Dark Energy & The Big Rip - Sixty Symbols 

These were great interviews. Now, after 6 years, I would love to hear an update on the Professor's experiments. :D

"Smooth Tension" sounds like a contemporary jazz ensemble.

I love how calm and collected Professor Copeland is. I could listen to him talk about this stuff all day.

24:30 "Gravity sucks" - Professor Ed Copeland, 2014

This is the exact type of thing I like seeing on this channel

Sixty symbols, one of the best channels on RU-vid

When I type in Professor Ed and then type a space, this bro is the first guy to come up. That's how baller he is. Real talk.

Ed should put out a line of mugs w/ sayings: "I like my coffee like I like my energy: smooth & dark." for starters.

"The forces which bind us together are more powerful than the dark energy that's trying to pull us apart" Lol, he sounded like Yoda for a second there :P

I'm working overnight at home on forced quarantine, all alone and really quiet, listening to this soothing video... so peaceful! little moments of joy. I'm loving it

Thank you prof. Ed and Brady. I have no words to say how thankful I am for these videos. I was waiting for the last one of this series anxiously! Thank you very much!

24:47 "Just because you put on a bit of weight over the last few months and you've grown, you can't put it down to the accelerating universe" Thanks, Professor Ed for the gym inspiration I needed

I love this guy's voice, he's so calm sounding. Makes all this complex stuff sound less intimidating.

I love how science and scientists are usually so open to all kinds of different explanations and theories. Ed here for example said he's working/worked on all three popular possible explanations for dark energy. Which isn't to say that science is open to "anything" mind you, it has to be a well defined consistent theory.

"You've been ripped by, You've ben pushed by, A Smooth Tension Tuturutururutu, tururutu, tururutu..."

Fascinating subject, thank you Pr. Ed Copeland & Brady for putting this interview out, it is of a rare quality. I feel privileged

That moment that the professor is exited in his explanation and smiles but while doing so realises that most people don't quitte get what he means and therefore he then revokes his smile :'-)

It's lovely to have a true physics expert who is so enthusiastic about his subject.

As I watch these videos, I get a tad frustrated because I get stuck and can't follow seamlessly a segment, then all of a sudden he pulls me in by explaining in a way I can understand! What a great feeling to grasp even a small part of the puzzle!

DUST!!! Finally, I heard someone define what is meant by dust. I've been waiting for this definition for a very long time. Thank you, Professor Copeland.

What an awesome field of science to be an expert in, must feel a beautiful thing to be alive in the mind of Ed Copeland

Short version: Don't panic. The universe is probably just going through a phase.

Probing Ewoks? That was a Star Wars film I didn't see.

24:55 roasted

Dr. Copeland and Brady make a rare team. I've watched every one of these and I beseech you to make more! Actually, with every member of the Sixty Symbols, and Periodic Videos and Numberphile teams!

What a privilege to hear cutting edge theory from this great mind

Whenever I feel a bit depressed, after hard day at work etc, Prof. Copeland's videos are the ones I go to. Physics and astronomy aside, there's something therapeutical about the way he talks.

Lol, looks like if you shoot for the moon you WON'T land amongst the stars, since the space between us and those same stars is expanding faster than a speeding bullet. That's right kids, if you shoot for the moon you'll die a cold, lonely death in the unforgiving, hellish vacuum of space.

Just because you put on weight, you can not put it down on the accelerating universe :) :) Headshot! 24:45

Are you doing a video on the BICEP2 result?

I really admire Professor Copeland's ability to describe such complex ideas in way that allows me to understand them (a bit, at least). I could happily listen to him for hours on end. Makes me wish I'd taken far more physics classes when I had the chance.

after a night with friends talking about their odd convictions (light is alive and have conscience, dark matter is empty space between atom's nuclei and electrons around, life after death end resurrection) i have to thank you really hard for these 30 minutes of peace.

Smooth Tension. Stealing this for a band name :P haha

Wow. That was deep and complicated.

Brady, you are an insane journalist. You can stay focused on things like this and not only that, ask coherant and interesting questions. You're truely a gift to the world

I will have to watch this video at least five more times to understand what he is saying. Great video. Brady, you are making an amazing contribution to science, heating up curiosity among general public. Good job!

Few things make my morning like a new 34 minute Sixty Symbols video.

I'm in some bad back pain, this took my mind off it for a while, thank you! I have so many questions about dark energy and dark matter, this has been one of the best videos for me that you have put out :)

Thank you so much for these video's Brady. I'm a computer science major, but physic's like this is something I'm truly passionate about and I don't think I would have any other good source for supremely intelligent conversation or explanations on the topic if it wasn't for you and your videos.

