I am so appreciative that the right people with tyrannosaurus fossils said hey let's cut them open and take another look. The amount of information we can get from cutting open priceless fossils is priceless ♥️
My mind is more boggled that we have any evidence of these creatures at all! The chances of millions of years of preservation after death are astronomicaly small.
@@ThePizzaGoblin Eh? I wonder how interested in fossils the millions of murdered, starving, censored and socially controlled people were or are under communist rule?
This was a fantastic video, thank you so much for all of the knowledge you shared with us. I can't wait to see more from you! My favorite was also the Q and A at the end, definitely do more of those!
This channel is fantastic! With content like this I expect a very healthy increase in subscribers. I enjoy many channels like this and this is without doubt right up there with the best! Please keep up the great work.
disclaimer: I'm not a paleontologist Maybe it's due to where they're nested, phylogenetically? Tyrannosauroids are coelurosaurs and descend from relatively small-ish animals that would've had comparatively shorter lifespans, could be a sort of ancestral trait that they never got to shake off as they increased in size. Carcharodontosaurs on the other hand are nested deep within the carnosaurs and would've been filling the large bodied apex predator niche for a considerable timespan. Just a layman's hypothesis tho.
@@enderman_666 very good theory tbh, it would be so interesting if we could compare what the intelligence level between a Rex and other mega theropods is like. Course it’s very unlikely we will ever know, but these creatures just fascinate me so much
@@jwsanders1214 its mostly has to do with the fossils i think, in the same way they can know if an animal was an infant or an old adult, i dunno maybe im mistaken but it probably works on the same way.
I just did a lecture on this back on December 3rd at a college here in Texas! Great job! My full lecture will be uploaded later this month but you can check it out on our Facebook page.
Great! I'll check it out. I am doing an in person lecture on the 15th about the triceratops, but I'll be hosting a chatroom for people to join around the world. So far I've got 500 ppl wanting to join. I've always wanted to be an educator. It's a dream come true really
@@hobart0011 it's allot of fun, this is my company's page but my name is Rex. I'm a Paleontologist at a museum in Hillsboro Texas, was featured in season 2 of dino hunters, and my main study is Tyrannosaurs. If you ever want to have me on one of your RU-vid videos I'd be more than happy to assist you.
I think T-Rex would not keep that horizontal position all day 24 hours , I think he sat down to rest and sleep . Thank you from Morocco , this is better than some TV Documentaries , simple and methodical .
I was wondering if the small arm size has to do with anchor points and balance for muscles needed to support and articulate the head. Maybe the muscles needed to support the enlarged head needed more room to attach to the shoulders. If the bone was bigger the arms would enlarge messing up the balance between the head and tail? Perhaps all the effort was placed in reinforcing and evolving the head and jaws leaving the arms to suffer.
@@hobart0011 I find it interesting that kangaroos have a similar small arm, large thick tail, powerful hind leg morphology. Kangaroos like to sit/stand up on the hind legs and tail , like a tripod and look around for danger.
holy this was good! keep these up, i didn't think i'd last the 90 min, but did so very easily. Listened to the trike one after, and will look forward to any you do in the future!
Re: Binocular vision, other theropods also did have binocular vision-just over a smaller area than in tyrannosaurids due to a smaller field of visual overlap. Re: Heterodonty, much of the reason for them having maxillary teeth with a flattened, meat-scraping edge was to compensate for the fact tyrannosaurids were less effective slicers than other predatory theropods that hunted relatively large prey (by this I mean cases where the predator:prey size ratio is similar to that found in living terrestrial predators considered to hunt large prey, such as wolves or big cats). Tyrannosaurids evolved higher bite forces and a much more effective jaw grip in exchange for reduced slicing functionality.
Tyranosaurids ruled the northern hempishere and the abelisaurids rules the southern hempishere. Here in australia we had the majungasaurus. From my knowledge, dont hurt me Great videos :)
I lived in Bowbells for a few years. building a foundation around Northgate and a geologist came along and asked if he could poke around in a nearby field. at lunch he came over and showed us a set of megladon teeth. found them pretty much right on top of the ground were the beast landed. then in Florida , 50 feet off shore, 10 feet of water. right on top , megladon teeth and mammoth jaw right next to each other. I guess my question is how do we quantify millions of years? did scientists recently find frozen Dino eggs in Antarctica? did we find DNA in Dino bone ? not claiming, just heard .
