Famous European Crowns 

My wife and I watched this video together and did a reaction to it: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-cIab73mu0OI.html

The orb and cross is proof that even medieval people didn’t think the earth was flat.

“So how many diamonds do you want?” Russia: Yes

8:18 Monomakh's Cap is so badass 🤟🏻

1:15 - 6:14 =Imperial State Crown/UK 6:16 - 7:44 =Corona Tumular/Spain 7:45 - 9:24 = Imperial Crown/Russia 9:25 - 10:44 = Crown of Eric XIV/Sweden 10:46 - 12:34 = Crown of St. Wenceslas/Bohemia 12:35 - 14:04 = Crown of Bołslaw The Brave/Poland 14:06 - 16:14 = Holy Crown of Hungary/Hungary 16:16 - 19:04 = Imperial Crown/Holy Roman Empire 19:05 - 20:24 = Crown of Charlemagne/France 20:26 - 23:04 = Iron Crown of Lombardy/Italy

Imagine if some guy just has the Crown of Charlemagne chilling in his attic.

The crooked cross on the hungarian crown is just so iconic.

The Russian crown is breathtakingly beautiful. That, and our UK crown, are my favourites, followed by Hungary.

Great video! I would like to point out that the replica of the Polish Royal Crown has been re-created in 2001 - 2003 and it was based on the detailed drawings of the crown (prior to Poland's last partition) and based on the old paintings. Note that the Crown has been taken by the Prussians and melted down, but the coronary sword called Szczerbiec survived. Both the Crown and Szczerbies are on display in Krakow. Come visit!

I personally would like a history lesson on royal consorts and how they were chosen and their roles in the historical and the contemporary.

Correction: 48 cm is the (inner) *circumference* of the Iron Crown of Lombardy, not the diameter.

The bohemian crown makes it sound like an assassins creed mission with 7 different keys on 7 different people

the Bohemian crown is incredible and soo beautiful. it looks like a crown created in the Art Deco period. just stunning! :) 👑

Bohemian crown requires 7 keys to be accessed ... or one LockpickingLawyer :-D

I'm Hungarian, and I'm actually surprised, many people in the comment section find the Hungarian crown appealing. It definitely isn't the most beautiful one, but it stands out from the rest with its unique design, and it's really got a deep and complicated history.

Fun Fact: The Hungarian crown was taken to the US after WW2, and it was guarded in Fort Knox.

Russia's crown just looks clean and stunning. Close second is the British. The purple velvet is really nice with the jewels.

The Hungarian crown has a lot more interesting stories about it, it has been hiden and stolen a lot of times, it started wars and revolutions and also effectivly it was and still is, acording to tradition, treated as a person and whe the kingdom existed it was the coruler of the king and the nobles, only the legitimate combination of those three were considered to be legitimate to rule over Hungary. Also if you where not crowned at an exact place by an exact person you were not considered king of Hungary and had no power doesn't matter who you are. Also if you where illegitimately crowned you died, just as with the Bohemian crown, but we have proof of multiple cases where the previous ruler was still alive when someone was crowned and they all died within a year. I think it's a beautiful and uniqe crown, I have seen it in real life, and it certainly has an adventurous and mysterious story, I recomend reading about it.

Fun fact: The Holy Crown of Hungary was considered a legal entity in its own right... According to Baron Péter Révay de Szklabina et Blathnicza, who lived from 1568 - 1622 and was the official responsible for the safekeeping of the Holy Crown, the crown itself had personhood and as a legal entity is identical to the state of Hungary. It is superior to the ruling monarch, who rules "in the name of the crown". Thus it survived the fall of the Hungarian Monarchy, because it was the symbol of Hungary itself, and not its monarchy.

Russian crown is really stunning! Russian emperor porcelain also beautiful.. even old techniques as skan' or a filigree. I'm in love with our artists especially the Peredvizhniki ❤ so proud of our culture

The Iron Crown of Italy is simply so beautiful and ancient. It is as close as we can get to a crown from antiquity. Shame none of those have survived to this day.

Four of the crowns on the list were last worn by a Habsburg. (Hungarian Crown, Bohemian Crown, Holy Roman Imperial Crown and Lombard Crown).

