Cladistics Part 1: Constructing Cladograms

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Before we dive into learning about all the different kinds of animals, we have a little bit of work to do. How do we describe the relationships between animals? How does phylogeny work? We have to learn about cladistics, which means we have to learn how to build cladograms. What are those? Let's find out!
Script by Ryan Helcoski
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Опубликовано:

16 ноя 2021

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Комментарии : 101

@arethysa 5 месяцев назад

just dropping by to say thank you for this series! i've been looking to study these topics independently as a hobby but i was always overwhelmed by the mountains of information i had to sift through. being guided through the basics has been the most helpful thing! many cheers, professor!

@liser5566 2 года назад

I´m studying biology and it´s a good way to explain cladograms and phylogenetics :) Also it´s so important to diferenciate between homologous characters and analogous characters, since analogous characters can lead to false phylogenetic hypotheses

@PunmasterSTP 2 года назад

I'm just curious; how are your studies going?

@The_Jovian Год назад

Are cladograms possible to make with certainty if you are unaware of which similarities are homologous and which are analogous?

@glennpearson9348 2 года назад

Great presentation on cladograms, Professor Dave. Love this stuff!

@naveenchand8402 2 года назад

Please upload more videos on Organic synthesis challenges and mechanism challenges. They really are helping alot.

@PunmasterSTP 2 года назад

Oh yeah that'd be awesome! I like videos breaking down individual reactions and mechanisms, but I think it's the synthesis (and retrosynthesis) questions that really tie everything together and lock in concepts.

@AestheticallyViolet 2 месяца назад

Thank you so much! We have an evolution test tomorrow, and I am feeling confident now thanks to you!

@unwono 2 года назад

This is very cool 👍 I've always liked these videos thanks for making them

@blazikenafonso2758 2 года назад

Very informative video! Thank you!

@RamiK101 2 года назад

This was brilliant! Thank you

@SCIPROlearning 2 года назад

You made it so simple 👍👍

@svenwagner9852 2 года назад

Nice and very good explained, especially for non-scientists like me 😎👍

@rickschofield3131 2 года назад

Excellent video exemplifying the absurdity of the term more evolved

@karunootvlogs 2 года назад

A lot of thanks to you professor

@nicholasbailey6622 2 года назад

Starting around 8:30 you mention that traits like flight or warm-bloodedness would be bad traits to choose for cladistic grouping as they are both examples of convergent evolution, not homology. While that's demonstrably true of those traits I feel like the way it's phrased almost implies we should choose traits that we know will give us an answer we pre-determined. It seems to me that really what you'd want to do is have as many traits as possible so that you can separate out homologous and analogous characters.

@MisterWillow 7 месяцев назад

Yes, this point deserves more explaining indeed. It seems like it is a random pick now.

@user-yr5yl6zt5l 2 года назад

I love your playlists

@l_wnm 4 месяца назад

Wow! Haven’t found good explanations in my native language an decided to switch over to English - so will explained, thank you!

@complicated_smurf7476 Месяц назад

im joining the professor dave cult i love these videos so much!!!! LOVE U DAVE

@brittanyjacobson5199 2 года назад

Thank you, this is a topic that I love. Your explanation is very good.

@vincentheartland2088 2 года назад

While the clades cannot indicate chronology in the sense of an amount of time in absolute units nor do they imply a causal relationship, the phylogenetic tree of life must indicate them as branching in the order of their appearance, right? It works by assessing when that trait first appeared in a given lineage thereby separating that lineage from its parent group, right?

@AkselWaage 2 года назад

Really glad you're covering cladistics!

@PunmasterSTP 2 года назад

Would you also say that you are..."clad"? 😎

@rickschofield3131 2 года назад

I would love to see a video how to incorporate convergent evolution in this type of system how would you incorporate a divergence and a convergence into this system as it would not account for all previous divergences being present on 2 converged characteristics. Would they have to be kept separate but the same?

@liser5566 2 года назад

Convergence can never be used to carry out a phylogenetic study since it is given by analogous characters, which are different in convergent groups Only derived homologous characters can be taken into account to make a cladogram

@S1nwar 2 года назад

i bet this will spiral out of control and end up with a 1 hour crocoduck debunking because creationists reacted to this video like flatearthers to the other one.

