Excellent video! Just to add my two cents, even by Australian pronunciation standards, Julia Gillard's accent is a little unusual. There aren't too many Australians who speak exactly like that.
English should return healthy to anglophone world, english is losing his consistence, substance, inner center , many varieties, pidgins and kryols derivated from english. Its sick global situation for this idiom in the deepest truth. Nice well vídeo. 🤙🤙🤙🤙
As a French learner, I had an experience similar to your Se7en experience: dialog in TV shows and movies was (and is) much more difficult for me to understand than, say, a professor’s lecture.
THANK YOU so much Teacher Martin !! i'm from Ecuador and I really liked this video, i'm studying about this topic in my university and its very interesting..
Martin, congratulations for this awesome job you've done on variation. I show it to my students in Brazil. It works very well for discussing the variation subject in English classes.
I believe the example of the Malaysian English here is a variant of Indian-Malaysian English. I had difficulty to guess where he came from, I thought he was from Indonesia or some African country because of the /t/ sound. The Malaysian-English I'm familiar with are Chinese- and Malay-English variants, from what I know, they do not pronounce /r/ that way. The speaker also doesn't use typical Malaysian-English words like 'lah', 'ah', etc.
Dear Martin, being a language lover myself I paid attention to your crystal clear pronunciation and noted your specific pronunciation of "variation" and "variable" /æ/ differing from the American standard /e/ and thought you might like to polish it up. Or not. Respectfully! :-)
Hiiiii .... Could you please tell me the sentence " where are u going" and its variants are lexical/linguistic variables or syntactic variable ? And the 2nd question is that is this variable " where are you going" is dependent or independent variable?
If your question concerns the variation between "you" and "u" in "Where are you/u going", then the choice between "you" and "u" is the dependent variable. That means you have a research design that tries to explain why people use one or the other. Independent variables that drive the choice would include age, gender, the context in which the forms are written, etc. OK, now is the choice lexical or syntactic? I'd say it's neither, it is orthographic. Lexical variation would be something like "That's inaccurate" vs. "That's bulls**t", syntactic variation would be "It's cool to be three years old" vs. "It's cool being three years old".
@@MartinHilpert ooohhh thanku sooo much..you are so kind. I wasn't expecting a reply soo quickly once again Thanku soo much... Can I ask one more question?? Ok by considering your "yes". here is my question 😀 If we take an interrogative sentence as a variable and in its variant forms the meaning remain same but form varies so will it be lexical variation?? And will it be dependent variable which will depend on region , age and education level?
Great video! What I find interesting is that, at least in my two languages, phonological variation is the least, er, "socially noticeable", if that makes any sense. Oftentimes even official grammars will allow for different phonological variations of a word or sound, but when it comes to lexical, and especially morphological and syntactic variations, it is far more likely for them to be labeled as "incorrect", "ungrammatical", etc. I wonder why that is? I thought it had to do with phonological variants being more permanent (i.e. if I pronounce car as /kɑr/ I'm unlikely to pronounce it as /ka:/), but as you pointed out they aren't necessarily all that permanent - my own pronunciation of the word "either" is, uh, much more changeable.
It's true that some aspects of phonology are not readily accessible to consciousness. What sociolinguists call 'change from below' describes sound change that speakers are not even aware of! My guess is that morphological cases of variation are so salient because they often reflect patterns of L2 learner language that are easily viewed as 'mistakes'.
