Can We Make Buildings Truly Earthquake-Proof?

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Unlike other natural disasters, earthquakes are almost impossible to predict. For this reason, earthquake-proofing buildings is now necessary for all modern construction-luckily, engineers have come up with some amazing ways to protect our buildings and their inhabitants from when the next one might strike. Learn all about them with Olivia Gordon in this new episode of SciShow!
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Опубликовано:

3 окт 2024

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Комментарии : 410

@SciShow 5 лет назад

SciShow is supported by Brilliant.org. Go to Brilliant.org/SciShow to get 20% off of an annual Premium subscription.

@TheFlaptrapper 5 лет назад

The most brilliant people use Android

@nafrost2787 5 лет назад

You’re the first that introduced me to Brilliant and now I have a 49 day streak, and an annual premium subscription. Thank you.

@randomguy263 5 лет назад

Brilliant is great, however. I don't have enough money to buy a subscription. Oh, well.

@brianjonker510 3 года назад

I miss Olivia

@kytddjj 3 года назад

@TaiWanWaf 5 лет назад

Umph is now my favorite word

@ayeayeil7111 5 лет назад

*Skeleten exists you: UMPH!

@davidbarnett342 5 лет назад

I love it

@gwarscout1825 5 лет назад

Tuned Mass Dampers #17

@PotatoRed148 5 лет назад

Ooof

@vivek-dd5yo 4 года назад

ഊമ്പ്

@curtishammer748 5 лет назад

A few summers ago, I went to Taiwan to visit family. My first thought when I saw Taipei 101: It looks like the architects and structural engineers all got take-out chinese when they were in the drafting phase.

@洪旻勝 5 лет назад

Well, the design of the Taipei 101 is inspired by bamboo culm (or, its stem) segments. The serrated edges on said segments combined with the mass damper also reduce the effect of wind on the building (especially violent winds from typhoons) On a sidenote, I don't think Chinese takeout ("Westernized" versions at the least) exists in Taiwan (As a Taiwanese I don't recall) XD

@momsspaghetti9970 5 лет назад

*They went out for Boba

@cristianvillanueva8782 5 лет назад

Taiwan is china

@cristianvillanueva8782 5 лет назад

@@RayQiaoTW there is no peoples republic of china only one china ;v

@juch3 5 лет назад

@@cristianvillanueva8782 many taiwanese, hongkongers and macanese would like to be differentiated from mainland chinese thank you very much

@Master_Therion 5 лет назад

Undamaged building: Earthquake: Rumble, rumble, rumble... Damaged building: LOL you crack me up!

@tiffyw92 5 лет назад

Earthquake: *twerks* Damaged building: ROFLMAO (rolling on floor laughing my architecture off)

@gabecalderon2043 5 лет назад

Cringe

@gwarscout1825 5 лет назад

@@tiffyw92 when you've got it flaunt it. :)

@masterimbecile 5 лет назад

The designer of Taipei 101 has got some pretty big ball to put such a tall building in an earthquake-prone country.

@PracticeNine 5 лет назад

Badumm TSS xP

@jjjohnson8623 5 лет назад

masterimbecile Stupid!

@Gnurklesquimp 5 лет назад

@@jjjohnson8623 But masterfully so

@masterimbecile 5 лет назад

@@Gnurklesquimp One might even say... imbecilic

@normknapp4404 2 года назад

But have you ever seen him swing it ???

@FoodXBert 5 лет назад

I was inside Taipei 101 for a video I did. While I was in Taiwan I felt an earthquake for the first time. It was scary but taiwan is one of my favorite places to go. So much food and very friendly people.

@nattojelly8349 Год назад

Living in Japan, we were concerned with how strong an earthquake our future home would be able to withstand. We settled on a house that had the highest rating when it comes to earthquake security (?). It is build simply and mostly made of wood. I don’t know the secret but it has to have something to do with the building materials. I really hope there will be a discovery that can protect everyone in the future. Earthquakes are scary.

