Watching in 2024 in my second year medical school and am really surprised after getting used to him in Physiology, biochemistry and anatomy am like, what doesn't this guy know 😂 thanks alot Ninja nerd, u save our CGPAs😊
Zach, I passed my PANCE. Thank you very very much for all the help you and your team has provided. It is not easy for a 45 year old who was a homemaker for 20 years to get back into learning. But Thanks to you I did it.. Thanks a lot.
Wait, did I actually started to like microbiology... No way... That was the best microbiology video I have seen on youtube. I didn't know this channel before... I am definitely subscribing now. Thank you a lot!!!
If every professor would be like You and explains like You do, I would not need to ever open a book. Because everything that you talk about in this video is cristal clear to me now, this is the thing I need. You give me big motivation now. Thank You very much
Man actually you are the best. This is the 3rd year of following your lectures and you still amazes us in the level of explaining and illustrating the hard topics into pieces of cake, thanks our legend.
You made this topic more interesting. I was so frustrated sitting in my Clinical Bacteriology class for 3 hours lecture because I can't understand a thing. Also, I had high result in my Biochemistry exam because of your videos. You're an angel!
I can sit through multiple lectures, read the textbook AND watch all the recommended videos and answer all the recommended review questions and barely learn SH*T. but for some reason I watch one ninja nerd video and I soak up info like a sponge. You have a true gift for teaching and explaining. Thank you for putting this out there for everyone just trying to get thru Micro.
🎯 Key Takeaways for quick navigation: 00:20 🧬 *Introduction to Bacterial Structure* - Basic overview of bacterial structure. 04:57 🏗️ *Appendages: Flagella* - Flagella's primary function is motility. - Structure: Basal body, hook, filament. - Configurations: Monotrichus, Lophotricus, Amphitrichus, Peritricus. 08:59 🩸 *Appendages: Fimbriae vs. Pili* - Fimbriae are shorter, thinner; Pili are longer, thicker. - Fimbriae formed from bacterial chromosome; Pili from plasmid. - Functions: Fimbriae for attachment, Pili for bacterial conjugation. 18:03 🔬 *Specialized Structures: Endospores* - Endospores in Clostridium and Bacillus species. - Purpose: Resistance to harsh environments (heat, UV, chemicals). - Process: Replication, segregation, formation of spore. 21:52 🧬 *Bacterial Endospore Formation* - Bacterial endospore formation involves several steps: *- The mother DNA membrane surrounds the daughter DNA within the forespore.* *- A double-layered membrane forms around the engulfed daughter DNA.* *- Mother DNA degrades by specific enzymes.* *- A peptidoglycan layer is added between the double-layered membrane.* *- Calcium rushes in, creating a drier environment in the endospore.* *- A keratin coating is added for resistance to harsh environments.* 25:21 🧪 *Cell Envelope: Capsule and Slime Layer* - The cell envelope consists of layers, with the outermost being the capsule or slime layer. *- Capsule: Organized polysaccharide coating, acts as a virulence factor, promoting infection.* *- Slime Layer: Looser polysaccharide network, allows adherence to surfaces.* - Significance in clinical medicine: Capsules make bacteria more resistant; vaccines target encapsulated bacteria. 31:41 🚧 *Outer Membrane in Gram-Negative Bacteria* - The outer membrane is exclusive to gram-negative bacteria. *- Phospholipid bilayer with porins and lipopolysaccharides (LPS).* *- LPS structure: Lipid A (endotoxin), Core polysaccharide, O antigen.* *- Lipid A can stimulate a severe immune response.* - Gram-negative bacteria examples: Pseudomonas, E. coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella. 36:23 🧱 *Cell Wall Structure and Function* - The cell wall provides structural integrity and determines bacterial shape. *- Peptidoglycan layer composed of NAM and NAG sugar molecules.* *- Transpeptidase enzyme links glycan backbones, forming peptide chains.* *- Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer than gram-negative bacteria.