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Electronics tutorial - Inductor saturation 

FesZ Electronics
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#96 #electronics #inductor
In this video I look at magnetic saturation - what it is, how it can influence the performance of a power inductor or a filtering element, and more importantly, just how much information can you actually get about this from a datasheet.
Datasheet used:
ro.mouser.com/...
ro.mouser.com/...
ro.mouser.com/...
ro.mouser.com/...
www.tdk-electr...
Special Thanks to all my supporters on Patreon! Especially @afiskon, Xegomen and Ralf B.!
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30 сен 2024

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Комментарии : 45   
@jfalbo1
@jfalbo1 3 года назад
Keep up the good work educating others on electronics. Since being sick I've been scanning youtube much more than normal and came across your videos. I've been a design engineer for a few decades now and I really, really like your teaching approach - teach, show on scope, look at data sheet...Well done!
@FesZElectronics
@FesZElectronics 3 года назад
Thank you for the kind words! Get better soon!
@gabrielzambo8198
@gabrielzambo8198 3 года назад
Great video! I like the fact that you always explain the datasheets. THANKS!
@EJEuth
@EJEuth Год назад
‘FesZ’ another great lecture. Some professionals know the Fundaments and manage well technology; others have didacticism to teach and share the knowledge, but have gaps to link theory and practice. Lucky for us, you very good in all those sides! If you already are not a teacher or instructor, you should think to become one. Greeting from Brazil to Romênia and please continue this great work.
@ikbendusan
@ikbendusan 3 года назад
can you do a video about estimating core losses in ltspice?
@p_mouse8676
@p_mouse8676 3 года назад
Excellent video! 👍🏻 You forgot one other important parameter that can cause saturation and that is heat. So when the core is heated up (even by some hot external component) the inductor will saturate more. But this will also happens with more current through the inductor itself. So in the end you have a double penalty. The current causes saturation as well as current heating up the wire (inductor). Unfortunately this is rarely shown in datasheets and as far as I know Sumida is the only manufacturer that gives the inductance vs current curve by two different temperatures (20 and 150 degrees C)
@FesZElectronics
@FesZElectronics 3 года назад
I didn't want to go into this part because temperature influence is a more complex behavior; I've noticed that most ferrite materials in the TDK catalog (www.tdk-electronics.tdk.com/download/519704/069c210d0363d7b4682d9ff22c2ba503/ferrites-and-accessories-db-130501.pdf) have increasing permeability with temperature - example material N48 page 70. Permeability is increasing with temperature up to 160C and then sharply drops. So its a bit of a longer discussion to show both the permeability increase and decrease with temp.
@p_mouse8676
@p_mouse8676 3 года назад
@@FesZElectronics Correct. I personally would briefly just mentioned it. In the end it can be a factor to what size inductor one has to choose. Especially with high power/high current applications. But heat can definitely also ruin your day with small inductors.
@ClaudioGabrielCastillo-uq4hj
@ClaudioGabrielCastillo-uq4hj 3 месяца назад
Your channel is great..............but this video does not have subtitles
@jamest.5001
@jamest.5001 7 месяцев назад
Would it add performance to a Motor/Generator , to use a field core from sheets of silicon steel. With holes taking away approximately 30% -40% up to 65%+/- of the steel away to use it as a support material for a ferrite core, possibly by adding the ferrite as round bars, especially if the motor uses a vfd or is a bldc /electronically commutated motor. Also a Generator or pma can spin at high speed, producing a high frequency AC current. Would the ferrite hybrid core offer any efficiency gains? Being ferrite is too fragile to reliably be used in motors, especially those where the cores are rotors, or part of the mounting frame.
@dalenassar9152
@dalenassar9152 2 года назад
Hello, This is one of the most valuable illustrations I have seen on inductance. Where you illustrated how a permanent magnet can influence the the inductance was especially interesting. I HAVE A QUESTION ABOUT THIS: could you actually DECREASE the flux in the core by an arrangement of permanent magnets? ALSO: If you are using an AC input with no offset current, and since the current is increasing and decreasing at the same rate, won't the flux also flip with the current? If so, then how does the core saturate if the flux is growing and decaying at the same rate--does saturation (in this case) just grow, go back to zero then 're-grow' in the opposite direction. My only guess would be that in this case the saturation occurs at the peaks of each half-cycle??
