Betelgeuse might explode (in the next 150,000 years) - Sixty Symbols

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Professor Mike Merrifield pours some cold water on Betelgeuse - but also explains what will happen when it DOES explode.
More links and info below ↓ ↓ ↓
More videos with Mike Merrifield: bit.ly/Merrifield_Playlist
Mike is an astronomer at the University of Nottingham - he tweets here: / astromikemerri
Neutrinos from Beta Processes in a Presupernova: Probing the Isotopic Evolution of a Massive Star: iopscience.iop.org/article/10...
With thanks to Ed Guinan
Visit our website at www.sixtysymbols.com/
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bit.ly/NottsPhysics
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Sixty Symbols videos by Brady Haran
www.bradyharanblog.com
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4 мар 2020

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Комментарии : 519

@matsv201 4 года назад

"I bet a fair amount of money that it will not go in my life time" all right,, there is two possibility 1: it goes... and he need to pay a fair amount of money 2: ... it doesn´t, and he get a fair amount of money when he dies. This is not a good betting strategy

@matsv201 4 года назад

@PikPobedy Yepp.. if that would be possible to bet of things happening before once death.. i would bet a bilion dollar on freaking everything. It don´t matter if i lose 999 out of a 1000.

@refrashed 4 года назад

Theoretically, it would just go to next of kin, like a life insurance policy with a very strange stipulation.

@matsv201 4 года назад

@@refrashed Its not legal to transfer blanko liabilities to next of kind

@refrashed 4 года назад

@@matsv201 There are no liabilities because it's already been paid for. If it explodes before he dies, they would simply keep the money. Meanwhile, if it's still intact when he dies, the return would be paid to next of kin. Betting on something doesn't mean you "promise" to pay it back, like a loan. It means you paid money in the hopes of getting more back.

@Rodzynus 4 года назад

@@matsv201 Is it a liability though? Bookies take money when you place the bet so at this point if you lose, the money has already been paid. You or next of kin can only receive money.

@Metroyeti17 4 года назад

2:08 the perfect Minecraft villager noise

@KnowledgeLabZero 4 года назад

@sahilbaori9052 4 года назад

OMG!!

@rubenpinamonti7125 4 года назад

LOL

@Elitematt74 4 года назад

8:31 General public: "It's quite sad almost" Physicists: "It's pathetic, really"

@R1ckr011 3 года назад

So British 🍵

@PuzzleQodec 4 года назад

8:14 B. - So a star spends all that time burning fuel, over millions of years, but the final fuel event is something measured over hours? M. - Hours, yes, literally hours, so it really is that frantic, but it's desperately trying to stay alive and so it's using up all the fuel it possibly can B. - It's quite sad, almost M. - It's pathetic, really B. - It's like it's drowning Best analogy I've heard.

@giacomohermesferraro6673 4 года назад

"They should have bets on astronomical events" "I bet you could" Well done, sir

@TheExoplanetsChannel 4 года назад

@wiggles7976 4 года назад

That's just a bet on making bets.

@marvelous1358 4 года назад

@@wiggles7976 betception

@TheManglerPolishDeathMetal 4 года назад

I could listen prof. Mike for hours

@Macfanize 4 года назад

Ford Prefect will not be too happy about this.

@Plons0Nard 4 года назад

How about Zaphod ? Or Zaphod the Fourth, grand grand dad ? 😊

@projectmalus 4 года назад

He can use his towel to cry into.

@Slarti 4 года назад

Don't panic!

@pedroscoponi4905 4 года назад

Something tells me Ford wasn't terribly attached to home...

@mal2ksc 4 года назад

Neither will Michael Keaton. Michael Keaton. Michael Keaton. (disappears)

@pansepot1490 4 года назад

This must be the twentieth video about Betelgeuse that I watch. 😄 I feel I could go on tv and be interviewed as an expert on it. 😁

@sixtysymbols 4 года назад

Are you available?

@priyanshupradhan4388 4 года назад

@@sixtysymbols classic Brady

@galacticbob1 4 года назад

@@sixtysymbols I agree! I don't think you have made a video on the Dunning-Kruger effect yet. 😝🤣

@R1ckr011 3 года назад

@@sixtysymbols ::surprised Pikachu::

@H1TMANactual 3 года назад

When is it gonna explode?