Mammoth bones were not fossilized yet. They are mich younger. Dinosaurs, other than birds, didn't live during the ice age. DNA decays within a couple thousand years. We are having trouble getting little bits of mammoth DNA, and will never get dino DNA. There is no debate weather the earth is billions of years old or not. Just like there is no debate weather the Earth is a globe or flat. Those are miss informed people spreading very fragmented arguments that make no sense. I am knowledgeable in cosmology, chemistry, geology, biology, and paleontology. I promise you. We have a very good idea of how old the planet is and what animals lived at what times. Thank you for bringing up the question
Hearing you talk about Sue's arm injuries made me think, maybe the T-rex arms are so small because they are easy targets for other T-rex. They compete predominantly with their mouths and anything that can be bitten off is a disadvantage. So the small arms are tucked against the body, out if the way.
I do believe the T rex was probably one of the best parents in the natural world. 1. Its big head 2. Its bite force 3. Its small arms 4. Its can't fly 5. Its massive weight and size All these factors point to a creature with some of the best subtlety and strenght control to protect and nurture its young. I've seen different discussions on whether the T rex was social or not but I do believe that the T rex was social.
I think there is a T rex that we do know was female because they found medullary tissue which is found in birds when they are ovulating, the specimen is "B rex".
I learned it shortly after this lecture was recorded. Thank you for your correction. Always appreciate it. This fact is the opening statement on my #005 podcast.
Thorough overview. One thing around 1:11 tho. If you have ONE dinosaur cell - intact - you can trigger this cell into almost all other type of cell we have. There is still problems, but the argument that 'they have only create ONE cell yet' so therefore there's a long way to go, gives a wrong picture. We don't need one of each cell type. The problem I see is that that cells can only divert back to earlier stemcell/types if the first generated cell is close to being complete. Error correction in the cell can only do so much..
Just an odd thought, is it even slightly posibal the reason why we've never found eggs or hatchling t-rex is because they gave live birth to a single young? We have seen odder things in the animal kingdom before. I doubt that's how it worked. might explain a few things. Low birth rates, and the lack of said fossils.
Considering the size of these animals I always wondered if we can make predictions on population sizes. Just imagine what a 15 m Edmontosaur had to eat per day let alone Argentinosaur and its peers.... and they are depicted living in herdes!!!! How big were populations and how much biomass were existing to feed them? How much living space was available for animals that big? Sometimes I think the biggest dinos must have been actually scarce. And sometimes I think they had to be everywhere considering the probability of fossilisation.
Interesting. I'm only 7:50 in and I have a question! If no Tyrannosaur eggs have ever been found, are we sure it laid them? Live birth would not be unprecedented would it (I'm thinking of viviparous reptiles, for example).
It is possible that tarbosaurs maybe a invalid genus I know it’s debatable but it kind of makes sense really and as a matter of fact tarbosaurs/ tyrannosaurs would’ve migrated to North America and evolved into Tyrannosaurus rex
There are some paleontologists that argue that the Tarbosaurus should be placed in the Tryannosaurus genus. In fact, I went to a natural history museum in Arizona that had a Tarbosaur mount they they labled as Tryannosaurs bataar.
Really interesting. The more I learn about the T-Rex, the more it seems like the ultimate land predator. Not just huge, but extremely powerful even compared to other therapods of a similar size or larger. The strongest bite force of any land predator. The best vision of any terrestrial animal, and one of the best senses of smell. Fast for its size. And filling pretty much every predatory niche in its environment from birth until death to the point where there are virtually no other predators to compete with it. My question at the moment is if any research has been done into how large therapods like T-Rex slept. How does something with that body plan and that size rest? Could they lie down? And if so, how did they pick themselves back up with such tiny arms? Do their legs bend in such a way that they can put their heads and tails down like dogs do? Some have said that if a T-Rex fell down that it would die, both from the impact of such a large mass striking the ground and from not being able to get back up. I've never seen anything about the sleep issue though.
@@hobart0011 I can more easily picture a Sauropod sleeping standing with its head on the ground, between having 4 tree-trunk legs instead of 2 legs built for speed and having very small heads compared to their bodies and necks. A sauropod could lift its head off the ground much easier than something with a head as large as a T-Rex.
There are many ways. If you know the age of the rock you found the fossil in, or find specific feature that is known to have appeared later in their evolution. Any study or method alone doesn't have much credibility. When we add all our data together, we have a much more accurate understanding.
59:55 I think you'll find that the difference of where organs are located in the human body is totally different from the ages of birth to two years of age so just because you can't see change, it don't mean that its not happening.
