Battle of Panipat 1761 - Durrani-Maratha War DOCUMENTARY 

1. Indian history is difficult to talk about, especially in this period - it is basically a continent of its own, things are happening all over the place and not everything can be covered in one video. In this one, we largely ignored European colonialism, local cultural and social upheaval, and much more. The good thing is, we are here to stay and will cover more topics pertaining to the history of India and neighboring countries. A few videos on the history of India are in the description, check them out. 2. There will be a mini-series covering the campaigns of Nader shah, it is currently being researched. 3. The next few months we will focus on finishing the series that we started in order to have a clean(er) slate in 2021. 4. If our work is important to you and we feature in your weekly entertainment, consider tossing us a dollar, every bit helps: www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals

Indians and Afghans: *Fighting each other* British: *Rub hands and have a sip of tea*

I lived in Panipat for 2 years... It's all chill now.

Although, I am Egyptian, I find Afghan and Indian history and battles to be very interesting, thank you for this Informative video :)

Damn, we are watching this for absolutely free on RU-vid, what a time to be alive.

This episode is more entertaining than entire panipat movie

Nader Shah was almost a century before Napoleon. With due respect, it should be Nader Shah of Europe.

I can remember sending an email regarding the central Asia and Duranni empire battle videos and here we are with Panipat 3 battle, thank you Kings and General for making great contents

People of Panipat be like:- Ah shit, Here we go again

Ahhh yes. More indian history and even about the early modern period as well! I love the coverage of topics less often discussed in Europe and the Usa. Please keep it up.

Bengal massacre of civilians for 10 years (1741-1751) by Marathas for chauth (tax) is an unfortunate incident. Bengali mothers sing a famous "Bargi" song till today. They payed for this wrong doing wanted by god after 10 years in 1761 here in Panipat.

Ahmad Shah The Great really had a big brain with all his tactical moves and commands much respect.

In the 1750s it was clear that the Moghul empire was going to fall apart. Marathas, Durrani, British and French were battling to dominate India. Everyone put their money on Marathas or Durrani while no one thought that the British would eventually win. When the Battle of Plassey in 1757 took place, none of the regional Indian powers thought it more than some Bengal dynastic dispute and totally underestimated the threat the British posed. This was one of the main reasons why the British won out at so little cost: no one thought they were a real threat until it was too late.

"1719 was the Year of the Four Emperors in the Muguals Empire" Rome: "First Time?"

Modhi followers has own history , they think that Ahmad shah asked for peace treaty and maratha declined , and maratha defeated Ahmad shah at panipat 😂😂😂 , they even made movie on this bs

Maratha : we have reached northen india , and now will take over all of it. Abdali : hold my zam zam water

Marathas lost the day Afghans won the day Brits won the century

Afghans and Marathas fight each other tooth and nail over the future of India. *Rule Britannia starts playing in the background*

Brilliant documentary, thanks a lot for making this !

i dont remember studying about Maratha empire in my school. how come historians didnt mention it?

This battle decided who won't rule india.

Who would win the Afghan empire or the Maratha empire Yes exactly the British empire

Never knew how powerful the Marathas became. In the US they kinda just teach us the Brits ended Mughal dominance, not their own vassals.

Much needed, thanks man

Durrani-Maratha War. A war to decide who will control India. who won? Britain

When two tigers fight, and then the bulldog steals the show in the end ......

The war costed marathas a lot, it is said that almost half of the male youth in Maratha empire was lost in that battle or as a result of that battle.

The third battle of Panipat is still recollected in the Marathi households. It's considered as the greatest stand our boys had. Though they lost, they are reveared as bravehearts and loss at Panipat still weighs on Marathi minds. It's said that at least one person from every house hold from Marathi land.

I love how British EIC kept observing all these wars happening nearby and prepared for their ultimate invasion.