To me, dark matter and dark energy sound like the same thing: Something between galaxies, that is 'pushing' on the galaxies. - It pushes a galaxy together, seen as dark matter. - It pushes galaxies apart, seen as dark energy. (oh, and I don't think either was properly observed on smaller scales...) - Maybe _very empty_ space has 'negative gravity' and effectively pushes matter away from itself.

I can listen to him ALL DAY

Wasn't Smooth Tension a Kenny G album?

Fascinating video & brilliantly explained. I can't believe I actually understood most of that. I'm sure they'll crack it in the end. I hope I'm still alive when they do.

Yet another incredibly interesting interview. Thank you so much for taking the time to make these.

this was absolutely EXCELLENT!!! what a great video!

24:48 S A V A G E

Ed's becoming one of my favorite humans to learn from. The chill is real with Ed.

I've been coming back to these every year or so and I gotta say I learn more every time. I'd love to see an update on how things are, since it was a few years now!

24:48 no chill

19:01 "So it's just Kind of this Insidious thing that's everywhere that's just making it get bigger." :O Dark Energy is McDonalds! Quick someone tell the astrophysicist!

Brady has been producing many high quality videos in his channels lately, keep up the good work! Love it.

Amazingly I was able to understand, on a basic level at least, almost everything in this video. And it's because Mr. Copeland explains so well.

Wonderful questions and understandable answers. Thankyou guys,

Question: If galaxies further away appear to be moving away faster. doesn't that mean that longer ago it was moving away faster and expansion is actually slowing down? Question 2: Why should the pressure come from inside the known universe? It can also be a pulling pressure from outside the known universe.

Such a calming and soothing voice! It makes great lullaby, while still teaching.

Great work, Brady & Prof. Copeland!

Excellent video, watched the whole thing n loved it.

From what I understood, dark energy's effect is negligible in areas with high matter density, and weaker in areas where there is less matter. During the Big Bang, was it, at first, immensely dense? If it was, does that explain why dark energy was weak at first, but then, as maybe matter became more spread out due to its momentum, dark energy became strong again with greater influence?

Fabulous trilogy. The most erudite explanation I have ever seen of such complex matters. Was it Einstein or Arthur C Clarke who said the the universe is not only strange. Its stranger than you can imagine.

Finally! I've been waiting for this one for a while now, thanks for the great stuff you put out.

I love Big Rip Theory! Anyone interested in this subject should read Arthur C. Clarke & Stephen Baxter's 'The Time Odyssey' series (3 books) as it's a central theme :)

Isn't gravitational influence decreasing inversely proportional to the distance squared, according to our current understanding? What if it isn't as "clear cut" and instead of decreasing asymptotically towards 0, goes negative into repulsion over extreme distances? Well. I have no idea what I'm talking about tbh. but it sounds somewhat strange to me that unlike all other elemental forces, gravity has no counterpart...

Really like these long form videos, especially for difficult subjects.

This guys's brilliance was really put on display when he corrected his own answer with 'well it is pushing, it is already part of the system'....most impressive!

"Space between the galaxies is stretching" That's the question, though. Is it stretching, or is it growing? If it was stretching, the dark energy density should be dropping. Since it does not appear to be dropping, perhaps space is growing in tiny discrete cells.

Aw. He was so excited to get his cup. :( Someday I want to see the cup.

Ed's quite good at explaining things. I really enjoy these videos, as well as the numberphile vids. Full props to Brady!

Thank you Brady and to professor Ed Copeland for making this incredibly insightful video!

17:20 Did, did he just suggest that we might literally end up with a negative space wedgie?

If dark energy rips everything apart in 'the end' aka far far future, isn't that in contradiction to the strong nuclear force? If a proton gets riped appart it would produce an endless stream of quarks which would produce new particles and high amounts of gluons. That would surely either bring the big rip to a halt, if the dark energy would not be high enough to overcome the strong force, or create endless amounts of mass that may cancel out the force of dark energy. Sadly I am not able to do the math for this anymore.

I've been waiting for this, thanks Brady and Ed

These videos on the extended Ed Copeland interviews are great!