More detailed scientific analysis of T-rex indicates that an adult T-rex was unlikely to ever exceed 20mph and might have been limited to about 15mph. Juveniles were very likely somewhat faster given there more gracile form, but adults were more likely limited to 15-20mph. At 20mph they would be faster than many human beings but far from what a fit athlete, male or female, could do. The limiting factor is bone strength and to be able to move faster than that would require muscles so strong the bones would not be able to support that force. Even with air-filled bones as T-rex had! Also, they would not be able to move fast for long periods do to heat shedding limits on large animals -- the square-cube problem!
During the later parts of the Cretaceous didn't the Western Interior Seaway start to 'retreat' to the South leaving a sort of 'land bridge' between Laramidia and Appalachia? I know there's no fossil evidence of it, but would not the T Rex have moved east, making it the ULTIMATE 'invasive species'? I'd hate to have been one of the 'minor' tyrannosaurids living in the east if or when the Rex arrived.
Yes. We don't really have a formation in eastern USA that dates to late Cretaceous. Well, not that I know of. We may find that the T. rex made it across to Appalachia one day.
@@hobart0011 Also the North and Southeast are just too built up to do much fossil prospecting. I can't imagine digging around Camden or Newark--we might find Jimmy Hoffa before we find a T Rex.
So, we don't have any eggs and embryos of Tyrannosaurids in reality but it is still a common claim in Reddit that several eggs and embryos of Tyrannosaurids have been found and they proof that all Tyrannosaurids were featherless and covered with scales and bony plates. This revelation makes that claim sound funny.
@@hobart0011 Now that you've replied..... My comments look "jerk-ish" instead of my intention, which was to share trivia. Your information was researched, detailed, interesting, vast and a host of other qualities. It would probably take me a few lifetimes to put together AND deliver that lecture. Yet, instead of complementing and thanking you for enriching my life..... for free, I pointed to fault. Expressing "your right to be right" is a misstep that's easily and often taken in the RU-vid comments section. Sorry. I really enjoyed the lecture. Thank you.
I do really appreciate any and all corrections. This is an educational video, and I'm not perfect by any means. More so I appreciate your kind words. Thank you
As the moon is drifting away, the earth spin should speed up so...I would think the dinos experienced a longer day. I gotta learn about those facial bite marks. Cuban anoles (lizards)will fight by mouth clamping and jerking their bodies but they have wider than taller mouths.
social bites www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2021/september/tyrannosaurs-competed-by-biting-each-others-face.html#:~:text=The%20findings%20suggest%20that%20male,been%20part%20of%20courtship%20behaviour.
Lately, I'm seeing more and more convincing evidence that Nanotyrannus is it's own species and not a juvenile Tyrannosaurus Rex. On Sunday, I am recovering an interview with a paleontologist that will have much more information on this matter. I will be releasing that video within a week from today or so
@@tschandler2 The original description of the Nanotyrannus Holotype had it described as a Gorgosaurus, Gorgosaurus is closer to Albertosaurus, so I'd go with Albertosaurine.
Did the earth atmosphere and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide make a contribution to the Dinosaurs size? There is certainly alot less large animals around. Big carnivores need big herbivores.
The most recent major extinction (Younger Dryas) wiped out most of the large animals around. That was only 12,900 years ago. I'd doubt that gasses in the atmosphere contributed to sizes. We are still in an ice age today. Life on earth does a lot better when the planet is a lot warmer than it is today. I'm positive that there will be giants again if we wait another 50 million years for them to evolve.
Is the Torosaurus skull so much lighter built than the triceratops skull? Because i read that the largest skull is from Torosaurus (even larger than Big John´s skull) but it´s estimated smaller and lighter than triceratops. Otherwise it wouldn´t make much sens for me... no?!
@@hobart0011 I enjoy just sitting down to learn about something. Tyrannosaurus Rex would never have been able to roar, which I found interesting. It would have destroyed its own hearing. Instead it's thought that it made low rumblings that would have been felt miles away. Mammals still have an instinctual fear of low frequency sounds that is absent in birds. At least that's what I've learned from other documentary channels
Given the "bites on 50% of large (but not yet mature)" rexes, and about 60% of adult-sized rexes, could that be a sex marker? Certainly not as sure as some others, but it seems likely fewer females were biting each other in the face competing for males...
@@hobart0011 I read both articles you sent me very interesting reading but after reading both of them it's still seeming like it's an estimated guess by using skull measurements and comparing modern animal biology for sight and using modern bird and reptile dna for skin texture im not saying it's wrong or wright just interested to see how these scientist are coming to these certain conclusions
@@antonymarjeram576 that's why I said "in theory", and that's how paleontological ecology works. We can only study what's around today and make best guesses. They do make sure the rules fit across all life though. Not just the one animal they are talking about.