@ScattyPictures
@ScattyPictures 9 месяцев назад
Really good explanation! You helped me learn a lot. What you do really is important for humanity, learning is important.
@MikeBoyden
@MikeBoyden Год назад
I wish I could have viewed these short tutorials when I was doing my degree. I hope education professionals direct their students to view these as a supplement to their studies. Keep up the great work.
@dalenassar9152
@dalenassar9152 2 года назад
One thing that they say in many videos is that "IF THE INDUCTOR REACHES SATURATION, THEN ALL INDUCTANCE VANISHES". Doesn't it actually fall to the value that it would have if it was 'air-core'?
@FesZElectronics
@FesZElectronics 2 года назад
In most cases saturation isn't like a brick wall - before full inductance after 0; its a more incremental process, and of course this depends on the core type - some cores have a gradual inductance decrease (like metal powder core) others have it more abrupt (like ferrite); You are right, if you fully saturate the core, you still have some inductance left, it will never become zero, but I guess what others are trying to say is that saturated inductance is very small (more than 10-100x) compared to the initial value, so its like having nothing.
@kacperbardecki3671
@kacperbardecki3671 Год назад
I wonder if this matters for instantaneous current. For example, if I have 0VDC bias, but 28Arms, and inductor is rated for 30A but with Isat being 15A, how will my circuit be affected (at 100kHz)? Awfully specific, question, I know.
@FesZElectronics
@FesZElectronics Год назад
28Arms is about 39Apk; most likely the inductor will end up loosing a lot of energy and heating up since its pushed way past the 15A saturation point. Usually you find 2 ratings - one for heating (current at which the inductor heats up by ~30C - exact definition is in each datasheet) and the other for saturation (current at which inductance drops by ~30% - again exact definition is written in the datasheet); if you are using the inductor as a basic filter, the heating current can be used since you want to absorb energy anyway; but if you are using it in a switching converter, there you want to minimize losses you want to keep it below Isat
@birisiben-o8s
@birisiben-o8s Год назад
hi, how to find big core saturation point, for example EE55 or EE65, small core is very easy but big core very tiring?
@FesZElectronics
@FesZElectronics Год назад
If I am not mistaken, the saturation is dependent on the core material and the core volume - the core material should have its own dedicated datasheet, and the core geometry should also be available.
@fpgamachine
@fpgamachine 3 года назад
Excellent info, thanks!
@happydog6093
@happydog6093 Год назад
Thank you
@chrisfuller1268
@chrisfuller1268 2 года назад
Great video!
@rZERO_game
@rZERO_game 2 года назад
Sir , I have understood the different parameter which influence the behaviour of inductor. Now say some one has EE core need to know its parameter such that in which frequency core generate or maintain its higest inductance so that we can fix our smps frequency first, then how much temp it holds its inductance value , how to measure saturation flux density, etc.Say i have a core but dont have any data sheet ,now i have to find out its property for implimenting core in SMPS.
@hedleyfurio
@hedleyfurio 3 года назад
If possible could you simulate a common mode choke as found in a lan transformer . This caused months of problems when using on POE . I think common mode choke got saturated so as cable got longer line noise went up . Workaround was to flip transformer so the common mode choke was on the phy side vs the line side . Better results but I don’t really understand what was happening .
@anshaggarwal2060
@anshaggarwal2060 3 года назад
Hey, thanks for this video and for the other videos. I have a question about a datasheet of an inductor core that I picked up, it has only Bsaturation (magnetic flux density at the saturation current), could you describe how one can calculate the saturation current out of it? Thanks in advance
@pabloezequieldominguez6954
@pabloezequieldominguez6954 9 месяцев назад
Excellent, thank you very much
@lowcurrent
@lowcurrent 2 года назад
Are there more informations about the power amplifier?
