Breakthrough Solar Panel Makes Hydrogen At Home! 

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You swivel between two cameras so much in your videos now. It's kinda distracting.

To drive 1 mile with a hydrogen fuel cell car, you need about 20 grammes of hydrogen. This costs at least 1 kWh to make. To store the generated hydrogen in the tank, costs another 20% energy, so that makes 1,2 kWh per mile. A solar panel with 400 Wp takes 3-4 hours to make this amount of energy around noon. On a full day the panel will be making about 2,5 kWh. Suppose you have 20 of these panels and it's sunny summer day. Then you can generate 50 kWh - which enough for 40 miles - for a big roof with 20 panels. Just barely 2 miles per panel, per sunny summer's day. Btw. a BEV will do with 1/5 th of the energy, much more feasible, and safe. When you would burn hydrogen in a combustion engine, you'll need 3 times more than for a fuel cell car. No way that you can provide your own hydrogen for that.

Long and short, this is what the world needs a hell of a lot more R&D on everything. And this is what I think this channel promotes the idea of being able to look at the pros and cons, subjectively and accurately and deeply. I love this channel. Scientific breakthroughs with the world needs.

When comparing a fuel cell vehicle to a battery electric vehicle, please remember: fuel cells produce DC current just like a battery. So you will need an inverter for either of them, to power your home or your EV's AC induction motor (lightest, most efficient and most flexible type so commonly used in EVs). Most batteries can return 85 - 90% of the energy you put in. If you can get the hydrolyzer up to 71% efficiency, and the fuel cell up to a similar level of efficiency, you will get about ½ of your energy input back out (√½ ≈ 0.71). If they can get the hydrolyzer and the fuel cell, each, up to 90% efficiency, you'll get about 81% of your energy input back out again (0.9 × 0.9 = 0.81). That's getting competitive with a battery. 95% efficiency on each would make it fully competitive. Solhyd is claiming they can hit that with their hydrolyzer. But fuel cells ... not there. There are high-efficiency fuel cells but they use a lot of platinum, which makes them hideously expensive (figure about $250k for 25 kW output; 25 kW is about 33⅓ horsepower). There are cheaper ones, based on nickel, which are nowhere near their level of efficiency (~40%). 0.9 × 0.4 = 0.36 or 36% round-trip efficiency, which is still less than half of a battery. WRT storing hydrogen: there are carbon-wrapped tanks which can take 700 bar (over 10k psi) but you will need to expend a LOT of energy on the pumps to put it in there. And it will still take a larger volume, compared to gasoline. Metal hydrides typically only need about 500 psi (lower pumping losses) but fueling is exothermic and expelling the fuel is endothermic. Rodger Billings drove a hydrogen-fueled Cadillac in Jimmy Carter's inauguration parade, with the hydrogen stored in metal hydrides. The fuel tanks had tubes running through them; engine exhaust went through the tubes when the engine was running (providing heat for the endothermic release) and cool air was pumped through the tubes when fueling (providing cooling during the exothermic fueling). The big problem is that metal hydride powders are very heavy; you're lucky if 5% of your total stored mass is hydrogen. 1 kg of hydrogen has about the same energy content as 1 gallon of gasoline. That's 20 kg / 44 pounds of mass to carry the equivalent of 1 gallon of gasoline. Gasoline weighs about 6.5 pounds / gallon and you don't need a 500 psi-rated tank to hold it. You talk about a Solhyd panel making 250 liters of H₂ / day. I'm assuming you mean 250 liters at STP; you did mention it was low pressure. 1 kg of H₂ is about 12k liters at STP. You would need about 48 such panels to make the hydrogen energy equivalent of 1 gallon of gasoline per day. If they can do that for 30 years ... the per-kg cost might be reasonable. Hydrogen makes sense in only 2 cases: 1 - You need to store the energy for weeks or months at a time. Batteries are good for a few days, maybe a week, but not for longer timespans. The Apollo capsules used hydrogen / oxygen fuel cells to carry energy for an 11-12 day mission, providing heat and potable water as byproducts. Battery tech of the time was nowhere close to that storage capacity and the byproducts were useful. Artemis will use a lot of solar panels and some batteries; they won't be hauling all of their energy when they blast off the pad. Apollo had no choice; solar tech wasn't ready, back then, either. 2 - You need to transfer the energy much faster. If you are refueling a vehicle and need to refuel in a handful of minutes, rather than having a hour, hydrogen makes some sense. An Over-The-Road semi can store liquid hydrogen (LH2) for 500 miles and you can refuel it in minutes. A battery-electric semi ... good luck getting the charging time for 500 miles down under an hour. A driver is going to want to spend as much of their time as possible in motion (they get paid by the mile, not by the hour) so many heavy-truck manufacturers are actively working on hydrogen fuel cell rigs, running on LH2. Ditto for electric airplanes. They're hoping that, if they build the demand, the supply / infrastructure will come. There are three "miracles" needed before we can transition to a hydrogen economy: the cost of production needs to come down, the cost of storage needs to come down and the cost of usage needs to come down. The Solhyd panel appears to be working on the first one. All three are making evolutionary gains but ... I think we're still decades away from a hydrogen economy being realistic.