@theotherflash2625 5 лет назад

You guys spelled TAIPEI wrong (1:08). Just so you know.

@Starfals 5 лет назад

We got hit by a 6.9 quake here and half of the city was in a really horrible shape.. Quakes are VERY real and scary. We had more than 10 in the last 15 years. Nothing to joke about for sure

@thesuccessfulone 5 лет назад

My area only suffered aftershocks but my building still has a fault that splits it

@BobThef Год назад

Thank you, I'm doing a year 9 science assignment, and this is exactly what I needed! Cheers!

@jan-seli 5 лет назад

"many huge skyscrapers utilize massive swinging balls" Me too tbh

@NYCameraman 5 лет назад

At 5:41 the bridge shown, Queensboro Bridge, is not a suspension bridge. It’s a cantilever truss structure.

@MikkaPower 4 года назад

Nerd!

@sub2910k 3 года назад

@@MikkaPower 🤣🤣

@jth23271 5 лет назад

You’re awesome Olivia!!!

@IETCHX69 5 лет назад

yer creepy ,...Creepy .

@shadylane8672 5 лет назад

As much as I HATE earthquakes, and living in Alaska, technology has advance a lot since the '64 earthquake (wasn't there for that). The Nov 30 earthquake, for sure thought my building was going to collapse. Then again, we're built for this and went back to normal after a day. P.S. Love Olivia.

@julianjoosten3003 5 лет назад

Now THIS is a quality sci-show. None of that first grade topics.

@lawlerzwtf 5 лет назад

Oh god this is bringing me flashbacks of mechanical control systems class...

@hellcat1988 5 лет назад

I'm surprised you guys didn't mention something about the bridge that uses giant shocks with locking collars designed with prescribed failure to prevent sway until they're needed to stop damage from an earthquake.

@IETCHX69 5 лет назад

Yummy . I'm looking that up !

@hellcat1988 5 лет назад

@@IETCHX69 Glad I could help inspire curiosity.

@brunoratto253 5 лет назад

A name would be nice...

@hellcat1988 5 лет назад

@@brunoratto253 I don't think this is the bridge mentioned in the show I had first seen this idea used on, as those were actually ON the viscus dampers, but the Rion-Antirion bridge uses a similar system of viscus dampers paired with a "fuse restraint" that works in much the same way. Here's a pdf describing the bridge and the system as designed. www.gefyra.gr/images/user/Publications/fip_rion2.pdf It took a bit of google sleuthing to find that, but you should be able to use that as a starting point to find other bridges/buildings using the system for earthquake protection now that you know what to search for.

@brunoratto253 5 лет назад

@@hellcat1988 Thanks!

@rohanbansal2324 3 года назад

Groundbreaking stuff

@taichithelabrador Год назад

I'm here because of the news of Turkey

@AverytheCubanAmerican 5 лет назад

None of the Indian Ocean countries expected a tsunami in 2004 since none has ever happened that was that bad. That caught them off guard. Now they need to be prepared for future Indian Ocean quakes that could potentially cause tsunamis

@LEDewey_MD 5 лет назад

Not an expert, but I was under the impression that the area was in desperate need of both a better earthquake warning system AND a tsunami warning system that would employ buoys, and efforts had begun to address this. Even when the water level dropped dramatically hours before the tsunami hit, people were just walking around on the beach, oblivious. There's many videos on RU-vid showing this, (tourists had filmed using their cell phones).

@xmichaud 5 лет назад

I see Taipei 101 ... I click!

@TheFinktron 5 лет назад

In Japan they are making buildings that “float” so the the liquefaction of the ground during an earthquake has no effect. The same technique was used on a medical building in Astoria, Oregon

@albertlucero1980 5 лет назад

Very cool, do you know how they get them to float?