@thePronto 4 года назад

"Somewhere inside Betelgeuse, there might be the remains of a civilization." "Well fried, yes." "How do you want your civilization deary? Well done?" "Yes, please. And can I have some scraps?" "That will be 25p extra. Is that alright?"

@avenged277693 3 года назад

Is that supposed to be happening at a diner?

@forestmahoney5446 4 года назад

There actually is an early warning system in place - it consists of seven detectors from what I remember - including HALO (the Helium and Lead Observatory), Super Kamiokande, and IceCube. The system is aptly named SNEWS (Super Novae Early Warning System).

@valeriavagapova 4 года назад

I never even thought of this before, but now I really want to witness a supernova in my lifetime.

@pauljackson3491 4 года назад

I am ambivalent. I want to see a supernova but the sky will be just a little sadder missing the star. And Orion will be missing his shoulder, that's gotta hurt.

@zhiqiandu3110 4 года назад

Paul Jackson Orion will have a really beefy shoulder for some months and later a gamma rays flashing shoulder

@mutantgeralt 4 года назад

Yeah, I wonder what will it entail. I mean, how much do we love constellations? I mean, they are arbitrary are they not? We could turn orion sans betlegues into a new constellation, there can be stories about sacrifice and rising from the remains.

@geitekop507 4 года назад

Love it! This is why I study to be a scientist. Thanks, @Sixty Symbols

@sixtysymbols 4 года назад

You're welcome.

@nicosmind3 4 года назад

14:57 So its basically one of the few stars that is also a lava lamp!

@justincronkright5025 4 года назад

'Few' is like so many other terms here... Relative :)

@roku_nine 4 года назад

Its a giant blob of nuclear fusion.

@nicosmind3 4 года назад

@@roku_nine Like i said, lava-lamp :)

@TheRealGuywithoutaMustache 4 года назад

It's unfortunate that we might never be able to witness the explosion. 150,000 years is a long time for humanity to survive.

@silverhawkroman 4 года назад

We've been humans for 200,000 years, we're like cockroaches: there's always a few remaining

@IYPITWL 4 года назад

@@silverhawkroman ... Pre-nuclear man had it so easy.

@BrownOpsLeak 4 года назад

RIP humanity

@2ebarman 4 года назад

I actually got thinking, can we perhaps prevent this explosion? There is a chance in those timelines.

@jukahri 4 года назад

@@2ebarman No, and we wouldn't want to anyway.

@lamp7777 4 года назад

It's weird to think that it if exploded now we wouldn't know for 642 years.

@illustriouschin 4 года назад

Orion is my favorite constellation and the only one that I can reliably spot right away. It would be a shame to mess up the shoulder.

@kigozimuhammad 3 года назад

well there will still be a neutron star left hanging. plus a big enough bright nebulae . that shoulder will be more epic than now imo

@BFBThraShEr 4 года назад

Ahh Merrifield, my fav scientist

@matbroomfield 4 года назад

Damn, I'd better start hoarding toilet paper!

@alazrabed 4 года назад

Never too much prepared before the big explosion.

@matbroomfield 4 года назад

@@alazrabed Now are we still talking about a stellar explosion of friday night curry event?

@alazrabed 4 года назад

@@matbroomfield We're talking about the kind of explosion explosive enough to grant you escape velocity. Saturday morning or not.

@matbroomfield 4 года назад

@@alazrabed lol

@kellyjackson7889 4 года назад

Uranus enters the chat?

@projectmalus 4 года назад

Collect the bets into a fund and use the interest to buy telescopes.

@redaxecat9206 4 года назад

I was going to bring up that paper at 6:26 I work with one of the authors on my research and another one of them taught the core courses in my physics major.

@wholelottared6166 4 года назад

love these longer videos.. now more frequent videos please and thankyou

@avinotion 4 года назад

I'll take quality over quantity any day. Except it's quality over quantity, so I'll have to wait.

