Dinosaur Profile: Allosaurus 

@Jayo Delaware nope, I'd still love it, even as I flee for my life

One piece has a guy that turns into one lol

I also love allosaurus

We meet again, my dear despondent butter chicken. Nice to see you not being a snot-nosed brat for once!

Underrated comment. :D

"Allosaurus had never seen such masterpiece before"

until those other giant carnivores emerged in pop culture like spinosaurus and those massive allosauridaes like charcarodontosaurus and even bigger mapusaurus and giganotosaurs ,i think allosaurus was the second famous carnivore dinosaur after tyrannosaurs. BTW a question to you would you think it would help allosaurs in popularity if it would turn out that saurophaganax and allosaurs are the same species ?

the funny thing is mainstream media only knows the fake velociraptor the real velociraptor is unknown .

@@19megamustaine85 Maybe, I think one of the main reasons Allosaurus isn't as popular as say T-Rex is because while it was definitely a very large animal it wasn't as large some of the largest Theropods ever. Saurophaganax was absolutely massive though (especially for late Jurassic standards since most Theropods didn't get that big until the Cretaceous when Theropods truly reached their peak in terms of size) so if it turns that it was the same animal as Allosaurus (which I think it was, or at least a subspecies of Allosaurus the same way Kodiak bears are a subspecies of the brown/grizzly bear) I think that would help Allosaurus become more popular because it would be comparable in size to Tyrannosaurus and the other giant Theropods of the Cretaceous.

@@19megamustaine85 Well the "Velociraptor" people are familiar with was actually based on Deaniychus as I'm sure you already know. Real Velociraptor was only about as big as a small dog or a coyote.

That's when Saurophaganax Maximus comes in. Didn't rival a rex at size, but it was a far larger allosaurid, and could put up a good fight against the trex if they ever met.

As I said, it was probably a scavenging bite, considering the gymnastics that they had to do to get that bite in in Dinosaur Revolution.

Unless the much bigger Torvosaurus wrestled one to the ground@@palaeo_channel

@@eybaza6018 I am doubtful that a Torvosaurus would choose to bite a prone Allosaurus on a difficult to reach and non-vital area like that. Dinosaur Revolution tried to make a story out of it though.

The dude has 1.89K now!

I am considering an update as I do not think I made it clear that I support the slash-and-tear hunting technique. In looking up more recent studies, I still see low bite forces, although the strong neck would have allowed the mouth to deliver powerful strikes. If you know of something that I have missed, let me know.

It was named after a Polish paleontologist with the surname Zbyszewski,but the namers saw that...and gave up😂

You have me here. I had never read the plural ‘hoofs’ before. I thought that it might be a typo in the original literature or an Americanism (like ‘dove’ instead of ‘dived’). But no, hoofs is a valid option.

@@palaeo_channel Nice to have gotten Your attention. I hope I didn't blow this Teeny Tiny detail out of proportion, but I saw room for improvement here.

Glad that you're enjoying it. The book is very graphics heavy and iBooks has interactive elements. I have been looking into revising it and expanding into other platforms. Do you know any self publishing platforms that support books with graphics?

Planets by Holst. This one is a section from Mars.

Some carnosaurs might have had feathers as there is evidence of them being a very basal trait in dinosaurs. It does seem to have been very easy for some to switch back to scales (like mammoths and elephants with fur). Large carnosaurs like Allosaurus and its close relatives that we have evidence of show little to no evidence of scales, and feathers would likely have messed with the thermoregulation of an animal in that environment and of that size. There are always possibilities, but I often go along with what seems likely and try to be clear when I am weighing probability.

@@palaeo_channel ah okay, got it. Not carnosaurs in general but just large carnosaurs

Exactly my point. Some researchers have questioned Allosaurus’ predator status due to its bite, but they are comparing it to crocodilians, felines, and canines, all of which are bite-oriented. Allosaurus was a very different predator.

Allosaurus had a weak bite force but very strong neck muscles that could drive the sharp strong teeth. It would have closed its mouth around something, or dug its teeth into flesh, and then use its strong neck to pull and twist. This requires little bite force.