* - Cell wall components include lipoteichoic acid (stimulates immune response) and teichoic acid. 42:57 🧬 *Components of Gram-Positive Bacteria Cell Envelope* - Overview of the components of the Gram-positive bacteria cell envelope. - Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer compared to Gram-negative bacteria. - Significance of lipoteichoic acid, a unique feature in Gram-positive bacteria. 43:52 🏛️ *Periplasm: Space Between Outer and Inner Membrane* - Definition of the periplasm, the space between the outer and inner membrane. - Presence of periplasm only in Gram-negative bacteria. - Introduction of beta-lactamase in the periplasmic space, leading to antibiotic resistance. 46:02 🧪 *Inner Membrane and Penicillin Binding Protein* - Description of the inner membrane in bacteria. - Composition of the inner membrane as a phospholipid bilayer. - Introduction to the penicillin-binding protein and its role in cell wall stability. 51:32 🖌️ *Gram-Staining Procedure Overview* - Introduction to the gram-staining procedure. - Step-by-step explanation, including fixing bacteria to a slide, applying crystal violet stain, and adding iodine as a mordant. - Insight into the purpose of the ethanol wash and the role of safranin as a counter stain. 59:16 🌈 *Gram-Staining Results and Atypical Bacteria* - Understanding the outcomes of the gram-staining procedure. - Differentiation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria based on staining results. - Brief overview of atypical bacteria that do not conform to typical staining patterns. Made with HARPA AI
First time running into your content, conclusion: your enthusiasm is so freaking adorable. Love seeing people passionately sharing their knowledge. You're amazing ❤️
Hi Zack, Im From Ghana. Your videos on physiology and biochemistry helped me through first and second years of medical school. The third year which will start in January will be microbiology, pathology and pharmacology. i really wish u will continue with the microbiology series
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR UPLOADING YOUR FIRST MICROBIOLOGY VID!!! We're waiting for other microbiology videos to be uploaded!! I can't express my appreciation
Professor Zach please can you explain and make more videos about these subjects because I’m struggling:- 1-microbiology 2-Pharmacology [like the basics of pharmacology example the ANS relation with drug ] 3-General surgery 4-pathology 5-general medicine
Honestly one of the best explanation in layman terms.. I am having my sister Staphycocculus aureus bacteria developed the resistance and your videos was really helpful in order to understand the complexity. Thanks alot..
bunch of thanks for this more clearer and detailed lecture about bacteria .. you just took more than 1hr of lecture which i partially learned for 5 mos in college and got nothing
We need a video about virology and the multiplication cycles of viruses pleaasseee bec of u I passed last year’s physiology and I came back for microbiology Your videos are not just helpful, they’re so interesting to watch
You are an amazing teacher ! Thank you so much for making this make sense. Finally Im able to understand what I've been reading for weeks!!! You are a Blessing !!
Your lectures are so entertaining and informative. I appreciate your passion; it's absolutely infectious. Never stop teaching, sir. *On a side note, your sleeve is fricking sick dude.
I have a test in 1.5 hours and this was a marvelous review! Thank you for the little pauses you give after asking a question, this did more for my studying than hours of reading.
Thank you for such an amazing video. Absolutely helpful and well taught. I'll be watching more of your videos (particularly in this playlist) and have subscribed. The way you have descriptively explained the core principals here is incredible. Thanks again - from UK
Sir I really loved the video. Thank you so much for making this topic so easy to understand. It's a request, please upload videos on other chapters of microbiology.
Damn. You are amazing! You can teach anything, from biochemistry to medicine to microbiology. You are really amazing. Love you. And thank you so much for this beautiful video. 🇳🇬
it helps me to understand the material very well. Thank you so much Please could you make video for the the positive sense and the negative sense mRNA and the 7 types of viruses
its so cool you're doing microbiology videos now, when you're gonna talk about streptococcus and the different type of infections ? I absolutely love your videos