@DanielRenardAnimation 4 года назад

Before seeing the reports of the dimming taking place, I actually did look up at the night sky, while walking my mothers dog and I was genuinely surprised at how faint it had become, wondering if it had already gone off and just kind of... fizzled out, unexpectedly. I occasionally still stare at it, hoping it will suddenly just... flare up and illuminate the night sky! The initial light being emitted from the blast, must be quite spectacular! ⭐

@fep_ptcp883 4 года назад

Another awesome lesson by Prof. Mike Merrifield

@retepaskab 4 года назад

8:58 top right that's a cool graph, look very unscientific yet it's in a paper

@Danilego 4 года назад

Hey, that looks just like my doctor's handwriting!

@HappyBeezerStudios 4 года назад

Or those orbital graphs from when planets appear to go retrograde.

@Debrafeem 4 года назад

Yeah! It shows how sporadic the core temperature of the star is, as it contracts burns and contracts further, searching for more material to fuse!

@bigpickles 3 года назад

I love these videos. Especially because they create me a hunger for going down educational rabbit holes and spending money on my Kindle!

@dahemac 4 года назад

All the while there is a tiny something behind the fan atop the cabinet above the professor’s left shoulder (on our right) waving frantically.

@AstroMikeMerri 4 года назад

dahemac it’s my perpetual motion machine, but, shh, don’t tell anyone!

@SharpAssKnittingNeedles 2 месяца назад

@@AstroMikeMerriFound Mike in the wilds of RU-vid! 😮 Would love to have you autograph my copy of Galactic Astronomy!

@dementionalpotato 4 года назад

I can’t stop paying attention to that little thing behind the fan that won’t stop rocking back and forth.

@jackielinde7568 4 года назад

Sixty Symbols: It's never about HOW you say it. It's always about HOW MANY TIMES you say it. Everybody knows that.

@mal2ksc 4 года назад

Repetition legitimizes. Repetition legitimizes. Repetition legitimizes.

@thesuccessfulone 4 года назад

2.9999-

@photonicpizza1466 4 года назад

@@mal2ksc Bass-ics of all nomenclature

@denislemenoir 4 года назад

Nice video! Re supernova - There’s another great video on this topic by Cool Worlds that discusses that a supernova is actually not guaranteed and the star could implode “winking out” with great literature references in the description

@TheRedPython 4 года назад

Surely if we have a manned mission to Mars he will win the bet. The astronauts will be on Mars and they are a form of life. Better find that betting slip!

@mutantgeralt 4 года назад

They have to FIND life on Mars, not click a picture of any life on Mars. The difference is pretty clear

@Jekubman 3 года назад

@@mutantgeralt So what to do is go to Mars with at least two persons and play hide and seek... Find the other and you're in profit!

@SolaceEasy 4 года назад

"Well fried." Sounds like Professor Merrifield loves him some fish and chips!

@SolaceEasy 4 года назад

How very British

@douglasgrant8315 4 года назад

150,000 years from now eh? Well I guess I should have something to worry about shouldn't I?

@haroldbridges515 10 месяцев назад

Excellent explanation.

@helicocktor 4 года назад

I remember watching this man like over a decade ago when he was still rocking sunglasses and leather jacket. How time flies

@thirdcoastpartners 4 года назад

Mike is my favorite of the Sixty Symbols/Deep Sky hosts. He looks quite peaked lately compared to older episodes. I hope he's not ill....

@sacredkinetics.lns.8352 4 года назад

Love your philanthropic mentality. Thanks for sharing your knowledge. Humanity needs it. 💫👽💫

@dylanhubert6871 4 года назад

Could you do a video on the unification of the forces? I think I get a general idea but I'm still confused and I'd be really interested to learn about that : )

@ffhashimi 4 года назад

It pronounced : Bayt ALjawza, which means literally "the House of ALjawza", ALjawza is the The Gimini.. Actually in Arabic astronomy they call it : "Mankab ALjawza" which means : the shoulder of Gimini.though the Orion constellation this star in Called : "ALJabar" which means: The Giant.

@alijassim7015 4 года назад

*Thumbs Up*... Although to be precise, "Al Jabar" does not really mean The Giant, but The Mighty.

