Elder Futhark Runes CORRECT Pronunciation 

Great questions, Pete. The following refers to early Proto-Germanic times and the Elder Futhark: 1. For *īsa, yes long and short. 2. *ūruz also represented both long and short. 3. The *ansuz rune only represented short "a." Later on, we get long "a" through the process of aŋh > ā̃h, but in the earliest times, we did not have a long "a" in Proto-Germanic. 4. eihwaz (ǣ) was a monophthong (like "a" as in American English "apple."). 5. The ōþila rune could only represent a long "o" (technically the sound is like the long "o" in Midwestern "caught" or "coffee.") There was no short "o" in PGmc. 6. For ehwaz, this actually only represented short "e." Later on, ǣ (from eihwaz) became a long "e" sound. Then ehwaz could represent both short and long "e." Essentially, all questions pertaining to Proto-Germanic depend on the chronology. But, those are some basic answers to your questions.

THANK YOU!!!! With best wishes for your continuing success!!!! @@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

Absolutely. I'm glad you liked it, Arith!

Quite interesting. Why the Elder Runes? What about the Younger or Armanen? I've read that Freyr was the king of Elves. I've also read that Ingwaz could have been his proper name, considering that Freyr meant The Lord. Ingwaz was used for The Son in the Gothic Bible. If, in concept, the Elves and Anseis are the same, then a deeper connection is formed. Ingwaz, The Son, is King of the Elves or Anseis. In Armanism, Alfheim is equivalent to Walhall in Wotanism. So, Ingwaz looks over the noble ancestors in Alfheim(Walhall). I could be totally off, but what are your thoughts?

​@@factfiend1000 This channel is focused on continental stuff. So, Elder makes sense. People can find YF pronunciation on JC's channel. Armanen is just modern German pronunciation. Though, it would be interesting to do a video on the Armanen system. I have always found List to be an interesting figure in his time. Yes, Ingwaz as a proper name makes a lot of sense, especially since you have the Ingvaeones (people descended from Ing). Both Freyr and Freyja are really more like title epithets. Where did you see that Ing was used for 'The Son' in the Gothic Bible? Give me a line number (Mark 13:2, etc.). I just did a quick cursory search, and I couldn't find anything. But, then again, I don't have access to a concordance (I will next week, though!). A connection between Alfheim and Walhall could make sense, especially in terms of noble dead ancestors.

@@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464 My resource is The Mysteries of the Goths. "However, Ulfilas used the name *Iggws for the Greek letter X(chi), which was used almost exclusively in Gothic for writing the name of Christ." From the Foreword to the Book of Teutonic Psalms(Ostara and the New Templars, Lanz von Liebenfels, 55 Club): "The Arian Bishop Ulfilas translates "sacraments" as "runes", iggws(Ingwe, divine ancestor of the Nordic English) for the letter X, which was synonymous for the Gothic Christ, the Father of Christ was still called the All father by the Goths and so on". On the Armanist realms, Armanist Wanaheim was the same as Thrudheim in Wotanism.

THANK YOU! 😩😩😩🙏

Glad I could help!

No problem at all. I'm glad I could help :)

Glad I could help

Glad I could help!

Happy to help

Glad to hear that!!!

Happy to help

Appreciate it.

I could easily do a video on the pronunciation of those runes, too. I'll look into it

@@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464 That would be great!

Thanks, Chris. I suppose it's possible that the rune may have had that sound. But, the PGmc reconstruction for 'Eiche' is *aikō. The diphthong ai- is represented in runic inscriptions as ansuz + īsa-. Still, it's not completely impossible since we know so little about the rune's phonetic value.

@@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464 Thanks for the clarification.

I appreciate that. I hope other people help distribute this, as well. If anyone knows about rune pronunciation, it's a linguist. WE are the ones who came up with these reconstructions in the first place. WE have reasons for why we reconstruct certain vowels and consonants. It's not arbitrary.

Yep or as in the "ch" in German "lachen" or "machen."

Just a grammatical marker. In something like dagaz, the -az informs us that it’s masculine. Technically, it’s an a-stem masculine marker.

@@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464 Good to finally know. Thank you.

Great question. It's just an incorrect reconstruction. If we reconstructed the rune name to be *kaunaz, we would is expect it to yield, for instance, *kaunr in Old Norse. Of course, this isn't the case. The reflex/rune name in Old Norse is kaun. The only two possible reconstructions are kaunan or kēnaz (from the Old English rune name). What's the name of the book you're looking at?

The rune poem names are sometimes different, depending on the tradition

@@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464 What meant is: In this video you pronounce two runes the same. I hear no difference between the rune after Jera and the rune after Berkano

@@ZiaElohka The one after jera is pronounced like "a" as in American English "apple." The one after berkano is "e" as in "entrance."

"el-geez" The "g" here is like the "g" in "go," not as in "general." The sound itself is just [z]. Later on, it went through rhoticism and became [R].

With slight variation, sure. PGmc was a series of dialects, not some single unified language. The reconstructions are close approximations.

The argument I adhere to is that it's pronounced like [æ]. This is "a" as in "apple."

@@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464 yes, I got that in the video. The Anglo-Frisian has a different rune for ash, though, right?

​@@jeffatwood9417 Yes, that's correct. The rune is "æsc." The rune that represented "ash" in the PGmc system became a consonant sound in the AF tradition.

@@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464 this ash thing is a new idea to me. How long has it been considered? Is it mostly English speakers suggesting it? I ask because we are the only Germanic language that can’t say sounds like ö, ü and Swedish y. It seems our mi da have lost the ability to make our mouths do this…when I started Swedish, though, I confused the Swedes because I actually sounded Swedish 🤣.

@@jeffatwood9417 it’s been discussed since around the 1960s - 1970s, and it’s rooted in Germanic linguistic rigor. It’s nothing “new” by any means. And I know what you mean about Swedish, but even modern English preserves one of the oldest original Proto-Germanic sounds that other Germanic languages don’t: [w].

Ahaha exactly!!!

Really wasn't trying to sound condescending. Sorry if I offended you.

nearly all of his proto germanic videos at least have large, glaring errors lol

It is the most correct pronunciation based on the evidence we have. I'll argue with Marc Pierce, Jackson and other scholars all day on it. It's not pompous. I'm just confident in the reconstruction. I'm always open for debate, but [æ] is the most likely pronunciation of that rune. There is no vowel between [e] and [i]. Still, people (mostly the Scandinavian scholars) claim that the æ-rune represented a vowel in between those two vowels. THERE ARE NO OTHER VOWELS in between those two vowels. Look at that IPA chart. There are tense and lax vowels in that area (proposing a rounded vowel in that area makes absolutely no sense). The i-rune already represented both the lax high vowel [ɪ] and tense high vowel sound [i]. The e-rune represented both lax [ɛ] and tense [e]. So tell me -- what is the most likely candidate? Nobody argues that the a-rune did not represent [ɑ]. So, the only vowel the æ-rune can represent is [æ]. It did not represent a consonant. That is an OE internal development. Again, please do not confuse being pompous with being confident with evidence to back it up. We scholars respectfully argue with one another all the time. And I'm sure it would be difficult to argue with the aforementioned scholars. But, I still strongly stand by what I said in the video. And just for a side note--while I wholeheartedly support the [æ] sound for that rune, the rune name itself (meaning 'yew tree') is still problematic. I only argued for the sound, not the rune meaning.

The first one is like “ash” in American English. The second one is like the “e” in “explode.”

🙏