It makes more sense to just store the electricity given how much it takes to create it and then use a fuel cell to get it back, IF it’s for an EV or home use. Only makes sense when there is huge over production that the batteries would be very large or expensive, or for uses like air travel where battery weight is a limiting factor

EV : Solar to electric ready to use. Hydrogen Solar : Solar to electric to hydrogen to fuel cell TBDV : GENIUS!!

Thanks for talking about this technology! But just as some others have commented: in your comparison you leave out the problem with the fuel cells, that they require a worse kind of mining than the battery materials, which by the way are shifting now already to a broader mix with less hard to produce elements like sodium, Sulphur, Iron... and as much as I liked the idea of Hydrogen in the past the more I learn about the problems with storage, round-trip efficiency the less I like it! And particularly not for home use! I don't want to live in a building, where you always have to fear it blows up, because some vibration or aging of material has let to a leak! This technology would be really useful to make fertilisers in countries that have a lot of sun! And of course make steel and concrete and all the other good stuff you can do with it, but not for space heating or transportation!

I was a big fan of hydrogen fuel cells for cars and transportation. But the more I learned about it, the challenges just seem way to big for a national scale, especially with battery technology improving. Now, for trailers, shipping and planes, I would like to see hydrogen come through for them.

I don't like the moving between two camera shots it's unnecessary and annoying

Wow! That sounds so safe. Not combustible at all in your or your neighbors house.

Fascinating... thank you...

Thank you, I can’t wait for it to get on the market

Amazing video bro.. i love your vids

I started my hydrogen conversion Solar Panel almost 20 years ago an got flack from fosil feul suplyers .thermoelectric converters and micro stadged compressors with multy gas stayges {9 defferint gasses} and a lot of regelations . hydrogen and oxygin from my setup .

The obvious use case is higher latitudes. If you don’t get any or very low output in the winter, it’s interesting to store in the summer in H2 and use heat and electricity in the winter!

hydrogen is very hard to store and leaks out of steel containers

direct air electrolyzer is great technology that I don't really see making sense in a home setting but it would work wonders to store energy and stabilize the grid or just to create cheap hydrogen for industries like steel where there's still no alternative to fossil fuels

My answer to your question, "Would I use..." That is a huge YES!!!

Oh. Looks like you are now talking about those very issues. Very nice.

Im glad they finalky got their website working again.

For your question, I'm more willing. Our family typically doesn't go on long road trips. I've started watching more vlogs on themeparks to help subside those wants and it actually helps... I see people in long lines and it turns me off. Also one of my family members is involved in the airlines, so we get free flights (non-rev). Will say that I'm on the waiting game though. I want to see more done in the hydrogen sector before I consider buying alike solar panels like the ones you discussed here in this video.

You could always rent a car for long trips. If you combine this with a hydrogen Fuel Cell and battery packs for the home. This could be the quickest way to 80-90% green energy.

