Can Science Replace Blood Transfusions?

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Blood from a lamb, into a human - this sounds like a horror movie, but it’s actually the first recorded blood transfusion… four hundred years ago. In this video we look at how far we’ve come, and the century-long quest for the Holy Grail of transfusion medicine: synthetic blood.
00:00 Introduction
01:08 Why we need synthetic blood
02:09 What is synthetic blood
02:44 Why we can't use water as a blood substitute
06:38 Liquid breathing experiments and the 1989 movie The Abyss
08:37 Perfluorocarbon approach to liquid breathing
10:40 Creating synthetic red blood cells
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Credits:
Executive Producers:
Matthew Radcliff
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
George Zaidan
Scientific Consultants:
Jonathan S. Jahr, MD, PhD, FASA
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Associate Director of Programming for PBS: Niki Walker
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
#syntheticblood #blooddonation #blooddonation
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Can Humans Breathe Liquid Like in The Abyss?
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Blood Substitutes and Oxygen Therapeutics: A Review : Anesthesia & Analgesia
journals.lww.com/anesthesia-a...
A Review of Blood Substitutes: Examining The History, Clinical Trial Results, and Ethics of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers - PMC
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Making artificial blood for transfusions - American Chemical Society
www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pr...
Blood substitutes - Winslow - 1989 - Transfusion - Wiley Online Library
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/p...
Artificial Blood: The Future of Patient Care? - Stanford Blood Center
stanfordbloodcenter.org/pulse...
Oxyglobin | HbO2 Therapeutics
www.hbo2therapeutics.com/copy...
Hemopure | HbO2 Therapeutics
www.hbo2therapeutics.com/our-...
Oxyglobin | European Medicines Agency
www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicine...
Pacific Heart, Lung & Blood Institute - Artificial Blood
www.phlbi.org/divisions/blood...
Oxygen therapeutics: can we tame haemoglobin? | Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
www.nature.com/articles/nrd1307
Hemoglobin-based blood substitutes: oxygen carriers, pressor agents, or oxidants? | Nature Biotechnology
www.nature.com/articles/nbt06...
Nitric oxide scavenging by red blood cells as a function of hematocrit and oxygenation - PubMed
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16186...
Surgical blood conservation: Acute normovolemic hemodilution - UpToDate
www.uptodate.com/contents/sur....
History of Blood Transfusion
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Blood Lust: The Early History of Transfusion - Scientific American Blog Network
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Hemolysis and free hemoglobin revisited: exploring hemoglobin and hemin scavengers as a novel class of therapeutic proteins - PMC
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
The role of circulating cell-free hemoglobin in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury - PMC
Acute normovolemic hemodilution - PMC
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Pacific Heart, Lung & Blood Institute - Artificial Blood
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Clinical Results of Perftoran Application: Present and Future
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20 июл 2024

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Комментарии : 45

@ACSReactions 2 года назад

Bram Stoker’s Dracula is one of the first novels to feature a blood transfusion, but it was written before science had discovered blood types. To nerd out on the probability of the recipient receiving incompatible blood, see here: imj.ie/bayesian-analysis-of-blood-transfusion-in-dracula/

@robertharper3754 2 года назад

Synthetic blood would be one of trauma medicine's Holy Grail's, especially if it could be given universally and was shelf stable. One day I think we'll have either synthetic blood, or figure out a way to hack the human genome so well that we could grow vast amounts of cloned blood, the blood shortage we have is a very large growing problem. Thousands of people die each day because of a lack of enough blood that is accessible, the logistics of blood transfusion is another issue that sucks.

@orchdork775 Год назад

Imagine if we could genetically alter yeast or some other microorganism to be able to produce human blood! At the very least we could use modified yeast to create some of the base "ingredients" and then add in the more complex stuff ourselves. They already use modified yeast to create spider silk, so maybe in the future we'll have yeast blood! 😂

@llamallama1509 2 года назад

Why do we need a synthetic blood, why can't we grow real blood from cell cultures?

@absalomdraconis Год назад

Because that requires keeping the cells alive, without allowing the _wrong_ cells (e.g. bacteria) to stay alive. Artificial blood is a much more direct route to success, _especially_ if it's just used for supplemental or emergency purposes.

@Thinkgreatermanafestations. 10 месяцев назад

They want the sole and it gets the organs ready for harvesting.

@ginnyjollykidd 2 года назад

Thank you for donating blood. I've done it for years since I was 17, but I can't anymore because the Red Cross Nurses can't hit my veins. I think I stopped in my 40's after I had donated a number of gallons. All you who want to be a hero, be a blood donor. It is the easiest and quickest way to save people's lives. I gave platelets on an apheresis machine, and since I had normally high platelets, they took a double unit. (My platelets run around 250.) Blood replaces itself in a day, but these are young cells and they take time to mature. So you can give whole blood every 2 months. Other blood products can be given as early as one week apart. A unit of blood can help at least three people with packed red blood cells, plasma, and platelet units.

@Seattle206723 2 года назад

Because at $200.00 an up to $500.00 a unit. Yet people donate their blood for Free and you have created a very low cost, High Profit situation.

