Electrochemistry

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034 - Electrochemistry
In this video Paul Andersen explains how electrochemical reactions can separate the reduction and oxidation portions of a redox reactions to generate (or consume) electricity. The half reactions can be analyzed to determine the potential of either a galvanic (voltaic) or an electrolytic cell. The reduction takes place at the cathode and the oxidation takes place at the anode.
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and, Photo by. A Photograph of the Top of the Fulmer Falls Waterfall Located in the Childs Recreation Area in the Pocono Mountains., July 29, 2006. Self-photographed. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
"File:Copper Electroplating.svg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed September 9, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cop....
"File:ElectrochemCell.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed September 9, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ele....
"File:Galvanic Cell.svg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed September 9, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gal....
"File:Lemon Battery With LED.svg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed September 21, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lem....
"File:M Faraday Th Phillips Oil 1842.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed September 21, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M_F....
"File:NiMH 2500mAh.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed September 21, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NiM....
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27 июл 2024

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Комментарии : 306

@electric-fire21 9 лет назад

Your videos are magic. This was so straighforward and made so much sense. One note, the revised AP chemistry exam, I believe, as of 2015, now requires us to know the Nernst equation.

@electric-fire21 9 лет назад

You're right. I checked with my teacher. She accidentally gave us a worksheet then told us not to do it.

@icanmakemusic362 9 лет назад

Jose Gonzales if you want to make sure, you could check on the course description provided by the collegeboard :) secure-media (.) collegeboard (.) org/digitalServices/pdf/ap/ap-chemistry-course-and-exam-description.pdf Page says no nernst equation

@electric-fire21 9 лет назад

Thanks, I'm always unsure about what it is

@swaanee2806 10 месяцев назад

I was utterly confused and watched so many videos yet couldn't really wrap my head around the concept. You made it seem so simple and clearly explained from the basics. I cannot thank you enough! Truly a lifesaver ❤🥺

@YuvalBelisha 6 лет назад

I haven't seen you in about 6 years. This review took me back to high school. Thank you for the quick review. Very helpful.

@chloexiong 5 лет назад

I finally understood electrochemistry a bit better. My prof talks too fast in the lecture that I couldnt catch up. and reading the book is just too dry and makes me fall asleep. Your video is so straight to the point, and the video speed is perfect for me to follow. Thank you for your video!

@ikhlasdrifts7610 10 лет назад

Mr.Paul Anderson was on TEDx Talks!!!!! Way to go sir!!!!! You are the best :)

@ArturBaidi 4 года назад

I'm from Germany and I thank you for this video. You explain it so much easier than the persons in the German videos about Electrochemistry.

@certifiedminority 3 года назад

For anyone confused on increasing the concentration of the Zn and Cu at 6:04, here's an explanation: The Anode is Zn and the Cathode is Cu: Anode: Zn was oxidized to Zn+. (The anode [Zn+] increases and is the 'product'.) Cathode: Cu+ was reduced to Cu. (The cathode [Ag+] decreases and is the 'reactant'.) Focus on the aqueous solutions to figure out which one belongs to the reactant or product side. *According to Le Chatelier's principle:* *Increasing the reactants* causes the chemical reaction to speed up because increasing the concentration of the reactants will increase the frequency of collisions between the reactants. In a sense, increasing the concentration of the reactants causes the reaction to shift to the right which increases cell potential and the flow of electrons. *To slow down the reaction, you need to do the opposite: increase the concentration of the products.* Increasing the concentration of the products causes the reaction to shift to the left which decreases the cell potential and the flow of electrons.

@seanleith5312 3 года назад

"The Anode is Zn and the Cathode is Cu", that is opposite what I learned in high school. Zn has extra electron, carries negative charge, so that electrode should be called cathode, right? That's the definition "cathode" from dictionary, forget about chemistry for a second. Am I wrong?