@danbrisson432 2 года назад

I agree, very informative for those scientifically minded but for some it will be misrepresent by the “ Whack and Atheist” group or AIG news even though it has nothing to do with religious theology. This is taught even in Mainstream Colleges like Georgetown, (Catholic ), Syracuse ( Protestant) to name a few.

@szxnv Год назад

appreciate you dave!

@aditidharwadkar1749 4 месяца назад

Thanks professor Dave😊

@marccolten9801 2 года назад

Clades are relatively new to me so I welcome this video. Still I am confused. Clades do not seem to be diagnostic but illustrative of decisions you have already made. You can reject similarities because you already know to reject them, like flight. I remember a statement from another RU-vidr’s video that an animal is “... carnivorous, but not a carnivore”. Or that a certain creature belongs in a certain group despite not having a defined characteristic. I’m not sure I see what good they are if you can include or exclude a creature at will. But I’ll keep watching. Thanks.

@Angelmou 2 года назад

I assume the difference between homology and homoplasy will be explained later in detail.

@amyjojones1005 3 месяца назад

Teaching a gizmo to 8th grade- this was perfect, thank you

@Dailylisten72 Год назад

i will cry from this course

@prernakaushal3211 Год назад

Nice explanation 😄

@mikefochtman7164 2 года назад

But what about independently evolved characteristics?!?!?! (watches rest of video) Oh... um... yes, I see. Never mind.... :)

@StudyFocus-np2sf 8 месяцев назад

Thank you😊

@jayzelapy Год назад

thank you

@benjamindover5676 2 года назад

Flashback to 8th grade. Sad that education failed these people.

@ProfessorDaveExplains 2 года назад

Who?

@tiedeman39 2 года назад

@@ProfessorDaveExplains Flat Earthers and young earth creationists, most likely

@SirAlecYT 2 месяца назад

This guy just explained my full Cladograms unit in Biology that ive been learning in school in less than 11 minutes. Thanks Dave

@manuellaconde9562 8 месяцев назад

thanks

@PunmasterSTP 2 года назад

Cladograms? More like "Glad-ograms", because I'm really happy that you're covering these topics!

@cos_meme8858 Год назад

If i ace this test your getting one sub.

@eldersprig 2 года назад

Don't house cats have quantum effects? Or this the wrong playlist?

@cryptocoinkiwi8272 Год назад

They can teleport if you sneak up behind them.

@apeearth6335 2 года назад

YES! YES! YES!!!!

@DeepakTrader 2 года назад

Love from India🇮🇳

@scratchoriginalsdh Год назад

I need to build a cladogram using primitive and derived characteristics, abcdefgh and ABCDEFGH, respectively. Of course the letters are mixed for each of 6 mystery creatures (1,2,3,4,5,6). The example cladogram starts the bottom branch with a capital "A", so this has me quite confused. Shouldn't each new branch show the next trait as a lowercase? I wish they were just giving physical characteristics as you have done.

@Dr.IanPlect Год назад

Do you want to go through this?

@scratchoriginalsdh Год назад

@@Dr.IanPlect thank you, I appreciate the offer, but class is long over and done with. I actually survived the question, and ended up with an overall 86 in the course -- not my best showing.

@Dr.IanPlect Год назад

@@scratchoriginalsdh No problem, 86 what? %? If so, !!!

@scratchoriginalsdh Год назад

@@Dr.IanPlect yes, that was a percentage. I believe forensic analyses of the human pelvis is what did me in, in that course. 🤣 I am taking online classes and I believe a hands-on experience would have made all the difference. (My in-person anthropology courses had me averaging a 3.9 GPA, so any number under 90 is hard to swallow).

@Dr.IanPlect Год назад

@@scratchoriginalsdh High self-standards! I'm from the UK so I had to look up where 3.9 puts you on the scale, _highly_ ! By the way, I simply have to get this bit resolved; "The example cladogram starts the bottom branch with a capital "A", so this has me quite confused. Shouldn't each new branch show the next trait as a lowercase? I wish they were just giving physical characteristics as you have done." For easy reference throughout my queries, I'm using the cladogram in this vid 0:58 - are you referring to (what you likely _now_ know to be) the root? In other words, the bottom piece of line pointing toward the o in cladograms... - or do you _actually_ mean where the lizard is? (bear in mind, your test cladogram was likely rotated 90 degrees clockwise based upon your wording 'starts the bottom branch'. Or otherwise, where, in regard to the vid cladogram was that A?