@lggamez169 5 лет назад

This video is really informative in a fun way keep up the good work

@kindlin 5 лет назад

A couple new systems you missed that are very cool are the post-tensioned rocking shear walls that are purposefully designed to rock, but not fall, and the joints of the rocking would be specially designed to not have significant damage post-earthquake, and some quickly-replaceable systems, like steel-sheet shear walls and some pre-manufactured products.

@UrvineSpiegel 5 лет назад

Tuned Mass Dampers seem like something that could be re-engineered into a banging club drop.

@dandandan18 5 лет назад

6:10 "if you download Brilliant's iOS app..." *shows an android phone

@Subparanon 5 лет назад

They accidentally their Iphone.

@zebedeesummers4413 5 лет назад

It's a generic non brand specific phone, its neither Android nor Apple...

@pierreuntel1970 5 лет назад

@@zebedeesummers4413 but it definitely not running ios

@zebedeesummers4413 5 лет назад

@@pierreuntel1970 yeah, just like literally anything that isn't Apple. My point was the image is quite likely deliberately not branded.

@_KingOfCalifornia 5 лет назад

Copyrights i imagine

@Ν11-φ9ρ 5 лет назад

I remember watching a documentary in Italy around 1990/91 about Skyscraper's erthquake resistant build technologies around the world, and more specifically the Twin towers project and how they messed up with the building's frame/struture's antiseismic spring system and shock absorbing technology ...and that they were eventually going to have to be demolished and rebuilt at some point in the near future ...TRUE STORY... That documentary does not exist anymore..... ....wiped off the records.

@student_of_God 3 года назад

Nature to engineers and vice-versa: "Our battle shall be legendary"

@joshchu 5 лет назад

I thumb up just because the thumbnail literally shows my apartment as a quarter of a pixel.

@DocDoesGamingTV 5 лет назад

My workplace too haha

@haveiszalfaroqie1628 5 лет назад

Mike: "I'm on a magazine!"

@Peppermint1 5 лет назад

Nice documented video. The real drama is actually at the residential level. Middle East, Asia, there are thousands of large cities and rural districts build on top of known earthquake risk zones. Poorer populations have been building their homes with low quality materials, with no seismic criteria, in countries where governments don't enforce construction norms. Millions of people live in such constructions. China, Japan, Nepal, Turkey, when earthquakes hit, the human drama is touching. Even in Japan, thought to be the safest place, in many large cities thousands of people live in poorly constructed houses (see Kobe earthquake). The drama is really touching, Kobe not only has been razed, the houses also caught in fire from ruptured gas lines. I hope something will be done with houses in poorer countries, perhaps there can be developed homes from prefabricated components respecting earthquake norms, made of materials other than brick and concrete. Some lighter and stronger constructions. We need to innovate because the need is important and earthquakes can decimate large areas.

@tonyp114 5 лет назад

mechanical engineer here. this video takes me back to vibrations class. when she said "frequencies the building is most vulnerable too" my mind immediately jumped to resonant frequencies

@andrewwright64 5 лет назад

The Taipei 101 is truly a marvel of engineering.

@Ryukachoo 5 лет назад

Living in San Francisco, watching nervously

@rainydaylady6596 5 лет назад

How do they determine a buildings frequencies? Especially if it's an older building.

@hieronymusnervig8712 5 лет назад

Math. Or dark magic.

@TitanUranusOfficial 5 лет назад

They just ask Kenneth.

@juhmickm4410 5 лет назад

Take a course called Structural Dynamics. The size/stiffness of all of the load resisting elements in a building can be translated into a stiffness/frequency for the structure in a given direction of movement.

@kinvert 5 лет назад

It can be mathematically predicted. They can probably also measure the frequency the building moves at various wind speeds etc.

@IETCHX69 5 лет назад

RainyDayLady Ask Nicola Tesla . winkwink

@ldesigner392 Год назад

fabulous, i like your style of explaining

@angelitabecerra 5 месяцев назад

Just look at how the ancient Chinese built the Forbidden City. PBS posted a video about it recently, specifically looking at how it survives earthquakes. And the design of those buildings are essentially perfect for earthquake prone areas.