First, thank you for continuing to produce good videos about new hydrogen technology, and for exploring the potential for using hydrogen as an energy source in the future. Everybody else, for some reason, seems to want to just put it down and ignore it. You say that hydrogen is very energy dense, then you say it has very low energy density. Of course you mean that it has high mass energy density, but low volumetric energy density. You should use those more specific terms because people need to start understanding energy density in both ways, since both are important. Also, you give the mass energy density without the storage container included, but since it requires heavy storage tanks, you should point that out immediately and give the adjusted mass energy density, including storage tanks. And then you talk about the amount of energy required to produce hydrogen as if that’s a problem, but in fact, it is exactly that reason why it does indeed have a high mass energy density. Put a lot of energy in to it to get a lot of energy out, energy is conserved. We would like to have to put even more energy in to produce it. The important factor is the efficiency of producing it, and the efficiency of extracting the energy back out again. Compare that to the efficiency of charging a battery and the efficiency of draining a battery. And compare the total volume of batteries required to store enough energy to power 1 million homes for three weeks, to the volume of hydrogen storage tanks required for the same thing. And, of course, compare the cost of the two systems also. Your focus is on residential and automobile use of hydrogen. But it’s pretty clear that hydrogen will definitely be used for applications involving heavy machinery that uses a tremendous amount of power, such as large long-distance trucks, mining vehicles, trains, maybe airplanes, perhaps involved in various industrial processes, like steel manufacturing. To that end, this hydrogen panel may make a great deal of sense for producing the needed hydrogen using large hydrogen solar farms, rather than using grid electricity along with traditional electrolyzers. I’m wondering about residential small scale infrastructure. Why not share hydrogen collection and concentration facilities among an entire block or two of houses? It’s not unheard of to have such neighborhood infrastructure. I have a box down the street that contains stuff for my neighborhood’s fiber optic cable system. Also down the street is a large transformer that steps down electricity for use in the neighborhood. Up the street is a large water storage tank. Under the street is a large sewage collection system, and a friend has a sewage pump station down the street from him.

I would be impressed if they did anything other than electrolysis. When you start with a 20% efficient panel then you're already doing poorly. I'll admit that 95% efficient electrolysis is damned impressive. If hydrogen gets anywhere it will need some kind of catalyst that can use sunlight or heat.

It is amazing the pace of development Ricki by the time you have produced a video a new development has advanced. I love this Hoymiles concept. However there is another way to store hydrogen. Hamstrung by the US government it was not allowed patents till 2017 due to its disruptive nature. That company is Plasma Kinetics. Please review their process in a future video and how its storage method could mesh with low pressure in residence production. Thanks for all your efforts.

Thanks a lot for sharing. I am trying to learn more about GH2, what other startups have you seen building amazing stuff in this field?

I envision solar thermal energy and thermal batteries becoming a strong player towards solving the intermittency problem of renewable energy. A large insulated tank of sand would make a decent thermal battery for cheap. You could also use a phase change material to store more energy without a huge swing in temperature. A Stirling engine can convert a temperature difference to electricity (and also the reverse) but using heat for heating is more efficient. It might make sense to have a mix of PV panels and thermal solar panels and use both thermal and electric batteries combined with the Stirling engine for conversion. A computer program could intake all relevant information and manage the system in a smart way converting if and when it makes sense to do so. One example could be more heat becomes electricity in the summer months.

KISS = keep it super simple. Solar panel directly charging car EV battery. Done. Could not be simpler or cheaper, and the technology is already here, installed in our garages.

In cold climates, like here in Norway, the efficiency by using hydrogen in a fuel cell is higher. We can use the waste heat for heating 1/2 of the year. Storing H2 for winter use could be interesting if the prices on fuel cells and storage goes down. Most norwegian homes are heated by heat pumps, so about 150-300kg H2 would meet demand for charging cars and running the house in the middle of the winter, 2-3 months. We pay most for electricity in the winter.

I made a solar powered hydrogen cell around 15 years ago. People have been doing this for a long time. That's how I got the idea to make one.