@elbee2324 2 года назад

I suspect that humans were deliberately chosen as not the final point of the second main example, to clearly show that having humans above all or the end point is not the point of this system. Something tells me that might be a common misconception for some. :-\

@nickconnel5562 2 года назад

Thank you so much biology Jesus i got an A cuz of this

@swoyaman4969 2 года назад

Hey dave what happend to the debunk series that was too fun do sadhguru next!

@ProfessorDaveExplains 2 года назад

I will get to some more debunks eventually, I'm just taking a couple months to get ahead on my academic content.

@swoyaman4969 2 года назад

@@ProfessorDaveExplains sweet

@Iamtheskidoostig 2 года назад

Is Cladistics replacing Taxonomy? I feel like I don't know enough about either to answer my own question.

@secularidiot9052 Год назад

Taxonomy is a hierarchal classification system while cladistics is a conceptual classification system. Taxonomy covers how a group of organisms has something in common while cladistics focuses on how individual animals have something in common. Taxonomy covers all organisms while cladistics hones in on animals and plants. Taxonomy is broad, cladistics is specific. Neither one replaces the other.

@Iamtheskidoostig Год назад

@secularidiot9052 much appreciated!

@Dr.IanPlect Год назад

@@secularidiot9052 That's a vague, inaccurate comparison and representation of each. As I've now told him, KONG should disregard your comment altogether.

@Dr.IanPlect Год назад

@@Iamtheskidoostig That reply was a vague, inaccurate comparison and representation of each. You should disregard that comment altogether.

@secularidiot9052 Год назад

@@Dr.IanPlect Well, it was not meant to be a specific comparison. It was just supposed to be a rudimentary description and explanation on why one doesn't replace the other. If you believe that you can provide a better one, then be my guest. If you do have a doctorate in this field, then you would be far better at explaining this than I would.

@JustinBrown-wc1ph 4 месяца назад

thank you, my lab made it super hard to understand

@user-lm7mx7uj9m 11 месяцев назад

Great....🎉

@lokeshjoshi5672 2 года назад

🤩🤩🤩🤩 wow

@joanne_byun 4 месяца назад

7:30

@jamiegallier2106 2 месяца назад

❤❤❤

@Iwatoda_Dorm Год назад

5:47 7:20

@SV42165 2 года назад

Hair like Reńe Descartes.

@andreikleinerumpon3506 8 месяцев назад

Hi classmates

@CrackyCartoons 2 года назад

I fucking love you

@rickrhay 4 месяца назад

Dave, how are you still pronouncing it 'spee-shees'? It's "species," like "specific." We don't say "spe-shific" so we don't say "spee-shees."

@ProfessorDaveExplains 4 месяца назад

That's not how English phonetics works. I'm saying it correctly.

@rheiagreenland4714 3 месяца назад

Both 'speeshees' and 'speesees' are valid and common ways of p pronouncing it

@rickrhay 3 месяца назад

@@rheiagreenland4714 Amongst us biologists, it's something of a shibboleth, to tell the difference between fellow scientists and media presenters.

@rheiagreenland4714 3 месяца назад

@@rickrhay i think if you're determining expertise or scientifc integrity based on minor pronunciation differences in already ambiguous words you're doing it wrong

@rickrhay 3 месяца назад

@@rheiagreenland4714 I don't know about that. Specificity matters in science. But hey, feel free to pronounce it any way you want.

@GainesMusic 2 года назад

Lots of funny words

@hollikistvanfodrasza6937 2 года назад

Dr. Kent Hovind dislikes this.

@bighairyviking387 2 года назад

I think you give that charlatan to much respect by referring to him as a doctor, considering his degree is a fake that he bought.

@tfdinformation7534 Год назад

This is worst then math

@Dr.IanPlect Год назад

Your priority is grammar.

@tfdinformation7534 Год назад

@@Dr.IanPlect what do you mean?

@Dr.IanPlect Год назад

@@tfdinformation7534 ffs! Read your comment...now mine!

@tfdinformation7534 Год назад

@@Dr.IanPlect 🌚🌝 how can i understand Greek language or latin , it's stupid to use it , it just make things worst , why don't they invent a new language and teaches for us instead of this mess

@Dr.IanPlect Год назад

@@tfdinformation7534 Nil to do with Greek or Latin! It's YOUR comment!