I love the Czech, Russian, Holy Roman and Hungarian crowns the most.

The russian one is just spectacular....

Monomakh's hat is the best winter accessory

The Imperial Russian crown is simply beautiful.

Romania: - Make crown out of expensive materials? Nah. - Make crown out of an Ottoman cannon? Of course!

I thoroughly enjoy your channel. Your historical research must be very time consuming and it is appreciated. Thank you for all of your presentations.

I LOVED your video. Your description of, knowledge of and pronunciation of words were perfect.

Great work, I as Czech especially adore that, you include legend about crown. It's not so often that foreign peoples know about it.

My favorite-hungarian crown

Russia's Great Imperial Crown is in the Diamond Fund Museum next to the Armory Museum in the Kremlin. Requires a separate admission ticket. Well worth it.

By the way, the Russian crown is considered the most expensive crown in history

I think the russian and the lombardy crown are prettiest. The russian one cause of the delicate decoration, the colour of the metal and the over abundance of glitter (diamonds) The Lombardy one cause its different shaped, it looks wearable, and how beautiful its made For the holy roman empire one, it wouldnt surprise me if the original stone that was there broke, if its an Opal. They are said to be quite vuneralable.

Russia’s crown is so beautiful

8:24 monomakh crown has greek origin, there was even byzantium emperor Constantine IX Monomachos

Russian, Sweden, bohemian are epic

And there are ottomans who is like "yeah big onions are nice"

Me at 3 am with some cardboard, hot glue, glitter, cotton balls and fake gem stones: Hold on your going to fast

The tilted cross of the hungarian crown gives it a live vibe. Like: "I'm not an antiquated item, I Still have action in me!"

It's worth mentioning that the Crown of Bolesław the Brave's replica has been made with an addition of gold from Prussian coins minted during the estimated time of the original regalia's (that included several other Polish crowns, one of which, by the way, was a 16th century copy of the Hungarian Crown!) melting. Therefore you may say that the continuity of the Polish coronating regalia has been restored, if we don't count the Szczerbiec sword and the Spear of St. Maurice. Another fact, despite the name, it has hardly anything to do with king Bolesław. The original crown, dating back to at least 1025, was taken from the Gniezno Cathedral during the short reign of Wenceslas II of Bohemia in Poland (1300-1305). After that the trace has been lost due to the chaos that took place in nowadays Czechia, after the Přemyslid dynasty died out dramatically in 1306. When in 1314 Władysław Łokietek (W. Ell-heigh, W. the Short) re-unified Greater and Lesser Poland and began his tries to restore the kingdom (finalized in 1320), he had to order brand new regalia, including the crown. Since John of Luxembourg, the new king of Bohemia, already claimed to be the true heir to the Polish throne, Władysław tried his best to strenghten his own claims, thus the names of the Crown and the Szczerbiec sword (which also is not the sword that according to legend was given to Bolesław by an angel). The names have stuck ever since.

Wait a sec. The Iron Crown's diameter is 17cm (so it's pretty small, about 6.5 inches) instead of 48 (it will be exaggeratedly large, about 19 inches). Its circumference is 48cm. Greetings from Monza province!

12:34 Lock Picking Lawyer: Heres how I got access to the crown of bohemia with 3 paper clips and a tube of crest toothpaste.

I really don't know how I bumped into this channel but you earned a new subscriber.

That was .... excellent!!! Your history of the crowns was captivating. I could have watched a 2 hour documentary on all the crowns of the world joyfully!

Fascinating indeed. The Russian crown is absolutely exquisite !

The crown of st. Wenceslass is a real life D&D magical item

THANK YOU!! This was so well informed and beautifully presented and explained. Wow !

The imperial crown is the best looking crown that can actually be worn The Russian crown is absolutely amazing though

The Holy Crown of Hungary is amazing 😍😍

There is something really interesting about the Bohemian (Czech) crown that the other crowns don't have... And the Russian crown is the most beautiful from all of these in my opinion.

The russian crown as Russia is huge, rich and snow-white!