@DuffyElmer 5 лет назад

What's the upper size limit on the "invisibility cloaks"? How big of an area could they cover? Would it be possible to just create a massive one that protects the whole city, rather than just that one building?

@albertlucero1980 5 лет назад

I am with you. How about putting them in the ground at different strategic spots around california and also around cities that way we get double the protection

@EleanoraElectra Год назад

Istanbul would definitely need one if they exist.

@joem1480 5 лет назад

Interesting know you can probably combine a lot of these Technologies as the years go by. You could have a counterbalance weight and a shield and a visibility cloak just as examples. Depending on how prone areas earthquakes it might be worth it investment wise to layer protections

@XSpImmaLion 5 лет назад

Wood was or is also making a comeback because of that, right? They figured out a way to make wood waaaay more resistant to fires, and then you get the benefit of it being flexible enough to resist earthquakes. Or so I heard. It's also interesting to look into japanese architecture... I was watching a doc about the reform they did on Tokyo Station. The entire thing was lifted to sit on top of a moving platform of sorts. The scale is baffling.

@realTLC 5 лет назад

I clicked because I saw Taipei 101. Go Taipei!

@SilverMoon925 5 лет назад

TAIWAN NUMBA ONE!!!!!111!!!

@realTLC 5 лет назад

@@SilverMoon925 yes!!! #taiwanpride

@mikerich32 5 лет назад

0:53 That's what I use as counterbalance when walking, especially when going commando.

@FinoClips 5 лет назад

As a chilean, I hope some day earthquakes can be predicted u.u

@loraxdavewalters2696 5 лет назад

Check out Quakewatch.net

@ekintopuz7594 5 лет назад

1:18 AS BAYRAKLARI AS AS AS

@Subparanon 5 лет назад

04:20 How to stop excessive vibrations: A series of plastic rings, and a couple of moon gels on the beater head

@AlldaylongRock 5 лет назад

I don't live in a EQ-prone area, but Portugal has history of taking some big EQs, we even came up with the earliest modern-world EQ-proofing methods, nowadays we arent giving a s*it about it and a big one is probably gonna wreck Lisbon and the Southern part of the country someday.

@gooldowen8811 4 года назад

very nice

@JeremyWS 5 лет назад

I like this method. If you can't predict the weather, make the weather cause less damage to infrastructure.

@KVuong-rv2hs 5 лет назад

Most earthquakes in Taiwan don't shake from side to side, they move up and down making them the more dangerous than the side to side ones.

@webtere 5 лет назад

Where do you get the impression of your first sentence? That's simply not the case...

@KVuong-rv2hs 5 лет назад

@@webtere in live in Taiwan and we did a study on earthquake movements and earthquake mechanism. If you live in Taiwan, you can see the scares of the aftermath, some cracks in the landscapes are dislocated vertically. We experience quakes that goes up and down and then seconds later side to side. You can look up the types of earthquakes. Also look up earthquakes in Taiwan, we have earthquakes every day, most are not strong enough to feel it.

@webtere 5 лет назад

@@KVuong-rv2hs I have been living in Taiwan my whole life and the side to side shake is usually the most noticeable part of a quake. Yes the vertical jump is what hits the hardest but horizontal one is what lasts longer.

@KVuong-rv2hs 5 лет назад

@@webtere I don't totally disagree with you, the most dangerous ones are the ones that starts with vertical and few seconds later horizontal. It happens usually together making is most dangerous. Quakes in Taiwan don't go side to side only when talking about dangerous quakes, that is what I was trying to point out. The light magnitudes either side to side or up and down are harmless, we won't feel them. Counting from all quakes that happens every day in Taiwan, up and down beats the side to side.