@RamonQuiro7 2 года назад

A really great interesting video. I learned a lot. Thank you

@RamonQuiro7 2 года назад

It's interesting thinking of this from an EMS standpoint (I am a newly certified EMT). Because people have accidents and injury and cancer patients need blood for treatment (I didn't know that until now). So, it goes without saying, haha, that it would be crazzyyy if we were able to synthetically create blood to help meet demand. I'd like to become a scientist to help solve the world's issues and make life easier. Someday lol

@TheMaskedRacoon1 Год назад

I heard of liquid breathing and perflorocarbons. I think it was in another video, except they didn't mention which perfluorocarbons they used. The mouse survived breathing the liquid saturated with oxygen got taken out so that they could have air in their lungs again. They were talking about diving.

@miriamrosemary9110 2 года назад

Great video, thanks! I've been wanting to donate blood since I was quite young, thinking how easy it was to really make a difference by just giving some blood. I even wasn't afraid of needles or anything. But sadly, by the time I got to the right age to donate, I couldn't for medical reasons. There was nothing wrong with my blood, but donating might have been bad for my health, so they wouldn't let me donate... oh well. I was quite disappointed. I hope people are encouraged to donate if they can, at least as long as scientists are figuring out practical synthetic solutions 😉

@mystifoxtech 8 дней назад

I was left anemic for months because of a blood shortage so I actually have a connection to this research

@NeighborhoodBasketCase Год назад

I have o- blood so I try to donate whenever I can but I often get turned away because I'm anemic. It would truly be amazing if science can replace real blood ! I just made an appointment for this Friday to donate my blood, wish me luck!

@TWFDeadzoneII 2 года назад

What if scientist genetically engineered an animal to produce human like blood?

@ACSReactions 2 года назад

Scientists have been working on using purified cow's blood as a hemoglobin replacement since the early 90's. www.nytimes.com/1991/02/25/us/us-approves-test-of-blood-substitute-from-cattle.html

@pyrazine Год назад

great video! minor correction though, natural killer cells usually your own kill virally-infected or cancerous cells through releasing perforin and granzymes to induce apoptosis. superoxide is used however in phagocytic cells like neutrophils!

@masarrash6018 2 года назад

Thanks alot 👍

@Embassy_of_Jupiter Год назад

In the end they'll probably make this building sized genetically human-like thing that just lives to produce oxygen kinda like Mystery Flesh Pit National Park

@tay012 2 года назад

No Morbius jokes? Wow, what restraint you must have!!!

@ACSReactions 2 года назад

Morbius? Haven't actually seen it, waiting for it to come out on LaserDisc.

@GrimLocke161 2 года назад

Whole lotta different stories to follow from this one.

@CaedmonOS Год назад

I panic from blood it makes me feel like I am going to pass out 😅 it would take more than just snacks to get me to go under the needle

@kimberlybahrs5176 2 года назад

Following

@Mobay18 2 года назад

Blood does not only transport oxygen.

@platosbeard3476 Год назад

I would have thought GM bacteria or lab grown tissues would have been promising candidates 🤔

@Thinkgreatermanafestations. 10 месяцев назад

The sole is with the blood.

@TheTattooedSoul24 3 месяца назад

Yeah, hopefully they find a cure for diseases like methemoglobinemia soon🙏

@JungleLibrary Год назад

Isn't it the case that artificial blood is available for use in dogs in vetenary practice quite successfully? Also, it wasn't HCl in breaking bad, they used HF.

@user-qp2ps1bk3b 2 года назад

why not growing real red blood cells in a vat or something?

@pseudomemes5267 2 года назад

That's a great idea. One many have likely had, it's probably just really, really hard.

@SeanBZA 2 года назад

Really hard, because you basically have to harvest bone marrow, persuade it to grow in an artificial substrate, and then give it the right chemical food, and the right chemical signals, in the right concentration, in the right order, at the right time to get the stem cells to divide into the dead end heme cells, while still having half the population of cells healthy and living to keep the reaction running.

@corperdragon1706 2 года назад

@@SeanBZA And I assume also verify that the blood you made are all O- type blood in order to have a universally accepted blood donation product.

@robertharper3754 2 года назад

It would have to be cloned through some serious genetic engineering, at a level we're just not capable of doing right now.

@gooblysgaming287 Год назад

There's no one that needs blood more than another... The reason they need blood is because they're losing theirs!

@gooblysgaming287 Год назад

@@gregoryford2532 No they don't you're a moron... Everyone has as much blood as they need... No one needs blood more than another person

@adcaptandumvulgus4252 Год назад

hep c but not hiv?

@yondie491 2 года назад

Great video, but, I am going to ask you guys the same thing I ask most of my favorite channels when I start seeing clickbait thumbnails. ... why? The red/yellow arrow/circle in 2022 is about as current and acceptable as "Number 7 will shock you!" in a listicle. Having eye-catching font is fine. The faces thing is fine. The red/yellow arrow/circle when 100% unnecessary (did we not understand what a bag of blood was without the arrow?) is... it's just intellectually lowering yourself. If that's what you need to do that's fine. It's just depressing. I'll still happily watch. If you don't see any boost in viewership, please consider not lowering yourselves.