What is the current justification for the use of TAP? If I am not mistaken The ESE no longer recommends it since it is no better than Calcium Hydroxide, it is harder to remove, TAP is more toxic for stem cells and its mechanism of action is somewhat unknown. To some extent, the decision and justification for using it depends on the philosophy the clinician was trained in and the literature directly influencing her/him. I'd rather use C.H. since, in my opinion, is better understood and there's no risk of adverse effects or antimicrobial resistance.