Marathas made several strategic mistakes prior to this battle. They were experts in guerrilla warfare but chose to face enemy in field battle (jat king suggested them not to), they kept thousands to pilgrims with them which costed them mobility and moral burden, their leader was less experienced, marathas didn't have good allies in North india, their reinforcement didn't arrive in time due to irresponsible action of their king. You can't disregard such basic principles of war and expect to win with sheer ferocity.

This battle truly proved Abdali as a Military genius and skilled tactician and added a vital chapter on war strategy in the text books taught in the military academies of India and Pakistan!

World's top 10 undefeated commanders; Alexander of Macedonian Empire Khail bin Walid of Rashidun Empire Sabutai of Mongol Empire Timur of Timurid Empire Akbar of Mughal Empire Bajirao of Maratha Empire Alexander Suvorov of Russian Empire Duke of Wellington of British Empire Von Moltke of German Empire Mustafa Kemal Pasha of Ottoman Empire

Why is nobody talking about the camel-mounted swivel guns?

Number of times nizaam of Hyderabad got defeated is too damn high 😂😂😂

it is really unbelievable that someone is making such quality and properly script the history without any lies and presenting this really takes a lot of effort, really appreciate this effort, with all my heart. please talk about the southern empires then you will be even more amazed , when you know how much we conquered the rest of the south asia, no one else in India would have done such expansion, prove me wrong.

In North India , Marathas were unpopular among the regional Kings and local chieftains because Marathas gained a lot in a short span of time and now they were dictating their orders on powerful rulers and chieftains in the North. Ahmed Shah Abdali had no interest in ruling part of North India he knew it was too far and local politics would not make possible for him to have a stable rule. Chieftains and rulers in North India preferred power order post Mughal decline (status quo) they did not want any change.

11:26, when you've been in so many wars your face looks like a failed pottery project.

''Whatever countries I conquer in the world, I would never forget your beautiful gardens. When I remember the summits of your beautiful mountains, I forget the greatness of the Delhi throne''- Shah Durrani

I always like the way they end these videos. The end is always the beginning of a new war, a new era.

You deep knowledge on war tackticks is so amazing.

The music starting from 17:58 is just incredible. The slow drum beat, the low pitched singing gives the episode a really grim atmosphere, and the sounds of the cannons and muskets also goes well with it.

Unfortunately, the wide history of Marathas is the least mentioned topic in NCERT textbooks.

If Mughal and Maratha had not fight each other then we would have never been under rule of British!

The best series on historic battles. Specially the narration method is very good.

Conquerors : Mirror, Mirror who is the richest of all? Mirror: India, of course ! Go and plunder till eternity.

If India ever has a civil war, it will be fought at Panipat.

SubhanAllah..As a Muslim from India, proud to see that marathas were defeated time and again from the Muslim army.. now again they are on the rise

Great video as always! I'd be really interested in countries history ✨😎‼

"Also known as the year of four emperors" - I think I heard that one before

I just can't seriously take the fact that among all the characters shown at 9:53, a wild Clive appears 😂

Looking foward to when you guys do an episode on the Batle of Buxar. So little talked about but as important as Plassey in my opinion.

Best documentary ever seen of any battle ❤️

Finally atleast heard the name of Cuttack. My home city

Every marathi person's heart aches whenever this battle is mentioned. I literally cried during the video even though I knew what was going to happen.

To the point information and matches what i read in Grover....kudos and thanks to you...❤

Step wise narrated in a very nice manner. Liked.

Maratha is dangerous. I remember from Empire Total War game in my campaign. I was Netherlands and owned the half of the world and the other half was owned by Maratha. There were only 2 countries left in the whole world. Most interesting campaign I have ever played :)

Marathas -: yes we finally drove all Mughals out , we are free Meanwhile Britishers -: allow us to introduce ourselves

beautiful and very informative video.