@certifiedminority 3 года назад

@@seanleith5312 Okay ngl, I kinda forgot most of the material from AP Chem bc I already took the test but from what I can remember, Anode = anion = negative Cathode = cation = positive That's how I remember it. Ask your teacher to make sure

@seanleith5312 3 года назад

@@certifiedminority Thank you very much

@Malak-uu9qt 2 года назад

@@certifiedminority I'm sorry can you please explain this point again What does 'anion' and 'cation ' refer to here? I mean both of their ions are positive zn+2 and cu+2 although we called the zinc anode and copper cathode I can't see anions

@auriakamal9551 Год назад

@@Malak-uu9qt do not be confused, anodes and cathodes are different from anions and cations. Anions (F-, O2-, etc) and Cations (K+, Mg2+) are atoms or molecules with positive or negative charges. Cathodes are parts of a circuit where electrons are deposited (causing reduction) and anodes provide those electrons to the circuit (causing oxidation).

@andrewnickischer6895 5 лет назад

Perfect clean explanation. No bull shit analogies or metaphors. Great work!

@fictitiousarts 10 лет назад

When life hands you lemons, make a lemon battery.

@urwayousaf6829 2 года назад

Alive?

@daniel723 6 лет назад

Your knowledge is absolutely impressive! Thank you for all of your videos

@vashkat 10 лет назад

Thank you so much! I'm taking my MCAT tomorrow and this vid gave me all the confidence I needed to tackle any passages with this topic!!! Very well presented :)

@zachary_a 10 лет назад

thank you so much for these videos, i couldn't survive chem without them!! :)

@melindakiss590 10 лет назад

Oh thank you so much! my teacher spent an entire 1 hour class to teach just how the electrons moved and I still didn't get anything -.- THANK YOU SO MUCH, YOU'RE MY HERO both for biology and chemistry, too bad I study them in spanish.

@ms.cms.cooper8523 5 лет назад

He is Awesome and makes you create predictions of what will occur if you change conditions in a cell.

@guoyuan5319 6 лет назад

You deliver the concept so much better than my professor in NTU. Thank you so much.

@brcarter1111 6 лет назад

if you are having trouble remembering where in a cell, in terms of anode and cathode, oxidation and reduction occur, just remember these 2 animals.... RED CAT and AN OX! REDuction in CAThode, ANode has OXidation then use OIL RIG (Oxidation Is Loss of e-, Reduction Is Gain of e-) to decide which half-cell is losing e- and which is gaining them! good luck on your chem guys!

@gururaj3165 5 лет назад

Tq so much sir

@marvhartigan3677 4 года назад

thanks brett that's very useful dude

@NicoleSolomon94 10 лет назад

Bozeman is BOSS!!! Very helpful sir. This channel and KhanAcademy are my favourite educational RU-vid channels.

@TanveerAhmed-hk2iw 4 года назад

Hi I need your help

@skategenie 8 лет назад

I just have to say that your videos are so clear and informative!

@Tridenux 4 месяца назад

You're the best teacher, learned alot of things in 8 minute, it was worth it❤

@dqqdek123 10 лет назад

Oh Mr Anderson also teach chemistry! I love your biology videos!

@jonaslover8246 10 лет назад

Your molecular biology videos have helped me so much :) And now you're helping me overcome my fear of chemistry. Thank you :)

@TanveerAhmed-hk2iw 4 года назад

I need your help Because I have electroplating works..

@ReemAlaa1999 6 лет назад

you are the best in making mind maps

@peachlife5118 9 лет назад

IDK why this has literally been the toughest concept in Chem for me to grasp. I have gone over it a billion times in my textbook and notes... watched videos and everything but still feel like i don't quite have it down 100%. Wish me luck for my exam! :) :P

@akiwinny5114 9 лет назад

I think redox reaction will help you to understand this. Oxidation and reduction

@akiwinny5114 8 лет назад

***** The hard chapter of chemistry for me is the equilibrium (change in the system) part . And redox it's just seeing a table that is given and solve it the reduction potential table. The higher metal element will oxidize and it will dissolve in the solution leading to oxidation.