I personally like the Iron crown of Lombardy. It’s simple, and while I guess the point of crowns is to be flashy, the iron crown looks the best to me. It’s not crowded like the russian crown. I like the Spanish crown aswell, but i think that the ceremonial weight the iron crown carries, and how old it is, makes it more impressive.

"Who is the best claim to rule Antarctica?" *DO IT* (Apparently Emus are the best claim so far)

The Hungarian Crown looks like it has a history, not like those other fancy showroom pieces. It looks like a king has actually had word it in battles. Including losing ones.

About the Hungarian crown: There is another legend about the cross. They say it was damaged when the king was in a battle. And the crown's cross stayed like that through all these centuries

I really enjoyed this, fascinated with the designs and use of these gorgeous crowns. I think we all should have one of our own. 😄👑

Two notes: 1) The name in the Polish "Crown of Bolesław" is correctly pronounced: /bɔ' lɛ suɑv/ 2) the fleur-de-lis has origins which far surpass its use by the Franks, with appearances in royal iconography dating back to ancient Mesopotamia/Sumer.

The Holy Roman Empire crown is actually housed in the Hofburg treasury. There we can also find the austrian crown. I highly recommend visiting the treasury in Vienna. It houses some of the most important, beautiful and valuble objects of Europe.

You should a value video of each of the crowns. I find this fascinating.

Hungarian's crown is the oldest still existing.

More, please! Your descriptions not only precisely describe the crowns, but you place them in context in an accessible way. Thank you.

Very interesting, thank you. The crown of King Wenceslas is really stunning in how unusually modern it looks despite being one of the oldest!

15:58- The reason why the Royal Crown of Hungary was 'closed in a heavy box' was that that nation was at the edge of the impending Mongol Empire invasion in 1241 so they hid it away but when the Mongol army retreated( either to attend the distant funeral of the Grand Khan or to put down a rebellion elsewhere) and it was safe again, they discovered that that top cross had gotten bent- and they decided to leave it bent as a reminder to how close Hungary came to being conquered!

The Imperial State Crown is wonderful looking and very shiny, as a British Person myself, I really like this Crown and it’s history

Im from Czech (Bohemia) and I must say I didnt met single person who didnt know where our Crown is located. It is lockd in the "Katedrála svatého Václava, Vojtěcha a Víta" treasury, when the crown is taken out from the vault, TV and many more are watching the opening of THE door of the seven keys.

The hungarians bent the cross on the crown and just went: "welp, guess that's how it looks now."

All of the crowns are beautiful!

The fact that these crowns still exist and you can still see them is mind blowing

Papal Tiara: One Crown to Rule Them All

I'm very drawn to the crown from Russia. When I seen it at the beginning, I had a feeling it was Russian in origin. Clearly. The most beautiful of them all!

So interesting & informative. TY for sharing history & crowns with us😄👑👍

Loved the holy roman crown and the iron crown of lombardy not because of the aesthetic value but the history behind it. A relic from the midieval times is really really amazing.

I've seen the Corona Tumular in person when I visited the Royal Palace in Madrid. It's so accessible. I basically stumbled my way to the crown not knowing its history, but understanding that it represented Spain as a whole. Its the heart of Spain. I wasn't allowed to take any pictures and I wasn't allowed to be in the same room for too long. And the security guards were just brutal looking. I must have been about a 2 feet away from the crown. It was beautiful. I'm glad I shared that moment with my grandmother. I should bring it up next time I call her.

Самая шикарная и красивая корона - Российская. Просто шик и блеск!

The Bohemian Crown although looks funny like Jelly beans being attached...But this Crown i.e The St. Wencealas is one of the most dreadful and cursed crown in this world.....The history of this crown is really spooky

The Russian Imperial Crown was preceded by the cap of Monomakh, which is referenced in Pushkin's play Boris Godunov, where the titular character's most iconic line is actually an allegory: "O, thou art heavy, crown of Monomakh!" It was named after Grand Prince Vladimir Monomakh, who made Moscow the Capital of the Rus after Kiev was attacked by the Mongols.

