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My professor mentioned that halogens can be weak EWGs through the inductive effect, but they are still ortho/para directors. Do halogens usually activate or deactivate benzene rings?
Hey Ana! First off, thanks for watching. So (and I should have included this in the video), halogens are EDGs (which, via resonance, explains why they direct ortho/para), BUT due to their electronegativities, they do ultimately take electrons out of benzene rings. As a result, they make the ring LESS negative, therefore SLIGHTLY deactivating rings (because they do put electrons in the ring via resonance, they're just not stoked doing it). Does that make sense?
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Hi, Jing Hui Wong! I’m a bit confused about your question: Br and Cl are NOT positively charged (unless you draw resonance where a lone pair from Br or Cl is brought into the benzene ring. NO2 on the other hand has a positive charge, specifically on the nitrogen. If you expand the nitro (NO2) group, as seen at 8:30, you’ll see that the formal charge of the N is a +1 (nitrogen has 5 valence electrons but is in control of 4). Did that help clarify anything? Or, if not, what is still causing confusion? Thanks for watching by the way!
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