@mal2ksc 4 года назад

@Toughen Up, Fluffy _Is_ a giant. He's still tall enough to need a double B in his name (it's Abdul-Jabbar). As for the pronunciation, English is notorious for stealing vocabulary, spelling it correctly if it's in a Latin script (even though it uses a completely different mapping of sounds to letters) or making something up otherwise, and then everyone coming up with a new and possibly quite unrecognizable pronunciation of their own based on the spelling. Betelgeuse is far from the only victim.

@tiihtu2507 4 года назад

But how English people would pronounce it : Bay All-jaws .... Not sure if that's an improvement over Beetlejuice.

@johnpepple3456 4 года назад

House? Where do you get that? I've always heard that it was armpit, and Wikipedia agrees (for whatever that is worth). You're right about Mankab al-Jawza' being the current Arabic term, but that supports my claim that it was originally armpit, because mankab is shoulder.

@ffhashimi 4 года назад

@@johnpepple3456 As I said it's real name is "Menkab ALjawza"; Bayt ALjawza as have been said is the corrupted name, house of Aljawaza is the literal meaning of this corrupted name.

@carnsoaks1 4 года назад

Wildest anthropomorphising of a Star's thermonuclear core I have ever seen. "it's desperate!"

@sterisharms1468 4 года назад

Calling it "1987A" makes it sound like it only happened in one timeline but not the others

@ZappaBlues 4 года назад

If Betelgeuse goes BOOM in my life time, I will consider it a lottery win.

@michaelpettersson4919 4 года назад

If it does chances are that you will not see it since it isn't really in our close neighbourhood so it will take a couple of centuries before we can see it. It is of course possible, thou unlikely, that it have already blown.

@ZappaBlues 4 года назад

@@michaelpettersson4919 What I mean it is that has already gone BOOM and light show has just arrived to earth,

@SolidSativa1 4 года назад

If it blew up tomorrow, it would be over 600 years before we would know

@fnersch3367 4 года назад

Neutrinos will take about 4.5-5-5 hours to escape that envelope and will give us that little bit of warning.

@CaptainAhorn 3 года назад

I thought the sign in the thumbnail was “Beware, Death Star Crossing.”

@clutchyfinger 4 года назад

Whoa! Look at that fuel getting burned! So intense! Mike- hmph. Pathetic.

@SmithyOneTwelve 4 года назад

Paused at 8:36 to talk to someone. Looked at my screen and couldn't help but laugh. Typical mad scientist!

@davidpnewton 4 года назад

"So somewhere in the middle of Betegeuse might be the remains of civilisations." Erm no. A 10 solar mass star lives nowhere long enough for that to be the case. 10 solar mass stars last 20 million years or so total. That's enough time for planets to form but not really much more than that. Then they go boom and vapourise any planets that have escaped being engulfed by the star's supergiant phase.

@davidpnewton 4 года назад

@@weye scientists and the Fermi paradox.

@justincronkright5025 4 года назад

Is 20 millions years enough before it gets engulphed? I thought that massive volcanic activity, much like those convections in stars would keep any planets from having a nice form or shape to them. Plus they would be spinning faster too, although I'm not sure how much that would assist in deforming the planets other than at the equator... and molten/liquid rock and such maybe have intra-adhesive properties such as the hydrogen boding of water. It would be interesting to see the full picture there. Also 20 million years would be from the star's perspective not the planet's, so the gas and dust wouldn't have even settled by then.

@joshuacoppersmith 4 года назад

We have precisely one example with the evolution of an intelligent--or any--species: Earth. From this it is impossible to draw any scientific conclusion. We should instead say that untested theory would predict... Science demands evidence. Period.

@andrew20195 4 года назад

@@joshuacoppersmith It's not impossible that intelligent life evolved in the Betelgeuse system in the 10-20 million years it has existed, but based on what we know of the complexity of organic chemistry, it is exceedingly unlikely.

@ekscalybur 4 года назад

@@joshuacoppersmith We have more than one example. There have been 5 mass extinction level events in Earths history. Some of those 'events' nearly spanned the ENTIRE life cycle of a 10 solar mass star. Each of those events, since life first appeared, took MUCH longer than the life span of a 10 solar mass star even with the massive head start of each event NOT being a total extinction of life. With that head start, several times the life span of a 10 solar mass star passed since the last mass extinction event before intelligent life sprang up. Life, let alone intelligent life, has zero chance to have developed around Betelgeuse. 20 million years is a literal astronomical eye blink.