@@hobart0011 Ok fair enough I'm only asking questions don't get upset someone is questioning facks and theory thats what social media is a designed platform for
You know it just freaking kills me sauropods they keep showing them with vertical necks when they have proven they used their neck like a suspension bridge to do the most amount of grazing with the least amount of movement. So many museums show them with a vertical neck which in that articulation they are showing a dinosaur with a broken neck WTF 🤕🤕🤕
I'm going to disagree about trex only hunting the young and the sick. All of the evidence is clearly showing trex to be a persistence hunter. Not very fast, but able to "power walk" for long periods of time. Long enough to completely exhaust whatever prey animal they are chasing. And if you are a persistence hunter, the best prey to chase are the largest, heaviest, animals with the largest and heaviest horns, because those are the animals that will get tired the quickest. And once a trex has chased a triceratops for 5+ hours, it is going to be too exhausted to fight back, rendering those massive horns useless. Young animals are going to be too fast, too energetic, and too easily able to hide. Going after adults is the way to go.
The claim that T. rex had the best vision of any land animal is a speculative claim, not a fact, IHMO. And the claim that they could see 6 km is likewise a serious extrapolation simply from the size of the eyeball. State your sources for these claims.
There is no evidence that trex raised or didn’t raise its young. No evidence that they socialized or didn’t. So I’m curious about how this guy came to some of these conclusion’s
The lack of evidence for caring for their young is why I think they didn't. We find other types of dinosaurs preserved with their young. I think they did. We have never found T rex in any type of group, so I don't think they traveled together. We find other types of dinosaurs buried together. I think they did. There is very much so evidence. Every time we find a rex alone. It tells us a great deal.
I just want to add. In my personal opinion, the loss of coral reefs and things polar bears due to climate change would be tragic, but it is completely false to say humans have nothing to fear from climate change. Climate change is going to create a refugee crisis of unspeakable proportions as entire regions become too hot for humans to survive, as people are no longer able to grow their traditional crops, as islands and coasts are flooded. The human devastation caused by global climate change is already shaping up to be the worst humanitarian disaster our species has faced in recorded history. The fossil fuel executives who worked tirelessly to cover the truth, the government officials who sat on their asses and did nothing, all of those people are currently committing the most vicious genocide humans have ever committed against other humans and they deserve to get the same treatment we gave the Nazis.
None of this will happen for a very long time. I know there are people trying to spread worry and panic. By the time temperatures are there (100s of years) we'll be prepared for it. It will be slow enough for humanity to be fine.
Fuel companies are not doing good things, but there is nothing happening like that right now. Idk how old you are, but the climate hasn't changed enough to effect humans at all yet.
@@hobart0011 Bro. I cannot believe I have to argue basic facts about climate change with an actual science enthusiast. We're in the midst of one of the worst humanitarian crises the world has ever experienced and you want to try to tell me we don't need to worry about this for "100's of years" ?
3:03 - Come on Man! 600 feet? You left out a zero! The Grand Canyon is over a mile deep - at around 6000 feet. Even the blurry photo you show reveals at least 4,000 vertical feet right there! (I'm a pilot and ski instructor.) Numbers are very important - and you blew it by an order of magnitude.
I have a theory about brontosauruses. Brontosauruses are very thin at one end, getting much thicker in the middle, and getting thin again at the opposite end. This is my theory
🤔 the Creator.. Age versus growth if we lived with dinosaurs what would be the top five dinosaurs for humans to most likely 💁use as cattle. 🤤 Talk about taking barbecue to a whole new level 🥰🤣♥️😘 I'm kind of serious I want an answer any takers 🙄🤕
Hello can you help me spread the Holy word of God's word as it is our duty children of God so more people know God's Holy word and the Gospel So share this or copy and paste this! God Bless you and have a Blessed day!
Unconormity is referring to "missing layers." This happens because some layers were exposed and eroded away before buried again. This is common when you look deep enough no matter where you are. This is why there are only certain places on earth that show certain periods of time.
Should be titled "Evolution of Tyrannosaurus Story " First bones discovered in Montana in 1902 and given the name King Lizard , then the story was built from there , but its only a made up story , not truth by any means ,
The prize to the first ignorant comment goes to you. I'm sad for you. Your religion is hindering you from learning so much. I hope you find your own path away from taking religion too seriously.
Well, RU-vid analytics doesn't know the difference between ignorant and intelligent comments. Thanks for helping my post be seen by more people looking to actually learn.