Sorry Ricki, H2 is just too hard to handle, density, even liquefied is too low, and by the time you've added sufficient safety and monitoring tech the costs are simply too high. However, in space, an elecctrolizer to remove water vapor from the atmosphere, return O2 to breathe, or store with the H2 for propellent. Combined with Sabotiere process to break down CO2, you now have an atmosphere scrubbing system, returning usable raw materials for further use.

they have talked of hydrogen cars for decades -- 6 fill up stations in the whole of uk -- like 3 pounds per kilo to buy

SUPER IDEA . POZDRAWIAM .

One situation where the hydrogen panel might be better is for example a house with a well issue, or areas where water is a more valuable or protected resource.

You briefly mentioned ammonia. Ammonia is used extensively in farming. So maybe it could be used to produce “green ammonia” for farmers. Perhaps in collaboration with agrovoltaics?

I'd love to see a fully integrated home power system that uses solar and wind to charge a battery and compress/store hydrogen, instead of cobbling it together between multiple systems. Would be good for going completely off grid, or moving toward a decentralized grid, and having multiple types of backup system.

Almost every time I see someone calculate the cost of a system amortized over a long time span, they neglect the "opportunity cost" of the initial investment. If you spend, for example, $16,000 putting 20 of these panels on your roof, and expect to use then for 30 years, you should add to the cost over that lifetime the money the $16,000 could have earned if invested somewhere. It's not unreasonable to say the $16,000 could be invested somewhere that earned 6% per year. That's close to $1,000 per year in lost returns that you could have earned if you passed on installing the panels. To make the math simpler, let's call that $50/year per panel. Each panel makes 250 liters per day, they say. 91,250 liters per year. At standard atmospheric pressure and temperature, hydrogen gas is about 0.083 g/L. That works out to about 7.5 kg per panel per year. Divide the $800 cost of the panel by a 30 year life, and the cost per year is $27. Add the $50 in opportunity cost, and the total cost is $77/year. Hmmm. That means the hydrogen is actually costing 0ver $10 per kg. And that neglect the cost of the compressors and tanks that would be needed in a practical set up. The math doesn't work.

I have a question: can these panels collect and store the water itself rather than splitting off the H2 and O2? I'm convinced that solar is an answer for most things, tho rhere is plenty of room to improvement. If so, how much water can be collected from various humidities? Not ready to invest in H2 just yet. Very informative video, though,. Keep it up

Mr Hindenburg approves! This is the bomb! ;)

You swivel between two cameras so much in your videos now. Thats awesome so much better then others

Definitely would love to switch to a hydrogen combustion engine car. I would bet on it for the future for sure. Once we start getting more efficient at creating the compressed hydrogen then we can start worrying about making the combustion part of it more efficient.

Correction, current fuel cells are something like 70-80% efficient. The DoE's numbers are for the entire round trip efficiencies (Even bEVs are something like 60-70% efficient according to the same metrics). BEVs are still far better in my opinion (a 20% gap is massive especially when you consider it's closer to 80-90% efficient when you get the power directly from your own solar systems) but hydrogen isn't a "dead option." In addition, the weight aspect (there's currently something like a 8:1 ratio for storage of hydrogen) is kinda glossed over. That still makes it "better" weight to energy compared to a bEV, but it's not as simple as taking the raw weight of hydrogen. That being said, I doubt these panels will be "coming to your home." Fuel cells are kinda expensive enough where I'm pretty sure for the average home a 5-10kWh sodium ion power wall will be cheaper. This seems more likely to be used at scale in places where there's a lot of land and a lot of sunlight on an industrial scale. These would likely go to the consumer hydrogen market for bigger vehicles (long haul trucks, aeroplanes etc which need the energy density) rather than the consumer market which will do just fine with BEVs.

If I could refuel at home, you can bet businesses would find a way to monetize the same tech and refueling stations would pop up. I dont like batteries so yes, i would switch over. Great video. You channel is awesome.