@scynx 4 года назад

Since I don't use twitter I have to bring it up again in here and hope you see it: Any chance for a video on these repeating radio signals from space?

@Mr.Cucumba 4 года назад

At first: Thank you for the effort to make all these fantastic videos! I've had the idea for another when i watched this one. You've said, that we (humans) don't quite know how spectacular phenomena like a supernova would look like if we hadn't observe one before. Wouldn't it be interesting to compare human made Interpretations of supernovae and so on to investigate which one is the most plausible? greeting from Germany

@rtpoe 4 года назад

Of course, as long as it doesn't go off in the middle of the summer, for weeks ahead of time amateur astronomers will be looking up at it going, "Geez, Betelgeuse is looking really strange lately. Better tell the professional astronomers..."

@DanDart 4 года назад

"Bootlegors" - somebody in one of the greatest comedies

@alazrabed 4 года назад

Crazy to think it's only ten times as massive as the Sun and yet is a thousand times larger.

@riccardoorlando2262 4 года назад

It really is quite fluffy.

@alazrabed 4 года назад

@@riccardoorlando2262 Yeah, just a sweet blanket I bet.

@macnutz4206 4 года назад

Damn, you can't count on anything anymore. Even the stars are stressing out and blowing up.

@deidara_8598 4 года назад

I'll be honest and say that if I'm taking a trip late at night and see a supernova go off on the night sky, I'd be fucking horrified and run back home.

@timewalker6654 4 года назад

When is a new sixty symbol video coming?

@NoahSpurrier Год назад

“A watched pot never boils”.

@JochemKuijpers 4 года назад

Correction for 3:25: 20 Feb 2019 should be 20 Feb 2020.

@erictaylor5462 4 года назад

"We will get a warning" but only if we have a reliable way to detect neutrinos.

@cahrnol 4 года назад

Well fried...🤣

@IanGrams 4 года назад

I just heard there's new evidence it is indeed a dust cloud thrown off causing the dimming so it seems Professor Merrifield was spot on at the end :]

@brettbreet 4 года назад

What's that oscillating thing near the fan throughout the video??

@trapper1211 4 года назад

oh man I'm glad it's not the Bazelgeuse

@kricketflyd111 4 года назад

When will there be an app for neutrino alarms?

@johnopalko5223 4 года назад

Once the supernova fades, what will be Betelgeuse's magnitude? Will it still be usable for navigation? Right now, the dimmest of the 57 selected navigational stars is Acamar (θ Eridani), with a magnitude of 3.1. Sure, we're talking maybe 150,000 years in the future but it never hurts to plan ahead. 😁

@garethdean6382 4 года назад

From what we can guess around magnitude 2-4, and almost all of that will be its nebula. (Hence the variation since the nebula will be growing both larger and dimmer over time.)

@Yezpahr 2 года назад

What is that perpetual motion machine next to that fan? It just keeps wobbling throughout the video.

@clemstevenson 4 года назад

I've been shot with a neutrino gun, and I can back that claim up by quoting the absence of evidence associated with being shot by a neutrino gun.

@jackielinde7568 4 года назад

Betelgeuse: Shut up! I'm not dimming! You're dimming! And I'm not crying, either... I just got dust in my eye. Stupid humans on a stupid little planet saying mean things about me, like "You're gonna blow up soon!" and "Hurry up, and explode so I can see it." Yeah, I used this joke on another video's comment section about this same thing. I think Betelgeuse still needs some love and a hug.

@jackielinde7568 4 года назад

Professor Merrifield: Part of the reason nobody knows is because it really is a very messy system. It's big, extended, bloated kind of thing... Betelgeuse: Look who's calling who a "bit, extended, bloated kind of thing..."

@SharpAssKnittingNeedles 2 месяца назад

Thank you for the laugh four years later 😂 I needed that!