@@palaeo_channel this makes sense for flesh but I don't really get how it has a strong enough bite force to hold onto a stegosaurus back plate and tear it off which you can't really do to bone because it's very strong against tension Edit: also it seems kind of awkward to "hatched" method into a plate that's pointing up towards the sky, but if you have an explanation I wanna hear it because I'm becoming a fan

Although I talk about the ‘hatchet’ technique, I think that Allosaurus performed more slash-and-tear attacks. Although we do not know how the tip of the plate broke off, the struggle of two multi-tonne animals might have provided the force, while the jaw provided the fulcrum. Allosaurus was strong, just could not bite down too hard. It was just the tip that broke off. While the bite force might be incorrect, multiple studies have corroborated it and appears to have been a trade-off for a wide gape.

thats because they are. Allosaurus's have a weak jaw/bite force for their size, while t rex has the strongest bite force of any terrestrial animal. not to mention the size difference, the biggest species of allosaurs only weigh 1/3rd the size of an average t rex.

@@GodofSteel first of all, saurophaganax rivaled tyrannosaurus in size, next allosaurus wasnt evolved to have a strong bite, that wasnt its hunting technique

@@andrewjohnson115 the reason why I bring up bite forces is because in a fight between two dinosaurs that's usually the deciding factor the rest is just luck. and to say that saurophaganax rivals t rex in size is a stretch. the biggest of the species is around 9,900 pounds, while the modern estimate for the average adult trex is now 18,000 pounds.

@@GodofSteel sorry i forgot to mention i meant length, but im just trying to say that they are still powerful animals and not as weak and pathetic as they seem just cause they arent the famous t rex which was a scavenger primarily i believe

@@andrewjohnson115 t rex was not primarily a scavenger. there are many fossils remains showing that they not only killed and hunted herbivores but even fought and killed each other. that study about t rex being a scavenger was made by jack horner who is an absolute clown and is rejected by all paleontologist and scientist. do you really think that tyrannosaurs went through millions of years of evolution, evolving to become stronger just to eat already dead animals?

A tibia was found in the Tendaguru Formation that was originally identified as an Allosaurid, possibly an African species of Allosaurus. The latest that I can see about it is that it is now considered an unidentifiable Tetanuran, probably a megalosauroid or carcharodontosaurid in 2011.

I probably did spend too much time talking about the hatchet method. I did say that I do not agree with it and go with the slash and tear method outlined in the paper. That could have been explained better, though. I also dislike saying that anything in paleontology has been ‘disproven’. It can be criticised and evidence presented against it, but little can be proven or disproven.

@@palaeo_channel i like the idea of nothing being disproved, paleontology is such a vast field. Thank you for the reply and opening me upto new ideas and ways of thinking of things.

Not planning on it I'm afraid. Not much is known about it, but it seems closely related to Spinosaurs or Tyrannosaurs rather than raptors.

Spinosaurs have never been proposed as close relatives of Megaraptora,they're almost certainly basal Tyrannosauroids or the sister taxa to them.I understand your decision to not make a video on it though,not famous and a fragmentary mess.@@palaeo_channel

Sorry about how long it took me to get back to you. I do like the out-of-the-box thinking, but I don't think so. Predators don't generally fight over anything if they can help it. They risk enough fighting with their food. A group of subadults would also not get together for territory that only one of them can own. Also there are the remains of huge herbivores. These could not be brought to the area as even a 1 tonne Allosaurus would not be able to carry a 14 tonne Camarasaurus. Like I said, I like your thinking, but the large predator trap flowing into a smaller space seems like the most probable for me.

It does look absurd from looking at most modern apex predators and how they kill with their bite. Allosaurus seems to have been more like a bird of prey, which have weak bites, but use their talons and the sharp points of their beaks. Allosaurus could slash and tear using its powerful neck without biting down with significant force.

I do not know what research has been done that makes Allosaurus' dominance 'outdated'. While it is true that dinosaurs like Torvosaurus and Ceratosaurus had adaptations that benefitted them in the gallery forests, niche partitioning is not so clear as Allosaurus is found in the forest environments as well as the plains. Also, outcompeted among carnivores does not mean one being able to beat one in a fight. It is about the ability to hunt and bring down prey. While a large, powerful carnivore can claim other predators' kills, successful hunters generally still win out.

I don't know much about it either,but what you presented is a highly,dare I use that word biased and simplistic notion.Larger predators generally need more food and more specific conditions anyway so the Allosaurus' ,,dominance" could have been to it's relatively smaller size,adaptations for the plains and the ability to survive insane injuries.Probably same thing as with hyaenas and lions,sure the hyaenas may be morenumerous and have a higher kill succes % rate,but lions are higher in the trophic level and win unless outnumbered.@@palaeo_channel

Getting down to real numbers, 1 of the 9 Torvosaurus found from the Formation was found in a plain environment. The rest were in a channel or unknown environment. For Allosaurus, 50 were found in channel environments that Torvosaurus was native to. Forget trophic levels, that seems pretty dominant to me. I am working on a video with all of these Morrison Formation stats.