Thanks for such a honesty video you make. I just watched 2 video and both are true

I am glad you made a video on the durrani empire the history of Afghanistan because this in my opinion is severely underrated I’m sure not a lot of people are aware of this history of Afghanistan thank you for making this for this part of history makes me proud of my history

This was a turning point for the subcontinent, equal in effect to the Battle of Waterloo. This was the last major pitched battle fought between 2 native subcontinental states/alliances till the 1947 Indo-Pakistan War over Kashmir. This was one of the main reasons the subcontinent was open to colonization by Europeans.

Thanks!

When you have to pay tribute to a smaller empire: 6:00

Finally!!! Thank you, thank you! I comment for you guys to cover this battle a year ago and you finally made it, thank you!

The style of warfare reminds me so much of the Thirty Years War. Decisive cavalry charges against all odds, usage of light artillery pieces against troops, not yet realising you could put together all sorts of artillery in single battery, and make holes in the enemies formation instead of using them piecemeal. Also examples of infantry holding its own against cavalry, mass volleys of musket-fire etc. Even the strategic movements of both armies before the battle reminds of a K&G Thirty years vid I watched a while back. Surprisingly, the Maratha cavalry did so well after getting pushed back where most would have routed at that point, everyone thinks so badly of cavalry charging against well placed infantry except when it works.

Proud afghan. ✌️

I am the afghan durani and filling proud our rull our sauth asia

One famous description of Battle of Panipat found in Marathi records which can be roughly translated as: we lost 2 pearls ( Sadashiv and Vishwas Rao), 10-15 gems ( senior officers) and no one knows how many rupees were lost on that day!!

India: "Year of 4 Emperors" Romans: "Lol, noobs."

Kudos for such an informative vedio👏👏😊

Brilliantly made video

Empire: *Falls apart Muhammad Shah: I sleep

Marathas had too many enemies to Handle at a Time 🥺

It shook the Maratha control of north India for a while , But within 10 yrs, By 1771 , Under Mahadji Shinde , that Marathas again launched a punitive expedition and took over domination of Delhi again The afghans were gone , n Rohillas were defeated Infact Mahadji dug up the Grave of Najib khan Rohilla n scattered the remains

Excellent presentation ❤️👍

This is just absolutely amazing and would love to see more coverage of the Peshwai and more videos in general on this period. Maybe you can do a special episode on Baji Rao I? Or the Anglo-Maratha wars also have some interesting campaigns, battles, betrayal and generally a lot of political intrigue going on. As to the video itself, excellent narration and a quite precise account. I'd just like to make one minor addition of a key event that played a big role in the collapse of the Maratha center towards the end of the battle itself. The Peshwa's eldest son, Vishwas Rao, was a young but highly capable warrior and commander, greatly beloved by both his troops as well as his uncle, Sadashiv Rao Bhau. Between 130-2pm, when the battle at the center was at its peak and the Marathas still had a chance of turning things around, it is said that Vishwas Rao was killed either by an arrow, small-arms fire or a stray cannonball (the exact cause of his death has never been established). The Maratha warriors lost heart very soon after that and the will to carry on fighting started to dissipate. Sadashiv Rao meanwhile is said to have been so aggrieved by his beloved nephew's death that he dismounted from his elephant and led a ferocious but ultimately futile charge into the Afghan lines, ultimately dying and leaving the Maratha center leaderless at the most crucial point.

It is never a good sign for a commander when he feels the need to surround his allies to make sure they fight for him.

my heart constantly melting while watchong this video great researt super animation explains whole story suspense and enjoyed more than panipat movie great hatts of to you

Respect for each and every soldiers fought in the war from Duranni Empire and Maratha Empire’s side!🙏🏼 Peace!✌🏼 Jai Hind! Jai Bharat! Jai Afghan! 🙏🏼⚔️❤️🇮🇳❤️🇦🇫 ❤️⚔️🙏🏼

I've been a fan of your from the beginning and I've been asking you to cover this war again and again. Finally my wish came true. Thanks a ton kings and generals. Knowingly or unknowingly you heard me.

As an Indian, this is so painful to watch.. but nonetheless, it's necessary to remember why we lost. Damn good video though!

