwards compatibility(the reason nobody's in a hurry to switch PCs). The technical side of it is much more complicated. X86 is a CISC cpu which means that it does more than one task in a single command; this means that programs are a lot smaller(once upon a time, program commands actually used measurable amount of RAM), however the achilles heel of CISC is that not even command takes the same amount of time. This might not sound like much of a problem, but frequency is a very important factor in circuit design and CISC can vary by 4 or 5 times. Because of this, RISC, which use to be the inferior design, became the standard. ARM on the other hand(pun not intended), was designed from the ground up around RISC. While X86 is a CISC design, almost all X86 computers are actually RISC; the reason X86 gets so hot is because it has added circuits to convert X86 code into useable RISC code. So the short of it is, X86 is a ghost of the past that people can't get rid of because of backwards compatibility.
Amir Abudubai x86 isn't actually cisc anymore. It is risc with a cisc wrapper, because its actually faster to emulate cisc on a risc processor rather than run it natively. The DEC alpha showed this. Ibm's power architecture is pure cisc however.
A microcontroller has the processor, chipset, and memory built into it, a microprocessor is a only a CPU. The CPU/MPU contains no peripherals while a MCU is literally an entire computer on a single die. ARM comes in both MCU and MPU variants.
I do have ARM processor in my PC, 3 core ARM as a controller in my HDD. This video could be better. Many parts for x86 PC has MIPS or ARM processor as a controller.
jowarnis x86 is still the core ISA. -64 is just an extension to the ISA that implements x86 on for 64 bit processing. you are still using x86. the same can be said from "ARM". cpus don't adopt arm as a whole, we adopt implementations of arm such as aarch64 and aarch32. but despite the extension its still arm.
Idunnohuur x64 was created because x86 has a limitation in the dates it can handle. I think the limit was 2034, then x86 cannot go further, correct me if I'm wrong with the date.
My server uses armhf. It can do anything an x86 server can do, but it can be annoying to build certain apps from source because not everything is fully up to date or even built for armhf.
0:33 Actually, you probably do have one (or possibly several) ARM CPUs in your PC. Think of the controllers for the hard drive, network interface and probably other things as well -- these could very well have ARM chips at their heart.
Linus, You guys rock, These little vids in the past...day? Have taught me more about computer things than 2 years of college level class's...thank you for not charging tuition.
Future US Marine haven't even looked at what it looks like and what it has. :D I'm comparing an ARM processor to an i7 desktop processor. In this video, Linus said the heat output of ARM processor is times lower than the one of a desktop CPU. Not in my case. And this chip is on my LG G4. I think I'm going to ask for a replacement
Well, for me Alienware PCs have always been a bit overrated. I like building my systems and I'm quite happy. You can ask on the LinusTechTips forums for help if you want, they're a great community :) I bet you can get something a bit better for maybe the same price or less, depending on where you're located ^^ And I'd like to welcome you to the PC Master Race army ^^
Peshyy The difference between your 808 and i7: One is passively cooled, one is actively cooled. Your i7 kicks out WAY more heat than your 808, but the i7's heat is dissipated by your cooler. If they put an i7 in your phone, it would melt, if it had enough power to run it for more than 5 seconds.