@KVuong-rv2hs 5 лет назад

@@webtere Since you agree that devastating impacts are vertical ones involved, that video only talks about side to side, you understand my point? We are studying and updating their mechanism in order to safe life. I am involved with Taiwan government construction administration. I am not Taiwanese, but collecting data in Taiwan and East Asia. The damper in Taipei 101 does not only work well on side to side, but also up and down. People from non earthquakes area are misled that quakes only happens side to side, while the most dangerous ones start with vertical and end with horizontal.

@user-fq2ty 3 года назад

The problem is not how to resist an earthquake, the problem is how much money do we have to build X structure.

@bruceliu1657 5 лет назад

Wouldn't the lead contaminate the ground water?

@Kiwi-ICU-RN 5 лет назад

Well, all of that is great for horizontal shaking, but in the Christchurch EQ, we had vertical shaking which meant the ground fell out from under the buildings at more than 2 x the speed of gravity. Hopefully they're working on that, too.

@LEDewey_MD 5 лет назад

Excellent update on earthquake technology! Thanks, SciShow! (Not a "science" topic is the socioeconomic factors of architecture, where cost is a factor in how well buildings themselves are constructed to limit damage and mortality during an earthquake,...but that's a whole other discussion.) Thanks again for this presentation!

@SpiralBreeze 5 лет назад

So basically they need to build a bunch of giant shake weights to bury under the painted ladies before the big one hits San Fran.

@dnwr5224 5 лет назад

Living in Seattle this is reassuring to see

@Sgt-Gravy 5 лет назад

Do a similar video on flood protection please!!

@rzvn7 5 лет назад

*"Umph"*

@mathyoooo2 5 лет назад

Olivia is my favourite host

@Somethirdthing 5 лет назад

Interesting vid!

@rickharold69 5 лет назад

Awesome !

@r9s3l14 5 лет назад

the mass dump creates a Big dense to a building,meaning it stays still because it weights large,like a dumbell when you shake it it stays still its because of density

@benjaminchi1989 5 лет назад

The closed captions say Brilliant.COM/SciShow instead of ORG :P

@Kazwire 5 лет назад

who would win? Earthquake vs. *one protected boi*

@DocDoesGamingTV 5 лет назад

Still don't want to be inside Taipei 101 when an earthquake hits. I was only on the 4th floor last time and it felt like the building was going to snap in half

@ericpham7974 2 года назад

To save the building is shock absorbing and balance conserving but to save the city a floating foundation that can be anchor by steel wire ir hydraulic column to act like damping absorb all seismic wave to prevent from resonance and a large building if float up we can counter earth rotation speed and acceleration normal speed is 10 km per hour

@aunusuallylargecat1779 5 лет назад

Tectonic plates: *_am I a joke to you?_*

@Viscous_Dampers_For_Houses 3 года назад

Cool 👌

@jim1550 5 лет назад

0:52 Oh no. This chat is gonna be awful...

@YounesLayachi 5 лет назад

I'm disappointed no one said anything about it lol I did my part though

@brigittederoch Год назад

The Plejaren on planet Erra build houses that are semi-spherical or spherical in shape. (they sustain tornadoes and hurricanes much better) Building materials largely consist of a resistant metal alloy or synthetic material that is primarily from sand, similar to silicon. Each home has it's own water and energy supply. Not a single smoke stack pollutes the atmosphere on Erra! (they use geothermal energy). Houses and buildings are not constructed from small pieces, that is, made from stone or cement blocks and so forth. They are made as single units from synthetic materials. There is not one seam anywhere. Furthermore, they are constructed on systems of springs or as floating bodies. Multi-story, helicoidal buildings exist but no sky scrapers.

@Wemdiculous 5 лет назад

Can you put those “invisibility rings” around a downtown instead of just one building?

@o76923 5 лет назад

Probably not. The rings are designed to absorb which frequencies would be most important to that specific building. Covering all of them for every big building sounds like a challenge.

@Wemdiculous 5 лет назад

Well maybe not every building, but I would guess there are still a lot of buildings that would share frequencies... Maybe it would be worth doing it for 10 frequencies, or maybe only 1 but it would probably not be not worth it for any.

