Cardinal Thomas Wolsey's Dangerous Document?: The Eltham Ordinances

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Let’s take a look at a moment that may have proved foundational to Thomas Wolsey’s eventual fall. We’re going to talk about the Eltham Ordinances…
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Intro / Outro song: Silent Partner, "Greenery" [ • Greenery - Silent Part... ]
SFX from freesfx.co.uk/Default.aspx
Linked videos and playlists:
Wolsey - Material and the Man: • Cardinal Wolsey: Mater...
Images (from Wikimedia Commons, unless otherwise stated):
Portrait of Thomas Wolsey by an unknown artist (1589-1595, based on a work of circa 1520). Held by the National Portrait Gallery.
Portrait of Henry VIII, attributed to Meynnart Wewyck (c.1509). Held by the Denver Art Museum.
Drawing of Henry VIII dining in his privy chamber from the circle of Hans Holbein the Younger (c.1548). Held by the British Museum.
Illuminated title page of Valor Ecclesiasticus, the survey of the lands and wealth of England's monasteries prepared for Henry VIII (1535). Held by the National Archives.
“The Great Chain of Being” from Retorica Christiana, published by Diego Valdes (1579). Digitised by Getty Research.
Portrait of Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, by the “Master of the Brandon Portrait” (c.1530). Held in a private collection.
English: Portrait of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham by an unknown artist (1520). Held by Magdalene College, Cambridge.
Copy of a painting of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, from Brenan, Gerald and Edward Phillips Statham. The House of Howard. Vol I. London Hutchinson and Co., 1907. 86
Screenshots of excerpts from the Eltham Ordinances from www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/e...
Portrait of King Henry VII by an unknown Netherlandish artist (1505). Held by the National Portrait Gallery.
Portrait of a Man in Red from the German/Netherlandish school (c. 1530-1550). Held by the Royal Collection.
Detail from “The Westminster Tournament Roll” showing Henry VIII tilting in front of Katherine of Aragon (1511). Courtesy College of Arms.
Copy of an engraving showing Henry VIII in Council, from Raphael Holinshed’s Chronicles of England of 1577. Reproduced in A Brief History of Wood-engraving from its Invention by Joseph Cundall, 1895.
Quoted texts:
The Eltham Ordinances reproduced at www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/e...
Also consulted, were:
Relevant entries from The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Online.
#History #Tudor #Wolsey

Опубликовано:

10 авг 2023

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Комментарии : 468

@kirstena4001

I think Wolsey overestimated his own power and underestimated King Henry's ego.

@clairepancerz9744

OMG - if you offered classes, I am SO IN. Listening to you is always a delight (and I want you to earn a livable wage from everything you share with us).

@HawkeyeBrooke

I think both Wolsey and Cromwell suffered from the same problem-they were much too confident in their ability to outsmart the nobles and in Henry’s friendship. When you get to the top, there’s nowhere to go but down so they clearly knew threats existed. For both of them, they always managed to wriggle out of danger with their wits and Henry’s favor. When they kept coming out in top, they started to think they were invincible-they saw the threats coming, but assumed they could beg Henry’s forgiveness, remind him of their good service, and come out unscathed. And they always did, until they became overconfident and blind to Henry’s shift in attitude. When they finally realized, it was too late. Their letters and appeals to Henry for help at their end always seemed shocked and desperate to me-they clearly thought it couldn’t happen to them.

@kimberlyperrotis8962

I think Wolsey’s Ordinances were written primarily to remove his personal enemies from easy access to the king, he had to dress these up somehow to make them palatable to the king. It’s interesting that the insults always directed at Wolsey and Cromwell by the nobles were that they were “low-born”, they couldn’t fault their actual work for the king. One of the very few things about Henry VIII was that he was willing to employ the men of greatest merit, not just the highest-born, for the work to run the state. I don’t otherwise have a very good opinion of Henry.

@grtlyblesd

I’d love to hear more about how Cromwell felt about Wolsey’s fall. Having witnessed his patron’s downfall, he must have been able to read the signs when he himself fell out of favor.

@tsuritsa3105

I always find the stories of Thomas Cromwell, Thomas Cranmer and Thomas Cromwell to be among the most fascinating stories of the reign of Henry VIII. These weren't the usual suspects of the period and they had such an enormous impact on Henry, on England and on history. <3

@misskitty2710

Loved this video!💯

@markyoungman7267

American author, Jack London, often wrote about the lethality of a poor imagination. I think Wolsey suffered from a poor imagination. He couldn’t imagine a day might come when he could no longer keep Henry and the Council under control. When it happened, I’m sure he was dumbfounded.