Some people dispute the originality of the icon of the Byzantine emperor (and two others) on the Hungarian holy crown, which is the only proof it wasn’t the first crown of Hungary, which was used in 1000. If you look closer at the icon of the emperor, it is bigger than its frame, and it is literally nailed atop its icon slot with two golden nails, making its originality very questionable (one is visible at 14:45). There is also an old written description of the crown which describes the icon of Mary the virgin at the place of the Byzantine emperor (which also makes much more sense if you look at the layout of the biblical figures on the crown). Also, there is no proof that the two parts of the crowns were ever used separately, or was intended to be used separately. The lower crown is also very big, no human would have big enough head to wear it in itself, it’s clearly visible on the footage from the last coronation in 1916.

All of the crowns are beautiful, but the Russian crown is stunning 😍

You can also say about the Russian wives of foreign rulers!) The younger sister of Nicholas II, Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna, wrote in her memoirs: “... the only ruling houses not connected with the Romanovs were the Habsburgs, the Bourbons and the house of Braganza...” Russian grand dukes married foreign princesses, princesses married rulers of other states. The daughter of Yaroslav the Wise became the French queen, the granddaughter of Catherine II ruled in Weimar and participated in the Congress of Vienna, and the niece of Alexander II was appointed regent in Greece. Anna Yaroslavna was the daughter of the Kyiv prince Yaroslav the Wise and the Swedish princess Ingigerda, who after baptism became Irina. No information about the princess’s life has been preserved in Russian chronicles, but she is often mentioned in foreign documents. The French historian François de Mézeret wrote that King Henry I “reached the fame of the charms of the princess, namely Anne... and he was fascinated by the story of her perfections.” The monarch asked for the hand of the Russian princess. The wedding took place in May 1051, on Trinity Day. During the ceremony, the bride refused to swear in the Latin Bible and took an oath in the Slavic church manuscript. Anna Yaroslavna became co-ruler of Henry I. For a woman of that time, she received a good education: she spoke several languages, understood politics and medicine. Many state documents bore the signatures of both spouses or the king’s instructions: “With the consent of my wife Anne,” “In the presence of Queen Anne.” In 1052, the monarchs gave birth to an heir - the future ruler of France, Philip I. In 1059, while his father was still alive, the seven-year-old prince was crowned. When Henry died, Count Baudouin of Flanders was appointed regent and guardian of the minor monarch. However, Anna Yaroslavna still participated in government affairs, accompanied her son on trips around the country and signed documents with him. In the 1060s, the queen moved from Paris to the city of Senlis and founded the convent of St. Vincent there. A sculpture of Anna Yaroslavna with a miniature model of the temple in the palm of her hand was installed in the monastery church. On the pedestal of the sculpture there was an inscription: “Anna of Russia, Queen of France, erected this cathedral.” Anna Petrovna - Duchess of Holstein. Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter I and Catherine I, was born in 1708. A groom was chosen for Anna Petrovna when she was only 13 years old. He became Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein, a state on the Baltic coast. He was a relative of the Swedish king Charles XII and had rights to the throne of this state. Maria Pavlovna - Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. The third of six daughters of Paul I. In 1800, Paul I chose a groom for his daughter - Karl Friedrich, the eldest son and heir of the Duke of Saxe-Weimar. Karl Friedrich and Maria Pavlovna got married in August 1804. They spent their honeymoon in Pavlovsk and then went to Weimar. From that time on, Maria Pavlovna bore the title of Duchess of Saxe-Weimar. In Weimar, the Duchess studied German, literature, art history, and philosophy. One of her teachers and close friends was the writer Johann Wolfgang Goethe. . Maria Pavlovna also communicated with the famous German poet Friedrich Schiller. He dedicated the following lines to her: "A tree from another country, Transplanted by us Grow up, take roots In this soil, our home." The Duchess, together with her brother Alexander I, participated in the Congress of Vienna, at which new borders of European states were determined. As a result of the congress, neighboring Saxe-Eisenach joined the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar. In 1816, Maria Pavlovna returned to Weimar. There she founded vocational schools, schools for children from poor families, and shelters for street children. In the palace, the Duchess created a library with a free reading room. The summer court theater hosted musical performances for the townspeople. In 1826, Karl Friedrich ascended the throne, and his wife became the reigning duchess. Maria Pavlovna died in her palace in June 1859. She was buried in the Protestant cemetery in Weimar. The road along which the funeral procession walked was strewn with rose petals by the townspeople. Olga Nikolaevna - Queen of Württemberg. Olga Nikolaevna was the second daughter of Nicholas I. In 1846, the 23-year-old princess met Charles, the crown prince of the kingdom of Württemberg. Soon he proposed to Olga Nikolaevna. The wedding took place in July 1846, and the newlyweds moved to the capital of Württemberg - the city of Stuttgart. Olga Nikolaevna devoted almost all her time to charity. In Stuttgart, she founded a children's hospital, which was then named after her - Olgashospital, "Olga's Hospital". In 1856, the Princess of Württemberg created a society for the benefit of the blind, then opened a school for girls, which was later renamed the Royal Women's Gymnasium. In 1871, Charles I, who by that time had already become King of Württemberg, established the Order of Olga in honor of his wife. This award was given for charity, helping the sick and wounded. Olga Konstantinovna - Queen of Greece. Her father was the younger brother of Alexander II, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich. She married the Greek King George I. George and Olga Konstantinovna were married in Tsarskoe Selo in October 1867. A few weeks later the newlyweds left for Athens. In Greece, Olga Konstantinovna became involved in charity work. In Piraeus, where the Russian fleet was stationed, she ordered the opening of a hospital for military sailors. The Queen founded medical courses for women and completed them herself.