I say Lavo system with direct electrolysis of the air like the panel..Neat there is a way we can make high pressure H2 through the electrolysis process...

Excellent Ricki

Can see a lot of home insurance companies having issues with this.

Great explanation (as always), just one minor criticism about the video if I may, the continual switching back and forth between cameras was quite distracting.

One of these units connected to a low pressure storage system then the can can be used for cooking and home heating. This keeps it simple and cheap. As hydrogen burns hotter than natural gas, a lot less is required. Mixed with air, the BTUs produced could be the same as natural gas, therefore no need to change boilers or cooker tops.

read an article about Hybrid photothermal-photocatalyst sheets for solar-driven overall water splitting coupled to water purification, if that is the case then I expect there to be a new revolution in the solar world.

I believe H2 is more suited at grid level, coupled with long term storage to make up for low solar during winter months. At residential level solar + battery is sufficient and efficient. Also, you provided the advertize efficiency or lab result, real world should be slightly less. H2 leaks, corrode metal pipes. You can't change physics which is on the side of Li batteries.

Hiydrogen has high energy per unit weight, but a very low energy density by volume at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. So the only way to pack enough hydrogen in a vehicle to get a reasonable range means either extremely high pressures or ultracold temperatures, both of which use up more energy. Storing electricity via water electrolysis, compressiion for storage, and fuel cell has an overall efficiency of about 27%. Storing electricity via charger and batteries is 85% efficient. So, it needs 3x more solar panels, and with the cost of the electrolyzer and hydrogen storage, it will cost more than the equivalent grid tied solar system with battery storage.

if you can further miniturize the thing to be able to be strapped to my car roof, all I gotta do is fill the device with water for roadtrips and literally just go to gas stations with water and air stations to fill up.

Thanks for your quality videos. Couple of things though : - hydrogen is no energy source, just as a battery is no energy source; both are just storage methods. - comparison is incomplete: the whole system should be considered, fuel cells require mining too, although a lot less I guess. - comparison should include complexity: solar => electricity => hydrogen => (compression =>) storage => fuel-cell => electricity, compared to solar => electriciy => storage (battery) => electricity - Complexity again but on car level: a hydrogen car is essentially a complete BEV with a very small battery + the hydrogen-tank / fuel-cell system on top of it => very complex I'm really not convinced hydrogen will ever really make sense in cars, or even if so, it's too late, BEVs have won. So the solution for these solar panels should rather focus on storage, mainly seasonal storage, but flow-batteries are probably the better solution for this use-case. And from a global energy production versus need perspective, in the context of the transition to clean energy, efficiency is top priority over comfort which in most cases range is. Range is mostly a psychological problem => the rational solution still is BEVs.

Solhyde panels are to solar panels with third party electrolyzers what a sealed beam headlight is to a headlamp with separate bulb, reflector, and lens. 🙂

I have a neighbor whose house burned down bc he was charging his Tesla and it overheated. Evidently those battery fires are insanely hot. Both his neighbors on either side also had serious damage. Evidently Lithum fires are more common than we are being told.

wondering how much everything else to pipe and store the hydrogen would be and what it would be made of because of the issue of hydrogen embrittlement, this is something i have found many groups forget about prior to getting ready to produce non test scale

I actually see an economy of Green Hydrogen/Fuel cell and EV's existing in parallel in the coming years. Also if these cells can double as a drinking water generator, that will increase its utility for self sufficient off grid systems. I would definitely consider one.

I tried to find out more about this, "High Differential pressure water electrolysis," but came up short. Can you make video about that technology so that people like me whom haven't heard of the technology can learn more about?

this is very neat I wonder if this same idea could be applied to solar panels in space to harvest 3he

You said That most of the other 50% efficiency is lost in heat. Could it be partly used for home usage?

i kinda also wanna be able to generate electricity from excess hydrogen made. maybe use it in a stove burner? IDK. the best part about having liquid hydrogen stored is that you can use it whenever. I seen people make hydrogen powered generators work just the same as gas ones.