@@palaeo_channel Trophic levels are literally the definition of being an apex predator. The higher you are,the higher up prey you eat,which in this case would have included fellow predators such as Allosaurus and Ceratosaurus. Simply the fact an animal is more common does not necessarily mean it's the apex predator.The best analogy for the several large carnivores of the Morrison that I can think of is Pleistocene North America,Smilodon fatalis,the American lion and Panthera onca augusta all coexisting. The big 3 of the Morrison (Allosaurus,Torvosaurus and Saurophaganax)were probably similar in trophic position,but when it comes to 1v1 combat the substantially larger and more robust animal almost always wins if healthy.Another factor is how trophic level work to begin with,the higher you are,the more prey you need to sustain yourself-thus making your species rarer and seemingly less ,, dominant ".

@@palaeo_channel It's been quite a while since the last upload,so can't wait!

The hatchet hypothesis has received a lot of push back, and I am more of the idea that Allosaurus used its neck to deliver slash and tear attacks. I admit that I probably spent too much time talking about the hatchet hypothesis for this to be clear to everyone. I am currently thinking about making a follow-up bonus video exclusively on Allosaurus' bite and unique predator traits.

It's on the list. I love spotlighting lesser known dinosaurs, but the big ones come first while I'm still trying to get this channel up and running.

@@palaeo_channel Judging by the top notch quality content you're providing, you will have many thousand subscribers in no time. Liking all your videos! Please keep em coming!

A recent study claimed that, but only for cold-blooded Allosaurus. Studies differ on how they fed based on whether they were warm or cold blooded.

I have had a look back at my notes and the 57,000N bite force for Tyrannosaurus is from the 2012 study: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3391458/pdf/rsbl20120056.pdf It is the upper calculation from the study for adults, but it has estimates for Allosaurus that are lower than the warm-blooded force I referred to from a later study. I have also seen higher estimates. I took the 19-34mph speed from a biomechanical analysis of various theropods that I have not managed to find again (I do keep a closer eye on my references now). An upper limit of 34mph does not seem too far fetched as Giganotosaurus was calculated at 31mph in 2001. Both had similar leg structures and could not run with both feet off the ground. Allosaurus had faster strides, but Giganotosaurus had longer legs, a tradeoff that sees elephants of different sizes having the the same speed today. Comparing theropods to large mammals is tricky though. I refer to this in my Deinonychus video, but bird legs work very differently to mammalian ones, so femur length becomes far less important as tibia and metatarsal lengths. In fact, relatively small femurs in birds is usually a sign of speed. I would refer you to the work of John Hutchinson, who specialises in dinosaur locomotion. Allosaurus is among my favourite dinosaurs, and I do not think that a

Let me do Brachiosaurus and I will plan on it being the next sauropod.

Remember that those muscles were just for closing the jaw. Allosaurus had slashing teeth wielded by a strongly muscled neck. With the clawed hands and feet, it did not necessarily need a bone-crushing bite.

Saurophaganax

@@MonoNoAware_ make a video of that and thx for the name i google him haha i never know that dinosaur

It is certainly true that birds can achieve very loud calls. What I was talking about was a throaty verbalisation called a roar. All Archosaurs, roosters and corvids included, produce their sounds from their chests. This would sound very different from a huge dinosaur than a mammalian roar.

@@palaeo_channel allosaurus from north america not euorpe and africa

@@palaeo_channel There is an African Grey Parrot that has a Death Metal Band named "Hatebeak", the avian frontman demonstrates very convincing guttural growls...Check it out!

@@palaeo_channel I particularly enjoy "Planet of Dinosaurs" (1977) and the vocalizations they decided to use for their "go motion" alien Tyrannosaurs! (no clue what they used as a sample to synthesize the sound effects, but it's pretty eerie, wild, and cool) Hollywood traditionally uses the "roars" (the Lion, Tiger, Bear Roars, and Elephant Shrills), but the sounds featured in the movie seem more probable of what an angry Terror Bird or a menacing Theropod would produce in my opinion!

@@alexandercolon941 I never claimed that there was an allosaurus from Africa, but I have seen the Allosaurus europaeus specimen. If you have a study saying that it is something else, I would like to know.

There are claims, but they use the largest possible size estimates and use a mass calculation from 1985. No similar estimates have been in the literature since and are increasingly unlikely to due to air sacs being considered in calculations. Recent calculations of Saurophaganax have not exceeded 3 tonnes. The popular consensus is that an adult Allosaurus of about 9.7 metres weighed around 1 tonne.