Can`t decide which one is more appealing to me, Hungary or the Crown of the Langobards.

The first video on this was one of my very favorites. Now this has to be my very favorite video on your channel. Excellent job Matt.

The best one if the Hungarian crown IMO. The bent cross makes it for me

Fun fact: Complex enamel work, as seen in several of these crowns, is called _cloisonne_ (kloy-zo-NAY). The individual colors are applied as powdered glass and then baked on in a kiln, creating the trademark depth and luster. Its a very delicate and fiddly process, making it time-consuming and hugely expensive to execute. In our modern times, most pieces that have "enamel work" are actually decorated with colored epoxies.

The Iron Crown is honestly my favorite. The enamel on it is beautiful

It's probably worth mentioning, that "Bohemia" is not only the name of the now-defunct Czech province (also styled "Bohemia proper") but also the antiquated name of the whole country, now officially called Czechia/Czech Republic. There is the same relation between Bohemia and Czechia as it is between Persia and Iran. Bohemia and Persia are exonyms used for centuries in both Latin and English and both were during the 20th century replaced with the names of domestic origin.

Awesome, i am from Milan and i loved you spoke about the iron crown (Corona Ferrea), i really apriciate your contents and all of your charts!

Can you do a silmarillion/lotr family tree timeline thing I would love that and I’ve asked this for a while lol Great video!

A small correction, the position of the door to the chamber is known, and it is at the St. Wenceslas chapel. Where the corridor after the door goes is the secret. That is the door which is opened with the 7 keys.

There was a crown made for the proposed Kingdom of Finland which was never used.

Crown of Wenseslas is the most beautiful! The older are much more interesting than the newer crowns, that have a similar look. Charlemagne had a lot of crowns!

In my opinion the crown of St. Wenceslas is the most beautiful. It really looks like a modern work of art.

Všechny koruny jsou překrásné a měli svou historii. Ale nádherná byla Ruská a Česká koruna a po ni ta Anglická. Děkuji za VIDEO bylo to velmy poučné.

I want a part 2. This is video was great, good job!

The poor bastard that had too count the diamonds on the imperial state crown. Imagine if you missed one. Oh no, I just missed something hundreds of thousands of dollars.

The Hungarian crown is the best of the shown crowns. See also the crown of Tsar Dushan the Mighty which had also these pendilia.

Do a part two on European crowns however many parts you need to do for each continent this could be a whole series

You're right, the crown known as the crown of Bolesław the Brave was made in 1320 for the coronation of King Władysław the Short

The Bohemian crown has the most personality.

great video, although i must admit, as a dane, when you showed the map at 1:07, i feel bit overlooked. I hope that the videos continues, keep up the great work