When we get to home H2 production and storage solutions, this will really be a game changer. There will be so much excess solar capacity in the near future, any inefficiency associated with electrolysis and H2 storage will be be moot. Stored H2 is going to be much more convenient than a big heavy battery storage.

does teslas' step-up voltage work for electrolysis? fine mesh of this thing should work in dense water vapor set up.. best storage form for hydrogen is water itself.

I have 89% humidity, we have it in abundance and yes I would get one immediately if I could afford one. My attic get to 150 F it would be mice to not run AC to cool the house down from the frying pan above my head.

I always liked this idea and also nuclear fusion both great ideas how about using ground energy the earth to help power in addition to solar/wind?

Have you done a report on the status of HOD (Hydrogen on Demand) recently?

Hydrogen is small & can get through normal seals. You really should dig into the details of the cooling, compression & storage issues in an up front way. Purity is the issue with a fuel cell membrane. Until there is a method to cycle a cleaning of the membrane, they have a very short life in the presence of minerals & other sediment.

What about the recycling of Solar Panels and Batteries? That cost also needs to be factored in, especially in the long run...

The thing is, he longer we wait the longer it’ll take. Just like battery technology in the last 100 stunted by a cheaper option (on the surface) that’s lead if nothing else to terrible pollution issues, that initself has significantly reduced over its years of production, I’m pro hydrogen as well. Right now, just like solar, was 30 years ago, and to this day, still is less than 25% efficient, but it’s overall earth benefit is significant.

I may have this all wrong, but at 11:00 you show a house with 22 panels on it. Assuming 250l/panel per day, that would be creating a little less than 500g/day of hydrogen. Hardly 'industrial scale' and arguably, not enough to make this worthwhile at least for small scale operations. What am I missing?

Plasma kinetics has a working ambient temperature and pressure hydrogen storage system. But its discharge qty is limited.

high pressure storage direct to a fuel cell maybe. but all the extra hardware to create a fueling station? they scent methane and propane to be aware of leaks. how are you going to detect leaks before the boom point? directly to storage with a fuel cell would even out spikes in good and bad solar days though with a fuel cell and batteries for storage. ut for the cost of the hydrogen system, you could just get more batteries and be safer.

What if u take the solar panel system & directly have it apart of the car. Then directly route the hydrogen into storing it in your car? It could auto detect when it's full & maybe utilize or transfer energy to other aspects to the car once the tank is full? Just a thought? Probably can't work

Its easy, you can combine it. For home you can have acid lead batteries that have been perfected and weight is not an issue. Generate some electricity and some hydrogen. Overall efficiency should rise at 15-20%. Edit: Ofcourse I would prefer that you can fully control how much of which is generated and when.

My wife and I would do that in a second. Hydrogen car filled at home would work perfectly for us, no problem.

So can the panel be attached onto the hydrogen fueled car’s roof for unlimited range?

Everyone considering hydrogen as a fuel source should do this first: 1. Do the plumbing for a "on-demand" water heater, including gas lines. (if you actually do this, do the work, then have it checked by a professional to see how well you did.) 2. Replace an oil seal on any internal combustion engine of your choice. These will give you a visceral understanding of the concept of making a good seal. Now consider that hydrogen gas causes embrittlement of metals (and subsequent failure) and that pipe junctions are extremely difficult to seal (for us average folk) This makes hydrogen a non-starter. Though some solar electronics can be complicated, they are sold as easily replaceable modules that anyone can learn how to do. Large profit incentives for battery technology will insure that batteries will become cheaper, safer and lighter over time.

Depends on the price of the vehicle. I haven't heard any prices, even ballpark figure, of any h² cars.

Being that it's pretty explosive, I vote for using most of the green hydrogen we can produce to power freight ships, locomotives and backup/peaker power plants. If there's enough left over then perhaps in homes.

Use it for heating and cooking food.

A good and balanced video and I think that the choice of energy storage should be on the use case rather than politics but that's not the world we live in. I'm not liking the twin-camera style you've been using in more recent videos. The disconcerting bit is when you turn from the camera while still delivering your lines and before transitioning to the other camera shot. Some of your transitions were cut so that you'd finished one sentence on the side camera then clean cut to the main camera and was much earlier viewing.