@conemadam

I have always been slightly aghast at the rapid downfall of Wolsey, and then, Cromwell. Humble backgrounds, meteoric rises that held considerable power. How, then, were they so trusting of Henry? Surely they knew what went on around them. Duplicity and feints are always “the highest science of the court,”wrote Corneille 2 centuries later. I have

@gooseberrygoosusberrius4171

I'm so happy Fire Mountain is an advertiser on your channel. I shop with them, and they are absolutely wonderful. Love your content! Infotainment is my favorite genre!

@octavianpopescu4776

I don't know if there's already a video on this topic, but I would be interested in learning more about the court factions, since they're also mentioned here. Which families were allied with which, which families were rivals and what were their ideologies (I get they didn't have ideologies in the modern sense, but still they must have supported some policies, at least on religion). Thinking about Henry's dead wives, it seems to me there was more to it than just Henry being tyrannical, but there were others with an interest they should fall. We know Cromwell had a hand in the downfall of Anne Boleyn and they did argue over what to do with the monastery money (give it to the King vs invest in education, so they did have some policy goals) and that someone left a note to Henry informing him about Katherine Howard's past. So, I'm wondering, who were these groups and what did they stand for (beyond accruing titles for themselves and their friends).

@elizabethbetts3834

The best part of my Fridays! I always look forward to the topic and Dr. Kat’s presentation! 🎉🎉

@jeanneorton2853

I always find it Amazing that in courses of Tudor History That a rare few Take the time to bring forth the Actual inner workings of the Court. This is the First time that I have heard that there were set limits of the inner Chambers and for the access of the King and his Queens...I had always assumed that only Favoritism was the factor..

@leesnider4363

The cases of Wolsey and Cromwell demonstrate just how arbitrary and capricious Henry could be, even when he was relatively young and still sound of mind. Neither servant did anything that in any way ran contrary to the King's wishes. Their only "crimes" were that they failed in their tasks, despite their strenuous efforts to serve the crown well. Wolsey and Cromwell were loyal but, in matters of great importance, ultimately ineffective. They didn't deserve their fate. Henry was vainly influenced by the enemies of Wolsey and Cromwell, and that alone accounts for the king's unjust treatment of his high-placed officials.

@gonefishing167

I think Wolsey ended up having a lucky break. I think he thought he’d done so much for Henry that he was safe. Never, he overestimated himself and underestimated Henry. Once he built Hampton court his days were numbered even if Henry himself didn’t quite know it yet. It would be really interesting to know if anything was wring with Henry. He did seem to change after that accident. Or the pain from that ulcer drove him mad. His medical treatment for it would drive anyone nuts. Thank you again Dr Kat, you never let anyone down with your videos. 🪶 📜 👑 🙏🙏🙏👵🇦🇺

@denisehill7769

Think about office politics now; there's often someone who assumes their relationship with the boss means they're protected from all possible repercussions - and how often are they proved wrong. Wolsey may have been cunning, and educated, but maybe not quite as self-aware as he should have been?

@Sarcasticron

Your videos are always so fascinating! I'll often click on them because it's you, but I don't care at all about the topic, so I'll be thinking maybe I'll just watch a bit. But then I can't stop listening, and all of a sudden I'm captivated by whatever medieval rando you happen to be talking about. I'm glad you're doing RU-vid, so everyone can listen. Like Jackson Crawford is always saying, this knowledge shouldn't be hidden in ivory towers of academia. Keep up the good work!

@lindamayer4424

Your videos are so informative, accurate and addictive. ❤❤❤

@Avenue_ad_Astra

I always wonder where the assumption that Wolsey and Cromwell did not foresee their downfall comes from. I think they did - they were both intelligent and had informants everywhere. However, once the tide starts to turn there may simply not be a way to escape it in time. Former allies see it too and switch sides, communication too slow or intercepted, and so on. I think we likely do not know the full extent of what both of them tried to do to change their fate. As for these ordinances, I think the King wanted a more manageable number of advisors and more control and oversight, hence the micromanagement. I suspect Wolsey knew it would not increase his popularity, but as it was likely the wish of the King, it might not have been possible to refuse, so he tried to use it to his advantage. That is entirely speculative of course and perhaps it was Wolsey's idea to begin with, but in my mind, he is someone who thought along the lines of "Keep your friends close..." and factions scheming where he could not see them would have been worse...