@jordanbrisson2794 8 лет назад

+Akihiro Ito Its okay she already failed her exam

@peachlife5118 8 лет назад

Lol no I actually ended up with a 91 in the class :P

@AndrewMaksymBrainNectar 8 лет назад

+Yasmine Xo remember OIL RIG it's a tool that helps you remember these chem terms or Leo Ger

@Triviani7 9 лет назад

Great video, thanks a lot. My teacher used the same mnemotechnique when talking about reduction, oxidation, cathode and anode (consonants go together and vowels go together). Keep on sciencing!

@Suryashis_ 8 лет назад

bdw E= 0.76 V is oxidation potential of Zn.. not reduction potential its reduction potential as he said would be -0.76V

@turboleggy 6 лет назад

thanks man I knew something was up!

@rednab_x7890 3 года назад

THAT IS LIKE 3 YEAR WENT U SAW THE VIDEO

@peachlife5118 9 лет назад

I have read my textbook and taken notes on this chapter, literally over 20 times and it did not click until NOW! THANK YOU!!!

@srishtikumar5544 8 лет назад

Mr. Anderson - this video was AMAZINGLY AWESOME !! I actually understood the concept - and it is really fascinating!! Your slow pace made the concept so easy to understand. This is one of your best Chemistry videos, in my opinion. I am on my way to understanding Redox reactions...

@Ai-ux8mf 10 лет назад

I love study from your videos. They are simple and easy to understand. I wish you were my teacher...

@worldwarmickMiceal 9 лет назад

He doesn't treat it like it's difficult. That's why he's so good. I feel relaxed when I learn from him. :)

@blkings2321 6 лет назад

Wow thank you so much. You just broke that down SO wonderfully. That diagram really helped. Awesome vid! -used to be confused college student

@sheema30 8 лет назад

I'm Back, took some time to get my life in order. I just been accepted into a Radiology school and we are learning Physics. I hope I can come to your channel for video's. YOUR SO GREAT!

@jio-4568 5 лет назад

Thank you very much)) It is really helpful)

@AimanM 10 лет назад

Seriously, you are awesome.

@harryli7557 4 года назад

OMG that waterfall analogy is like magic. The cleanest way to explain that reduction potential!! Thank you!

@dno85 4 года назад

very great simple explanation

@InDrayanI_Chavhan 5 лет назад

Thank You So Much Sir...🙏🏻😍😍 Its Very Streight Forward....👍🏻& Understanding.....👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻 So sorry Watch It Very Late But Now I Watch Your Video....👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻

@sadiyanooreen2541 10 лет назад

thanks alot sir........since 1 week i m tryin to undestand dis but all went from top of my head today i understood wat actually is happening man!!!!thank u again and i was also about to say so explain dis chapter

@jennifferkorsund757 8 лет назад

You have saved my lil butt. Again. Thank you!!!

@earthfairy. 9 лет назад

honestly needed this! thanks so much, you are appreciateddd

@ITheGreatCow 10 лет назад

Could someone please explain what drives the solid zinc to move into solution spontaneously, as mentioned at 5:30?

@jamesconnolly2211 4 года назад

I think my sticking point was the function of the salt bridge. I had to research how it activates the system which helped me complete the picture. So perhaps including a comment about it would be beneficial.

@amrutvani2 10 лет назад

excellent .Tell us more about reduction/ oxidation potential

@LawatheMEid 8 лет назад

Thank you, really benefits and clear.

@countryboy21212 6 лет назад

How do you know what polyatomic or general atoms to use in your salt bridge?

@GirishManjunathMusic 9 лет назад

I remember the Anode - Cathode to Redox relationship as LOAN. (Left Oxidation Anode Negative) Because: The *Left* Cell, Undergoes *Oxidation*, Functions as the *Andoe*, And it has the more *Negative* potential.

@Lord_Hendy 9 лет назад

Girish Manjunath this looks good, though don't fall into the trap of thinking the left cell is ALWAYS the anode. It could just as easily be the right cell if you just turn the apparatus around.

@GirishManjunathMusic 9 лет назад

Jack Parkes BY CONVENTION!

@manjulatatiter8294 4 года назад

Mr. Jack Parkes Don't you know about IUPAC Naming. In LOAN the left word is for Anode this means in a Rx for example Zn(s)|Zn^2+(aq) || ................ . here on left Zn as ANODE according to IUPAC

@tanmaydeshpande5748 8 лет назад

thanks for the great video!! :)

@ng3861 4 года назад

Are the factors that increase the voltage in a glavanic cell the same factors that would increase voltage of an electrolytic cell (battery)???

