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My name is Artem, I'm a computational neuroscience student and researcher. In this video we discuss engrams - fundamental units of memory in the brain. We explore what engrams are, how memory is allocated, where it is stored, and how different memories become linked with each other.
Patreon: / artemkirsanov
Twitter: / artemkrsv
OUTLINE:
00:00 - Introduction
00:39 - Historical background
01:44 - Fear conditioning paradigm
03:38 - Immediate-early genes as memory markers
08:13 - Engrams are necessary and sufficient for recall
10:16 - Excitabiliy and memory allocation
16:19 - Brain-wide engrams
18:12 - Linking memories together
24:20 - Summary
25:33 - Brilliant
27:09 - Outro
REFERENCES (in no particular order):
1. Robins, S. The 21st century engram. WIRES Cognitive Science e1653 (2023) doi:10.1002/wcs.1653.
2. Roy, D. S. et al. Brain-wide mapping reveals that engrams for a single memory are distributed across multiple brain regions. Nat Commun 13, 1799 (2022).
3. Josselyn, S. A. & Tonegawa, S. Memory engrams: Recalling the past and imagining the future. Science 367, eaaw4325 (2020).
4. Chen, L. et al. The role of intrinsic excitability in the evolution of memory: Significance in memory allocation, consolidation, and updating. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 173, 107266 (2020).
5. Rao-Ruiz, P., Yu, J., Yu, J. J., Kushner, S. A. & Josselyn, S. A. Neuronal competition: microcircuit mechanisms define the sparsity of the engram. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 54, 163-170 (2019).
6. Josselyn, S. A. & Frankland, P. W. Memory Allocation: Mechanisms and Function. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 41, 389-413 (2018).
7. Choi, J.-H. et al. Interregional synaptic maps among engram cells underlie memory formation. Science 360, 430-435 (2018).
8. Abdou, K. et al. Synapse-specific representation of the identity of overlapping memory engrams. Science 360, 1227-1231 (2018).
9. Yokose, J. et al. Overlapping memory trace indispensable for linking, but not recalling, individual memories. Science 355, 398-403 (2017).
10. Rashid, A. J. et al. Competition between engrams influences fear memory formation and recall. Science 353, 383-387 (2016).
11. Poo, M. et al. What is memory? The present state of the engram. BMC Biol 14, 40 (2016).
12. Park, S. et al. Neuronal Allocation to a Hippocampal Engram. Neuropsychopharmacol 41, 2987-2993 (2016).
13. Morrison, D. J. et al. Parvalbumin interneurons constrain the size of the lateral amygdala engram. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 135, 91-99 (2016).
14. Minatohara, K., Akiyoshi, M. & Okuno, H. Role of Immediate-Early Genes in Synaptic Plasticity and Neuronal Ensembles Underlying the Memory Trace. Front. Mol. Neurosci. 8, (2016).
15. Josselyn, S. A., Köhler, S. & Frankland, P. W. Finding the engram. Nat Rev Neurosci 16, 521-534 (2015).
16. Yiu, A. P. et al. Neurons Are Recruited to a Memory Trace Based on Relative Neuronal Excitability Immediately before Training. Neuron 83, 722-735 (2014).
17. Redondo, R. L. et al. Bidirectional switch of the valence associated with a hippocampal contextual memory engram. Nature 513, 426-430 (2014).
18. Ramirez, S. et al. Creating a False Memory in the Hippocampus. Science 341, 387-391 (2013).
19. Liu, X. et al. Optogenetic stimulation of a hippocampal engram activates fear memory recall. Nature 484, 381-385 (2012).
20. Silva, A. J., Zhou, Y., Rogerson, T., Shobe, J. & Balaji, J. Molecular and Cellular Approaches to Memory Allocation in Neural Circuits. Science 326, 391-395 (2009).
CREDITS:
Icons by biorender.com and www.freepik.com/
Brain 3D models were modeled with Blender software using publicly available BrainGlobe atlases (brainglobe.info/atlas-api)
Rat free 3D model: skfb.ly/oEq7y
This video was sponsored by Brilliant
18 май 2024