@o76923 5 лет назад

@@Wemdiculous, I honestly have no idea how specific the frequencies are.

@Wemdiculous 5 лет назад

aren't the frequencies a property of the building materials used?

@squeaky2384 5 лет назад

Lmao just tape the tectonic plates together

@ArikaPF1 5 лет назад

My dyslexic brain heard it as Architextures lol That aside this is pretty cool actually

@Account1746 5 лет назад

Technology lit

@rk.7 5 лет назад

4:19 - 4:20

@daveschaefer8706 5 лет назад

'Massive swinging balls' lmao.

@thesuccessfulone 5 лет назад

Olivia saying "giant swinging balls" made me burst out laughing.

@hrfjio7455 5 лет назад

Just make buildings float. Problem solved

@franchocou 4 года назад

Tsunami

@neomt2 5 лет назад

What about combo hurricane, volcano and earthquake proof?

@viveksinghchauhan7496 4 года назад

Earth is not throwing earthquake at us !

@isaacthek 5 лет назад

"Harry's invisibility cloak was significantly less useful than he thought when he realized it only made him invisible to earthquakes."

@UtkarshGamingNetwork 4 года назад

What

@youngy7112 4 года назад

Watching this for homework lol 😆

@Viagra_risk_PERMANENT_insomnia 4 года назад

viscous dampers

@xdazamx 5 лет назад

I'm surprised the tree resonators/reflectors (can't remember proper term) didn't come up. About a year ago a study into placing trees of increasing lengths near a building was shown to act like a reflector for surface waves. Perhaps no more has been heard :P. live.iop-pp01.agh.sleek.net/2018/01/25/how-forests-could-limit-quake-damage-to-buildings/

@ruileite4579 5 лет назад

Build them on Mars There they'd be EARTHquake proof

@JinalDoshi91 5 лет назад

I resisted saying this because overall the video is great. But in reality, Structural engineers provide tuned mass dampers to reduce the wind-induced accelerations in buildings for occupant comforts and not for seismic protections. I design high rise buildings in earthquake-prone regions like the US west coast and in no tall building, you will see tuned mass dampers as a seimsic solution. Because buildings respond at different frequencies while tuned mass damper can help a building at one particular frequency, it becomes useless in earthquakes as the response of a building is more often at high frequencies rather than primary frequency that the TMD was tuned to. A much more efficient solution is using viscous dampers. Even in TAIPEI 101, the dampers excitation during an earthquake was inconsistent again because of the high-frequency nature of the ground motions. The engineers themselves would not have counted the damper as the source of energy dissipation in seismic excitation.

@carlosdavila9551 2 года назад

Maybe in the futures not just but them in buildings but all around till we be safe from earthquakes even if we playing ball at the park

@markschultz2897 5 лет назад

0:03 Nice Pun

@barstiryaki4441 5 лет назад

Türkiye'den izleyen var mı?

@tgjaedan 5 лет назад

Everybody just ignoring the easy solution...make your buildings fly. It's 2019 for Pete's sake!

@darkenergy7526 4 года назад

2020 now

@Jemini4228 5 лет назад

Who else first found out about Teipei 101 from the 5th Artemis Fowl book? :)

@andrewcraig1074 5 лет назад

Those books are great.

@42069memes 5 лет назад

3:08 they're literally just standard 3D printing architectures lmfao

@o76923 5 лет назад

I assume that there's more to it than that. They don't just give out doctorates willy nilly.

@raffic4715 Год назад

Tanjore Big temple in South India,,, made by Interlocking rocks and a huge weight on the top with no strong foundation,,, withstanding for 1000+ years!!!

@Shaden0040 5 лет назад

No matter how EQ proof you make a building Mother Nature will make a bigger EQ. All you can do is make EQ resillient buildings, buildings more likely to survive and keep its inhabitants alive.