@rahatali3815 10 лет назад

Excellent!. Sir Will u plz explain why Anode has negative charge in galvanic cell?

@eunoiapun3746 8 лет назад

You are the Savior sent by Science to rescue us students 🙌🙌🙌 thanku so much

@jeffreydahmer2110 4 года назад

oxidation potential of zinc is +0.74 its reduction potential -0.74 Paul had made a mistake in the video, just fixing it.

@muhammadsaleh329 8 лет назад

thanks for clearing my concepts

@axnbjsbdudbydvydubu9355 6 лет назад

how do you know which way electricity will flow ? should one plate be thicker than the other ? and why ?

@cherryblossombaby5716 8 лет назад

Very helpful, thanks. I remember that the Reduction takes place at the Cathode because it sounds like RedCat. To know which electrode gains mass you remember Fat Red Cat :P

@cmitchell1325 8 лет назад

OIL RIG OIL= OXIDATION IS LOSING RIG= REDUCTION IS GAININGthink of vowels oxidation = anode they both start with vowels reduction = cathode they don't start with vowels just an easy tip I remember

@DOWWADC 10 лет назад

Dear Bozeman. I need to take SAT 2 for biology. However i'm in a British school and only have learned the A/s-A2 syllabus. Are they similar? Can I easily do the SAT 2?

@g15306 10 лет назад

AP chem test tomorrow anyone ?

@quantumwaves447 10 лет назад

Ya man. 7:30 in the morning. I was looking at what units are on the exam and I saw that electrochemistry was on it. Our teacher (60+ year old guy) forgot to teach us that. I'm so failing this shit. LOL. But honestly, I don't even give a shit about it cuz it doesn't count toward the final mark. Well, good luck I guess... because you will probably need it if you are watching this.

@g15306 10 лет назад

dude our teacher didn't teach us this shit either because we didn't have "enough time to go over it" !!! like WHAT THE FUCK? thank you and good luck to you too ! i think we all need it at this point!

@quantumwaves447 10 лет назад

WTF? Why are teachers skimping on electrochemistry? Well the damage is done and there is no way to fix it now. I've heard that electrochemistry is not a huge part of the exam tho. So it should be all right if you know the core concepts and the formulas. Anyways, good night and good luck. Gotta get up really early tomorrow. Those asshats picked the worst time for the exam.:-(

@---wm4ee 9 лет назад

Yup yup

@g15306 7 лет назад

I love how I said this 4 years ago and still getting likes on it! dont worry pals i got a 4 out of 5 on the AP test XD if I can do it you all can do it !

@alnimri 6 лет назад

I am pretty sure it isn't 1.10 volts. The rule is Cathode+ (-anode) or .76 -(.34)=.42 as voltage difference. Or E. I am not sure why you added them like such. *_Nevermind, you had it previously set to Oxidation._*

@AcMcRevo 5 лет назад

Because the zinc potential is actualy negative, therefore you have to add them together ;) :)

@chrispiserchia290 8 лет назад

In the Anode, Zn oxidizes to Zn2+ not Zn+

@edytag0 10 лет назад

Great job ;-)

@amilito4474 7 лет назад

pls make MCAT videos, this helped me so much

@jyothiskumar7998 9 лет назад

Hai,Thanks for the video.It was helpful. I have a doubt regarding this by the way.I understand that salt bridge is Na2SO4 salt.When Oxidation happens, Zinc atom loses its 2 electron which goes to the external circuit and zn2+ ion will be in the zinc sulphate solution.Zinc ion reacts with SO4 2- ions from the salt bridge and the electrolyte would be neutral.Now in the cathode part Copper from copper sulphate solution combines with the 2 electrons from the anode and copper metal deposites on the cathode leaving soa 2- ions.This makes the electrolyte at cathode negative in charge. 1.What happens to SO4 2- ions,does it combine with Na2+ ions in the salt bridge turning the solution a mixture of Na2SO4 and Cu2SO4 solution? 2.Untill what condition does the redox reaction prolong,Is it untill zinc totally gets consumed or at a condition where there is no more Na2+ or SO4 2- ions in Salt bridge to balance the electolytes?