This battle gifted the power of balance in Indian subcontinent's politics towards the Britishers!A lesson India should not stop learning,even today and tomorrow!

It's wierd that Muslims have always been skilled generals and tacticians.. amazing

I’m a simple man, I see a K&G video about Indian history and I click it

finally i felt heard.

800 straight years of war. No wonder we Indians were so poor when the British left

Afghan and central asian king: we need slave and gold. Their ministers: ohh really? Let's invade india

I been waiting for this .Kings&Generals alway surprise me no one has done documentary on this battle you are the first congratulations.

Even after panipat battle marathas were in Delhi after 10 years ,though panipat battle is important but even more than that is death of madhavrao peshwa at Young age, which really weaken maratha confederacy. Maratha dream of creating pan Hindu kingdom was given deathblow by panipat and death of madhavrao peshwa.

And after the third battle of Panipat Marathas recaptured delhi in just 10 years incredible

Though Marathas were defeated, Afghans achieved a prryhic victory, this battle exhausted them badly and cost them a lot of men and money too. Yet the Marathas kept dominating India and ruling Delhi for next 4 decades.

Thank you so much kings and generals. I couldn't be more thankful

Interesting fact: Abdali was inclined to accept Marathas peace offer but his muslim allies keep persuading him not to make peace agreement with infidels

Highly informative

Thank you for informing

Maratha Peshwa Madhavrao Bhat recaptured Delhi in 1772AD recaptured Panipat in 1770AD defeated the betrayer race Rohillas in 1767AD defeated Portuguese at Goa in 1762AD at the age of 16 , Defeats Nizam at the age of 16 in 1762AD but dies due to Tuberculosis in 1772AD after that Marathas never expanded further coz their was no good succesor So after 1808 Maratha Power decreased due to rise in feudal power I guess if Brits didn't intervene their would have had been many provincial empires after the last Good Peshwa Sawai Madhavrao

More Maratha wars pls pls!!!!! I know that they won Maratha-mughal war, Maratha-Hyderabad Nizam war, Maratha-Bengal nawab war!!! Fun fact, out of 5 times Marathas and Durranis have faced, 4 times Marathas have won, except Panipat