@shanefrank3281
@shanefrank3281 3 года назад
Very helpful video. But I have a couple of questions. For the 100mA offset case, I calculated 35 ohms instead of 32 ohms. I know it is close, but just wanted to make sure I understood things. (50x (750/440) - 50). Also, you are using the BLM21PG221SN1and say the datasheet has the impedance listed at 80R at 10Mhz, but when I look up the data sheet it is 220 ohms at 100MHz. Is that correct? Thanks again!
@FesZElectronics
@FesZElectronics 3 года назад
Hello Shane! You are right, for the calculation its 35R, I made a mistake when copying the value. For the second part, the datasheet does say 220R at 100MHz, but you also get a graph showing how impedance varies over a wider range. Impedance is not a constant, only at 100MHz do you get 220R at other frequencies its different, and since I was interested in 10MHz, I extracted the 80R value (see: www.murata.com/en-eu/products/productdetail?partno=BLM21PG221SN1%23 there is an impedance graph from 1MHz to 3GHz)
@shanefrank3281
@shanefrank3281 3 года назад
@@FesZElectronics Thanks for the response and the datasheet link. The one I had come across didn't have any graphs so that is why I was confused.
@neteagle2k9
@neteagle2k9 3 года назад
Hi very interressing video, thanks. Can you show the inside of your DIY signal generator ?
@FesZElectronics
@FesZElectronics 3 года назад
Hello! Well, the signal generator is an Analog Discovery 2; the power amplifier is the only "DIY" part
@JohnDuthie
@JohnDuthie 3 года назад
Are inductors trying to reduce the magnetic field or the opposite? I still have a lot to learn.
@FesZElectronics
@FesZElectronics 3 года назад
I'm not sure I follow. The inductor is the main generator of the magnetic field. The core just helps with the magnetic flux density.
@stevenbliss989
@stevenbliss989 3 года назад
Ever considered doing a DIY saturation tester?
@FesZElectronics
@FesZElectronics 3 года назад
Not really... I don't have anything planned for that at the moment.
@yakupemre1
@yakupemre1 3 года назад
Hi man, your videos are great. I have only one question. Can I use paralel inductor for prevent saturation. Is this stution have a disadvantages?
@FesZElectronics
@FesZElectronics 3 года назад
Well, you could use 2 inductors in parallel, to half the current, but that would also half the inductance (total value of inductors is calculated like for resistors); on the other hand, it should be easier to just use a bigger inductor; I mean, it should occupy less space and also be cheaper than using 2 or more inductors of smaller current rating.
@ovidius2000
@ovidius2000 8 месяцев назад
​@@FesZElectronicsbiggerIronCoreMeansItCanStoreMoreMagnetismUntilReachesSaturation?
@BjornV78
@BjornV78 3 года назад
6:14 So if you placed a small electromagnet nearby a inductor, you can satured the inductor galvanic ? Can this not be used on a SMPS to control the output ?
@Telectronics
@Telectronics 3 года назад
You can blow up your SMPS with that method
@Telectronics
@Telectronics 3 года назад
Nice old technology I didn´t know that it was used but what I was meaning If you overdo the saturation increase. The electromagnet in the video made the inductance near zero.
@BjornV78
@BjornV78 3 года назад
@Joachim Shekelberg , i didn't know this technique of controlling a SMPS, but it was the first thing what came to my mind. My guess is, if the inductor get satured from a external source, that the inductor acts like a coil connected to pure DC and gets hots or burn out ?
@BjornV78
@BjornV78 3 года назад
@Joachim Shekelberg , what i meant was, that a inductor in a SMPS normally deals with pulsating DC right before this pulsating DC gets to the little pulse transformer. And when the inductor gets satured with a electro magnet, the inductor acts like a coil where a pure DC voltage is connected to. Grtz from Belgium.
@Telectronics
@Telectronics 3 года назад
@Joachim Shekelberg Yes you are right but your saturable reactor depends on the load to not blow up. If you try to push more current at the AC side you will burn the inductor out too. To be clear I mean in saturation mode If you are out of saturation(depends on your potentiometer) your current will be limited by reactance.
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