@Ice_Karma 4 года назад

0:35 Yeah, okay, Orion was the first constellation I was taught to recognize, but... I've lived in areas with ridiculous light pollution for a long, long time-the last time I visited my home town there were so many starts in the sky I couldn't locate *anything*. =(

@MichaelDavis-zu2ko 4 года назад

Wait... There are actually professional businesses that make money by agreeing to random bets proposed by customers? Am I the only person here who has never heard of this?

@OnkelPeters 4 года назад

The long awaited Betelgeuse video!

@jeanbigboute 4 года назад

Thank goodness we're back to real science and scientists on Sixty Symbols.

@mikeyoung9810 4 года назад

Thanks! I'm going to pack my bug out bag right now and start stockpiling milky ways!

@itsoknotobeok9669 4 года назад

You are the best

@tonyelsom6382 4 года назад

For all we know it happened in 1321AD already, in which case we'll see it go next year... 💥

@angee9996 3 года назад

I was today years old when I realized that Betlegeuse is an actual star and not just some lore of Hitchhikers Guide

@superman9693 4 года назад

Nice! But why isn‘t there a biology channel? 😔

@agentk3984 4 года назад

I just realized betelgeuse dimmed around 700 years ago and its just now getting noticed.

@bradybroderick8856 4 года назад

Love the videos!

@KilluminatiMujahad 2 года назад

That is so cool, I wish I can live to see it.

@MorganEarlJones 4 года назад

Thank You Scientist, very cool.

@francoislacombe9071 4 года назад

What is that small square thing moving back and forth on the file cabinet behind the professor? 🤔

@batman3698 Год назад

I would love a new video with the shortened time estimation!

@erictaylor5462 4 года назад

11:00 Was Ford Prefect a neutrino? Because he said he came from the general direction of Betelgeuse.

@AngDavies 4 года назад

Professor merryfield's jumper seems to have a bit of a shimmer to it? Dunno if it's a flickering light or some kind of moiré type deal but it's slightly distracting. Has sixty symbols done a video on moiré patterns? Seems like a fair idea for a video Great video otherwise

@the_hanged_clown 4 года назад

but if it DID go supernova, how long would it take before we detected such?

@ricardoabh3242 4 года назад

We need to see the Booker paper slip!

@asamcqueen3513 4 года назад

Abt Al Jouza, essentially "beetlejuice" is in the category of close enough, "bay tell guys" likely isn't. It just translates to "the armpit." I actually used the dimming of Betelguese as a current event in a class recently. Made for a fun topic. Now I just need to go bet a dollar on million to one odds that it goes up in my life time.

@patrickhoward3892 4 года назад

Just to be understanding... - The 'current' dimming took place almost 600 (or more) years ago. The light of that dimming is just now reaching us. So Betelgeuse might have exploded centuries ago.

@hireahitCA 4 года назад

Yes. And? Given the limitations of the speed of lights astronomers talk about what they see today as current (even when qualifying that the event was billions of years earlier in the universe’s lifespan).

@SharpAssKnittingNeedles 2 месяца назад

@@hireahitCAYes thank you! So obnoxious when people think they're so clever to point out that the photons we see were emitted a proportional amount of time ago to the distance they've traveled. 😂

@jmchez 4 года назад

Bet-Al-Jauza. As the Arabic description (not a real name) was pronounced in Latin when the Almagest (ancient star catalogue)was discovered in the library of Toledo, Spain.

@imager8763 4 года назад

Mike is an awesome!

@lhl2500 4 года назад

I wonder what odds the bookie will give me on whether or not they'll find any intelligent life on earth?

@jeffjones7108 Год назад

"...really intense but not very energetic." Huh?

@newatlantisrepublic6844 Год назад

Better clear my schedule for that day . . .

@himanshuyadav4188 4 года назад

I was wondering if it is because of dust shouldn't it be clear after looking at Betelguese in multiple ranges of spectrum...

@danielm.1441 4 года назад

Suddenly caught something twitching in the background (by the fan) what the hell is it?

@mjswart73 4 года назад

I totally would have guessed that the JUNO detector would be associated with Canada. (Juno Awards, Juno Beach) But Canada's neutrino detector is called SNO (Sudbury Neutrino Observatory) so that makes sense.