“Two pearls have been dissolved, 27 gold coins have been lost and of the silver and copper the total cannot be cast up”. This was the rather cryptic message Nana Saheb Peshwa received after the shattering loss at Panipat. The two pearls were his son Vishwas Rao and cousin Sadashiv Rao Bhau who led the campaign. The 27 gold coins were the Maratha sardars, and the rest the soldiers of the army, who were massacred en masse. It was one of the worst blows ever to the Maratha empire, the Peshwa, could not recover from the debacle and died broken hearted in the very city of Pune, that he so lovingly built. Panipat though a disaster, threw up some great heroes whose stories continue to be told to date. And one of them was Ibrahim Khan Gardi. The Gardis are basically a group of tribes such as Bhils, Vanzaras, Pardhis, Mahadeo Koli, Masan Jogi residing mostly in Marathwada region. They were especially renowned for their skill in artillery and handling cannons, and they served the Peshwas as their personal guards, and were known for their loyalty to their masters. Ibrahim Khan Gardi was initially serving with the Nizam, and had fought against the Marathas during the famous Battle of Palkhed, renowned for his artillery skills on the battlefield. He was trained by the French General De Bussy, who was in alliance with the Nizam then, making him acquainted with the latest artillery techniques. It was this factor that made the Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao, invite him to join the Maratha army impressed by his skills, through his cousin Sadashiv Rao Bhau. Ibrahim agreed to join on the condition that the Marathas would not attack Hyderabad, and Bhau agreed to it. He became the deputy commander in chief, heading a huge battalion of 10,000 men consisting of cavalry, artillery, infantry, archers as well as musketeers. His valour and integrity, made him close to both the Peshwa and Bhau. When the Panipat battle began, Gardi had suggested using cannons extensively to break down the Afghan frontline, and only then deploy the cavalry. However some of the Maratha generals envious of Gardi’s growing influence with Bhau and the Peshwa, refused to heed the instructions, while some others fled from the battlefield, leaving the Maratha defences wide open. Gardi was heading the left most flank of the Maratha army, and Abdali ordered his forces to surround and destroy that part. Bhau ordered two cavalry units under Vitthal Vinchurkar and Damaji Gaikwad to protect the Gardi division. However their inexperience and overenthusiasm, saw them charging at the Rohillas all by themselves. It was a disastrous tactic, as the cavalry were armed only with swords, making them a fair target for the Rohilla artillery, who easily picked them off. The Rohillas soon encircled the Gardis, and outflanked the Marathas, while Shah Wali pressed on from the front, as the Gardis fell one by one. Ibrahim Khan Gardi however kept defending resolutely as the combined Afghan-Rohilla attacks failed to dislodge him from his position. It was one of the bloodiest phases of the battle as around 12000 Afghan cavalry and infantry men fell from the cannon fire unleashed by the Gardis. Even when the news of the Peshwa’s son Vishwas Rao, falling on the battle field, reached Ibrahim Khan, he still kept defending against a much larger Afghan army, till one by one all his soldiers fell, and he was left standing alone. Some of the Maratha sardars and generals had already fled from Panipat, sensing impending doom, but Ibrahim Khan Gardi, fought resolutely till the end out of sheer loyalty to his master. After he was captured Ibrahim Khan was kept in captivity at the tent of the Nawab of Awadh, Shuja-ud-Daulah. Knowing this Abdali demanded Shuja to present Ibrahim to him. Though Shuja was reluctant considering Gardi was wounded badly, he had to agree under pressure. The Afghans by now were doing a barbaric war dance over the dead bodies of both Bhau and Vishwas Rao. Soon Gardi was bought before Abdali, who asked him “Are you the commander of 10 platoons of the Maratha Army?” “Yes” “And you served the French before” “Yes that is why I got the title of Gardi” “And then you served the Nizam” “Yes” “You left the Nizam and joined the Marathas. You served the Kafirs spoke in their language, you should be ashamed of yourself and repent for what you have done”. Ibrahim Khan shot back- “Shame and repentance what for? Does one feel shame for loving one’s own land? Why should I repent for shedding my blood to defend my land Abdali?” An infuriated Abdali asked him-“Do you know whom you are speaking to?” Ibrahim replied calmly-“Yes I know, what can you do apart from taking my life? And whoever you are, for sure you are not the angel of God”. “It is strange being a Muslim you ruin your life for the Kafirs” “Then you do not know who is a true Muslim Abdali. The one who destroys his land, the one who joins hands with the foreigners seeking to invade the land is not a true Muslim ever”. “You have sinned Ibrahim siding with the Kafirs against your fellow Muslims, repent else you shall be cut into pieces”. Ibrahim Khan did not flinch even though wounded all over and shot back-“You can only cut my body into pieces, what else can do you do Abdali?” “I am giving you one last chance, seek repentance and you shall be freed, we will give you a good position in our army” Ibrahim laughed and replied-“If you let me free , I shall return to Pune, and this time come back once again to Panipat to destroy the rest of your army, along with you”. “I am giving you one last chance Ibrahim, repent for your sins” “A martyr never repents Abdali. You should be the one repenting for killing the defenseless, wounded and prisoners”. And then Ibrahim Khan Gardi was brutally tortured to death, cutting off his arms and limbs one by one, as he bled to death, but refused to surrender or ask for mercy. Until he finally left the world, calling out Allah on his lips. Even after his death, the Gardis kept serving the Peshwas, till the end of their rule in 1818, after which they joined the East India Company, serving as sepoys, musketeers in the Poona Horse, Bombay Sappers and Maratha Light Infantry.

Great, wonderful, amazing, must appreciate,