@jitendramaurya8624 4 года назад

Thank you sir for the help of my exam

@jitendramaurya8624 4 года назад

Yes

@poniesgirl1 9 лет назад

We did the lemon thing in physics class last year (Ontario grade11)!

@hsimon9364 2 года назад

greetings bezeman! i kind wonder why the electrons lost by zinc dont go to the bridge first? how could them make a choice? thx alot

@auriakamal9551 Год назад

The zinc that is losing electrons is the zinc that is on the anode to begin with, the zinc in the solution is ionized and is not losing electrons. The zinc atoms on the anode that lose electrons go on to be ionized atoms that are released into the aqueous solution. The salt bridge has a function that Mr. Bozeman does not go in depth about, but it basically stabilizes the the concentrations of fluctuating ions in both solutions, completing the circuit.

@mrboss7515 5 лет назад

very nice video

@addisukses 9 лет назад

thanks for the lesson :)

@adwityarai1414 8 лет назад

why in Daniel cell the anode is shown negative and cathode is shown positive.

@danieljust295 6 лет назад

So can we increase the amount of silver at the cost of Zn?

@charlesmathelela3151 3 года назад

Thanks for the vidios they are very helpful.

@MrCianc1 10 лет назад

great stuff

@Lindatong2 7 лет назад

is the reduction potential directly related to the activity series?

@atklecz2695 10 лет назад

RED CAT reduction at the cathode

@namrajaved9619 6 лет назад

awesome video .........

@drekaflugan 10 лет назад

Thanks this was a great video!

@akiwinny5114 9 лет назад

You didn't say why salt bridge is added the reason of adding salt bridge not only completing circuit,

@Boenjr 9 лет назад

Akihiro Ito up up!. I also want to know what is happening inside the bridge.

@sorkatamwuradeeyor2571 9 лет назад

Benardy Boen The salt bridge is present simply for the purpose of continuing the reaction. As the Zn anode is OXIDIZED, Zn2+(aq) is formed. Well, if electrons are leaving through the conductive material to the cathode, then how do we form this aqueous solution? The nitrate (NO3-), from the salt bridge, ends up forming a bond with Zn2+. (This neutralizes the charge in the anode compartment.) The same thing with the cathode, as Cu2+(aq) is REDUCED to Cu (s), Cu leaves behind its anionic portion, let's say (SO4)2-. The cationic portion of the salt bridge, Na+, will interact with (SO4)2- in order to neutralize the charge. Overall, the purpose is to neutralize accumulating charges in each compartment of the galvanic cell. When charges are sufficiently neutralized, the reaction will proceed UNTIL the anode (Zn, in this case) has fully disintegrated.

@xMissVaagheid 8 лет назад

+Akihiro Ito; you probably already solved it but I just copied a part of my lab report; Without a saltbridge no voltage is detected at all. The reason for this is that the solution in the anode container would become positively charged. If this happens the electrons will stay in solution. (They will try to make the solution neutral). The opposite would happen on the side of the cathode.There would be no flow of electrons and therefore no redox reactions would take place. The salt bridge ensures the neutral charge of the solution by adding negative or positive ions to the anode and cathode solution respectively.

@JihadAlAnsari 7 лет назад

He should have explained this in the video. Thanks so much. It makes sense now.

@danielvoneschwege8097 6 лет назад

Sorka Tamwura Deeyor Great explanation man you saved me

@onlynonsense8723 5 лет назад

You say that without the salt bridge no voltage will be created but I thought the salt bridge was to balance out the charge. So this would actually work without the salt bridge but only for a much shorter time?

@ThangNguyen-abc 5 лет назад

Hello Only Nosense , Can I ask you something Do you know why zinc is oxidized, copper ions in other cups so I think it is impossible to oxidize zinc atom???