Einsteins theories didn't work on the small scale, it is entirely possible they also do not work on the very very large. I am a very skeptical person, but seeing how the physics we experience on the macro scale emerge out of the alien world of quantum physics, really makes such ideas plausible, that a different physical model emerges out of Einsteins' model of general relativity. Eventually, i do feel that even the physics of the incredibly vast will be able to explained all the way down to the perspective of quantum physics, but honestly, the scientists cannot and will not wait that long, and I totally understand if a new field of physics will need to be created in the meantime :) I would be perfectly happy with 3 separate physical models, as long as they solve problems and answer questions. I have no hope that all models will be united in a singular model before my death however. It is simply too hard of a question with too much incomplete data. If you had a fish that was as smart as Einstein, but lived all his life at the bottom of the ocean, and you asked it to draw the picture of the earth, could you imagine what he would draw? It would be so utterly wrong, even if incredibly clever, because the fish was missing too much information to possibly happen to imagine such a thing as the earth as it is. And this is the disadvantage I feel we are in when trying to model the universe.

just from this video i thought maybe the universe is conical in shape and everything in on the curved face of the cone and so it has a tendency to accelerate down from the tip (where the big bang happened while also spreading away from everything else as it gets wider towards the base , in this thought gravity would still have effects on other close things and would bend the face of the cone as in einstein's theory. thats what i got from this video , im probably completely wrong but i always think up things like this trying to think outside the box and maybe one day i might be right

I love the long form interviews. Keep them coming.

Mr Haran & Professor Ed Copeland, thanks a lot. I really loved this video.

I'm a bit confused about how dark energy could pull apart a gravitationally bound object (like a galaxy). Unless dark energy is increasing but I thought dark energy was either constant or decreasing and that it's only increasing relative to the pull of everything else because unlike matter/dark matter/radiation it's not being diluted by the expansion. So I can understand how other galaxies will eventual be accelerated out of view but within a gravitationally bound object the push of dark energy is surely constant. Right?

"gravity sucks" that's what I got from it

Thank you for this video. Really enjoyed this series.I hope the stats on there are good because I'd definitely like to see more like this. Good work Brady!

Really been enjoying these longer format videos, thank you!

What does 'down the gym' mean?

Hang on. maybe i'm oversimplifying. but if time flows differently in the presence of matter. i.e planets, blackholes etc. then we are looking at the gapes between galaxies in our slightly slower time reference frame in our galaxy. in free and open space, that is space between galaxies between galactic filaments. time would be passing faster at it's true natural flow rate. which also effects the speed of events unfolding in the reference frame which is driving the galaxy acceleration. I don't know how to do the math for this, i'm terrible at math.

Always such a pleasure listening to Professor Copeland.

Love how in depth this is! Great job

Lol @ 24:50

Bacon.

I can listen this man for hours. Great job Brady.

Watching this trilogy felt like an actual privilege. Thank you for sharing your knowledge with us.

What if the universe isn't expanding, but just spinning? And this "dark energy" is just the normal acceleration, which is why it's got uniform density?

"Dark energy" is a bad name, since once we can detect it, it's no longer dark. The scientific use of the term "universe" to refer to the small part of reality we can see is yet another very bad use of language.

Love these long-form interviews!

Amazing video/interview. This really is fascinating, thank you!

Since Dark energy and dark matter as well has never been proven to exist outside of mathematics, isn't studying the source of those things akin to studying the source of fairies or leprechauns?

I'm sorry but as interesting as the subject is and as much as I appreciate the 30min contribution to help spread this knowledge, I get tired and bored of watching the video because it's essencially a radio show with image. As I see it there are two options here: if you're going to use image, make it dynamic, envolving and interesting (you don't see many television shows with 1 shot, do you?) or don't use image at all and host a podcast or something similar. Please take this as constructive criticism. Cheers!

At 31:00 The single photon in a box example was right-on. Very clear concept. That helped tie the whole video together, along with the tapering hand gestures. Thanks for the video, Brady.

I really enjoy listening to Dr Copeland; he has a very calming effect and doesn't condescend or implicitly belittles the listener/layman. I love Sixty Symbols and it has rekindled my fascination with science and cosmology. Thank you.

My guess is that the 97% won't be found as there is nothing to be found and we have misunderstood something important.

At 15:11 he said "The data suggests..." but he should have said "the data suggest" to maintain subject verb agreement because "data" is plural. Unsubbed for lack of grammar.

Awesome questions and great explanations for a mind-blowing topic! Thanks Prof Copeland and Brady!

"The forces that bind us together are much stronger than the dark energy trying to rip us apart". Quite an inspiring little sentence in light of political and social events over the last few years