What could be a game-changer is if they discover a way to use the hydrogen produced by this technology to sythesize fuels similar to gasoline and diesel. Something along the lines of a Fischer-Trophe (not sure how it's actually spelled) process, but way more effient would be better.

Hybrid parabolic/photovoltaic would be much better for this. It would use the high temperature wasted heat to produce hydogen from water and the photovoltaic cell would have increased efficiency due to high light intensity.

The way we currently produce hydrogen it is not an energy source. It is basically a storage device, storing the energy that we have put in to extracting hydrogen from other components.

Hi, at the moment I fuel our AGA cooker on natural gas from the mains here in the Uk - Hydrogen is the only possible alternative fuel for the future. I truly want someone to succeed in separating hydrogen from water or air - and soon please.

If it was a 60 to 75 kWh battery where are you can of course plug-in at any traditional charging station. And then made me have an additional tank for hydrogen that can maybe produce another 30 to 40 kWh worth of power now you’ve got something that’s compelling enough. Because even if you don’t have 100 and filling station should still be able to travel around 240 to 300 miles electric only with a sort of range extender, it would still be fine for a road trips and you could just use the hydrogen at home as a means to charge up

You forgot one of the biggest issues! The damned stuff is explosive. You can be absolutely sure that your house insurance rate will blow up just as soon as the first house blows up killing all the occupants. Next you'll find that if your neighbor has one of these hydrolyzers then *your* insurance will go up too because a hydrogen car fuel tank's worth of explosive hydrogen is going to take out most of the block when the inevitable leak occurs. The stuff is odourless (and must remain absolutely pure or else you'll damage the fuel cell) so it's impossible to tell when it leaks.

All the BLEVE's will look fantastic.

Plasma Kinetics has a unique hydrogen storage technique that allows you to store hydrogen on a film. You don't have to compress hydrogen with this system so you cut out the major cost with normal hydrogen storage.

SoCalGas has a hydrogen home in Downey, CA. First of it's kind in the U.S.

Why couldn't we add electrolyzers to vehicles powered by the regenerative braking?

One kilogram of hydrogen in liquid phase is around 14 Liters, that is quite a bit of volume you need to store and will be used up by a catalyst stove in about a minute.

Good vid Bats will win out. Simpler, more efficient and in the minds of people-safer! And with Bat energy capacity increasing... Cheers

Why? Direct solar electricity is much more efficient. The complexity of a fuel burning engine to produce motive energy is crazy compared to the simplicity of using electric traction motors with the significant added benefit of regen braking. This is crazy! I was in the business of transporting cryogenic gases, including hydrogen and I can assure you that dealing with hydrogen is much more complex and dangerous than conducting electrons from solar panels to batteries to motors. Electricity is easier, safer, and much more efficient.

Big battery pack to produce hydrogen on demand just filled it up with electrolyte and replace elements as needed. No need for storage or to fill it up at the hydrogen station.

Put the high pressure hydrolyzer in a car with electricity coming from an overhead line, embedded in a roof deck that powers the car while "in network" The network also provides central computer control. The hydrogen is used when outside of the network - which would exist in urban, and possibly suburban or exurban, areas as well as on interstate and major highways. It would also be fed from home electric (solar, wind, central power, whatever). This means getting rid of carbon in non-urban areas (like most of Iowa). Roof decks would have solar and grass and streams (to maximize solar), just because we can - or they can simply be grass covered. Home electricity and internet would also come through roof deck system (or walls of roadway). On daily commute, car would stay in system in urban areas and drive you to transit and drive itself home - to return to pick you up from transit later. Nuclear power (made from recycled waste) would mostly power the system.

this was my thinking idea 10 years ago

never let it be known that given the same research and development in this industry that was used to perfect the ice car, the electric car is here to stay

How do each panel fit into the recycling system. They will not last forever. Right now I am hearing problems with solar pannel recycling.