@ThangNguyen-abc 5 лет назад

ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-LahawEMMvvY.html

@danielhraj5218 3 года назад

I still dont get why you need the salt bridge. Can someone please explain?

@KDOERAK 11 месяцев назад

very good!👍

@ayushgt9454 3 года назад

Absolutely genius

@dr.dimplenalkande9828 7 лет назад

I want all link of electrochemical cell chapter.... its too tough .... plz forward link plzzz

@polimlow197 10 лет назад

it help a lot...thx

@cjaguilar1435 8 лет назад

@6:15 why did he say that if we increase the Zn in the solution, the reaction will slow down?

@felixalarcon1939 7 лет назад

Because they are of positive chargé and Will result in there being a Decreases flow of electrons

@fermatthekat 9 лет назад

At 2:04, he said STP (standard temp. and pressure), but isn't STP different from standard conditions (1 M)? Or are they the same thing?

@GirishManjunathMusic 9 лет назад

Janice Ji Standard conditions means 1M solutions, reacting under STP. :D

@MuneebKhan-nh2yc 8 лет назад

+Girish Manjunath not true, STP is 0 Celsius while standard condition is room temperature(25 Celsius) .

@GirishManjunathMusic 8 лет назад

Muneeb Khan Sorry, my bad, STP is 0C and 1bar, not 25C and 1atm, I got confused... XP

@Eroamagorath 8 лет назад

+Muneeb Khan i dont know where you guys live, but in brazil universities stp is 1atm/25º

@MuneebKhan-nh2yc 8 лет назад

+Gabriel Augusto Alves dos Reis hmmm, that's interesting. Tbh i gave sat a couple of days ago and in the prep book it said STP is 0C and 1 atm, while standard conditions, which is different than STP, is 25C and 1 atm. And i checked on google as well. Maybe you are confused with something else? Or maybe the Brazilian method is different. Could you maybe confirm and tell me. I would really like to know

@visamishra4009 4 года назад

Very nice explan

@noellewatson 6 лет назад

I wish you were my physical chemistry professor

@Nice69 10 лет назад

Galvanic cells actually took me awhile to get the hand of.

@suzy6499 6 лет назад

every time i saw this profesor niccceee joob

@abdullatif-gq6vw 10 лет назад

thank u so much:)

@karnajamatia97 4 года назад

thank you Sir

@DismercyNLugo-gw4uw 10 лет назад

awesomeee!

@Music-zx4po Год назад

Should not it read negative .76 V since Zn is less precious, and it would correctly be positive .34 V for the Copper?

@fazepizzanuke7654 5 лет назад

Terimakasih, salam, tareq

@mcappleface8131 5 лет назад

faze pizzanuke are you a nigga?

@fazepizzanuke7654 5 лет назад

@@mcappleface8131 yes i am nasgor

@laurencekuo4518 6 лет назад

PLEASE EXPLAIN NERST EQUATION IT IS IN AP CHEM THANKS!!!

@adeyemikayode3737 9 лет назад

I am very happy for this great and informative lecture,God bless you.

@jutom3711 7 лет назад

you mean when we put Zn into Zn2+ solution ---> naturally,we will have electron on the mettal bar....i still do not understand that point ???

@amarbanglaamarbharat8739 4 года назад

Very good..

@Simranthiara 8 лет назад

This helped so much !, thank you.

@rafeeqshaikh6430 6 лет назад

What is the role of electrolyte in it??

@GixGax1230 8 лет назад

LEO says GER Loosing Electrons is Oxidation Gaining Electrons is Reduction

@iMusikkForeva 8 лет назад

losing* ;)

@Booger564 8 лет назад

Aight

@Hariiii17 8 лет назад

OILRIG.............Oxidation-ion lose...........Reduction-ion gain

@CookiieMonsterXxX 7 лет назад

OILRIG

@williamanderson5572 5 лет назад

yo you took Birkenfeld's class?????

@skaai 10 лет назад

thanks so much for the simple video. Personally, I visualize my mnemonics, so whenever I try to recall reduction at the cathode and anode oxidation, I think of RED CAT AN OX and see a red cat walking by an ox... simpletons like me need visuals to remember all those things!