Brain Basics, pt. 1, Membranes/Meninges: Learn Integral Anatomy with Gil Hedley 

Thank you so much Monamour, I appreciate your interest! (PS: your name too conveys passion! :)

Life changing moments indeed Sue, I never cease to be amazed by the beauty inside of us! I'm glad you enjoyed the video, my editing was a bit off, not sure where my head was at haahaha!

Yay! I'm glad you "got it," wish I had such a video when I started out!!

Aww thank you for shining your bright light this way Ms. Sun!!

My pleasure Stephanie!

Thank you for watching Paula, I appreciate your sustained interest! :)

Hi Sarah! There are actually 17 sinuses, not easy to account for but I have tracked several of them that I can share on in a future vid!

Thank you for watching JAQ, there's lots more where those images came from, I have a pretty huge archive of amazing stuff on my site, ENJOY!

@@somanaut amazing!!!

Thanks Angel, Happy Monday to you too!!

I'm glad you enjoyed it Jeann, thank's for watching!

Hi Carol! Thanks for watching, I'm glad you enjoyed the bonus pics :) Some stuff is easier than others to support in that way, I was lucky to be able to do so here, thanks to "Anna" and others~

Thanks for watching my friend, and yes, the layering is a marvel indeed!

Thank you so much, I appreciate your interest, and I think Feldenkrais work is super cool :)

You are most welcome Karen, I'm glad you enjoyed it!!

Ask and ye shall receive! :)

Yah thank goodness for the fluids in there, we'd get even more banged up than we already do without it...

Hi Wayne! They are actually surprisingly potentially different both at a gross morphological level, as well as in terms of their internal connectivity at a microscopic level. At the gross morphological level, if you have an eye for it and have seen enough examples, you can start to see differences that reflect the stresses and strains conveyed through the membranes themselves that affect brain position, as well as size differences: look around at your fellow humans, are skulls are quite variable in both size, and skull shape will also influence the brain shape, as well as growths that can thicken the skull and displace the brain tissue accordingly. Strokes also affect the shape of the brain, creating voids where the circulation failed. So these are just a few examples of how brains are different at the gross level where I work. In terms of internal connectivity of neurons, that's where the tread meets the road regarding differences in human brains. By learning, whether intellectually or emotionally, and by having experiences, we humans can be vastly different in terms of the neuronal connectivity from one person to the next, and from one time to another in our lives. I think I just wrote a script for another Brain Basics video haha, thanks for the prompt Wayne!

@@somanaut awsome i like prompting people...

Ahh thank you for asking Michael! I personally consider the translation of "mater" as "mother" in this case to be a bit off. Many words of course in English that have multiple "senses" of meaning which are context dependent. "I tried to hit the ball." vs "The judge tried the case." (meaning in first case, attempted, and in the second case, oversaw) So it would be "off" if you translated the first sentence as "I oversaw hitting the ball." Similarly, in Latin "mater" carries the sense of material, matter, stuff, AND mother, all context dependent. With reference to the dura mater, it seems clear that the literal rather than the allegorical meaning is intended. I can just see "Mario and Guisseppe," the first anatomists, opening their first skull and exclaiming this membrane is a "tough material," as opposed to this is a "tough motherf'cker" and then editing that down to "tough mother" for their students haha... Now when the same guys saw an icon in Church, and bowed their heads at the "pia mater," it would mean the "gentle mother" most certainly, and not the "soft stuff," unless there was a statue made of candle wax on a hot day. I know it is the habit of many teachers to teach "dura mater" and "pia mater" using the English word "mother," but I am not sure this more evocative sense is the likely original meaning of the anatomists who called it that, but that it is more likely that someone along the line who did not know Latin or have translation skills looked up the word in a Latin dictionary and, seeing several meanings to choose from, selected the evocative and memorable rather than the more pedestrian and likely meaning, and it became a habitual reference for English speaking teachers regardless of being a bit off the mark as an accurate translation. "The judge tried the case, but decided to just carry his trombone unprotected after all."

I am glad that this question was asked... thinking back years ago to my training... "tough mother" was how I learned it and I don't recall the dual layers of the Dura. I think my dura has shrunk over the years and it's crowing the brain cells! I will probably stay with tough mother, as that is what was cemented, but I surely will remember the "matter" of it all! 8 ^)

My question too! Thanks for answering.

Hi Sharon! Anatomists generally use the terms "periosteal" and "endosteal" dura interchangeably to refer to the layer I showed in the first image of the brain held aloft with the whole periosteal layer demonstrated and listed as layer #1 in my list. I would consider it more precise to use the word "endosteum" to reference the connective tissue substance wrapping the trabeculae WITHIN the boney matrix. So the "endosteal layer of the brain" that you mention would likely correspond in common membrane-parlance to the outermost dural layer that I demonstrate. As for cranial nerves "passing through" the tentorium cerebelli, I probably wouldn't quite describe it quite that way. Cranial Nerve 4, the trochlear nerve, which supplies the motor innervation to the superior oblique m. of the eye, pierces the tent not somewhere out in the middle of its expanse but very specifically at its most medio-anterior edge of the tentorial notch (though which passes the brainstem) as it continues anteriorly with the dura in general. Cranial Nerve 5, the trigeminal nerve supplies the tentorium cerebelli, so that moreso passes "to" rather than "through." Might as well give a specific answer to an interesting question! I appreciate your interest :)

@@somanaut OMG, I feel as though a "celebrity" responded to my ?'s! And SO fast, so clear, and so thorough too. Also, I appreciate how you speak in pictures so that us novices can better understand anatomy. Thank you, kindly, Somanaut, extraordinaire!

@@sharongonzales2495 You are most welcome, one person's question serves many! And as for celebrity, that's hilarious, just 'ole gilly here typing away in my garage (where I also film these clips) haha!

Thanks for watching Mary! I'll copy this answer in that I replied to Michael as well, you both have the same good question! I personally consider the translation of "mater" as "mother" in this case to be a bit off. Many words of course in English that have multiple "senses" of meaning which are context dependent. "I tried to hit the ball." vs "The judge tried the case." (meaning in first case, attempted, and in the second case, oversaw) So it would be "off" if you translated the first sentence as "I oversaw hitting the ball." Similarly, in Latin "mater" carries the sense of material, matter, stuff, AND mother, all context dependent. With reference to the dura mater, it seems clear that the literal rather than the allegorical meaning is intended. I can just see "Mario and Guisseppe," the first anatomists, opening their first skull and exclaiming this membrane is a "tough material," as opposed to this is a "tough motherf'cker" and then editing that down to "tough mother" for their students haha... Now when the same guys saw an icon in Church, and bowed their heads at the "pia mater," it would mean the "gentle mother" most certainly, and not the "soft stuff," unless there was a statue made of candle wax on a hot day. I know it is the habit of many teachers to teach "dura mater" and "pia mater" using the English word "mother," but I am not sure this more evocative sense is the likely original meaning of the anatomists who called it that, but that it is more likely that someone along the line who did not know Latin or have translation skills looked up the word in a Latin dictionary and, seeing several meanings to choose from, selected the evocative and memorable rather than the more pedestrian and likely meaning, and it became a habitual reference for English speaking teachers regardless of being a bit off the mark as an accurate translation. "The judge tried the case, but decided to just carry his trombone unprotected after all." I appreciate your interest!

haha no doubt, and my bad for not identifying the orientation!

@@somanaut it's the disciples task to figure out what the master wants him to learn