Bill, I am a network engineer and studied and employed Asynchronous Transfer Mode for a city in Oregon. My most common challenge was refraction changes due to over-eager "diggers" and cable-installers on the poles. Sometimes, the glass fiber cable would develop and "fracture" or break. This was like a monkey wrench in the works and so I truly appreciate your discussion of refraction. I love the engineer's perspective and your clear and concise teaching method!!!
Have to appreciate countless past engineers and scientists who have shaped our world and open the doors for further discovery and engineering. Channels like this are an inspiration and deserve at least as many views at youtube's reaction or prank channels.
Narinder Singh kapany is the the scientist who created fiber optics. Credit should be given to a discovery with which we are able to come in this digital age and watch such youtube videos
I love the animation where the binary approximations on the graph merge into a single line of binary code. It's a nice touch and it helped me see what's going on. Thank you Sir!
Yes, but about the modulation part, he should have said a simple example of encoding rather saying that's the way we do things. Because no, we don't really do it like that.
@@NN-sp9tu Well, first, the light is the carrier and we don't direct apply modulation on the carrier. You only mix the carrier with a modulated signal of much lower frequency. Then, there are many more types of modulations. Surely you have heard of frequency modulation for example. You give each frequency a code and you sample a certain period of time to figure the frequency out. And there are many more advanced techniques to mix different techniques together to squeeze out every possible bit of information capacity potential. See link for a picture how a mixed signal would look like. www.elprocus.com/pulse-amplitude-modulation/
Wow, I always imagined the transatlantic cable as being so much larger! I figured it was over a foot in diameter, and marveled at the sheer amount of material it would have taken, but that it's able to be so small yet durable and able to transmit to much information is even more marvelous!
it seems that other guys are very gatekeepy, saying your comment is wrong but not wanting to correct it 1. the cable is indeed thick, thicker than that stereo cable, you can just google for the exact diameter (idk whether it's one foot or not since I use metric) 2. they use more than one cable, even between same region (such as NA and EU), both to increase bandwidth and also to be a backup in case one is broken
Wish I had watched these videos before all of my digital communications classes. The big picture overview explained in layman's terms are very helpful. Often professors speak as if they are talking to a room of experienced professionals making it very hard to follow. Thank you for the videos!
I've studied all this in just theory. It's really amazing to see these theoretical concepts applied in real world. I just wish I had a professor like him.
Working for the phone company, we could use a flashlight to light up the other end of a fiber miles away so someone on the other end could confirm which fiber we were working with. I found fiber optic cable to be absolutely fascinating.
I'm so happy to see information presented in this style. No distracting questions. No personal confusions. Just principle and design explained clearly and efficiently.
I'm blown away at the amount of work that has gone into these videos. I see evidence of absolutely fantastic preparations and post production work. I'm a professional RU-vidr, father, volunteer, sole bread winner, and frankly I have as many hobbies as most Renaissance men. My channel is a one-man-band and it shows by comparison. Your ability to work with others and produce this body of work is fantastic!
It's amazing that they were explaining optical fibre 10 years back from now and Now we have this at our home as broadband connection. STEM is is amazing ❤️
Third year engineering student here. Learned and talked about fiber optics in physics 2. I remember when my teacher asked the class if someone can think of an example of total internal reflection and I suggested fiber optics. This video blew my mind. Subscribed!
"In Tat-8 signal travels 50km before it needs to be amplified" I was SO hoping you would show us HOW the signal gets amplified in a cable on the ocean floor.
It might just be some basic amplification method like some crystal that magnifies the incoming light? I mean it would likely have to be implemented in the cable itself all along its length. I also wanted him to explain that part.
4 years ago I watched this exact video as it was a link from my grade 12 physics class on optics. Discovered this channel today and only now realized I had actually discovered this guy 4 years ago. Gladly watching this again.
Banana Phone's answer is more accurate. The whole indoctrination thing, while real, does not have anything to do with this video, with learning, or even specifically with school, and does not explain why you learn more from a RU-vid video than from some lecture at school. Congratz on being edgy, though.
In this early system (if I recall correctly) they converted the signal to an electricial signal and then used a conventional amplifer. In later system they used an amazing erbium based amplifer -- an EDFA -- that is an optical amplifer. It uses stimulated emission like a laser. The wikipedia article on "optical amplifer" explains the essential concept.
I am a theology student with an interest in engineering and all things computers in general. You literally explained in 5 mins my biggest question that no professor sat down to help me understand.
I love how when you go and mess around with something you just automatically put on appropriate PPE. So automatic it doesn't even bear mention. Solid example.
I work in underground telecommunications construction and we install fiber and I've never really learned how this really worked until now. How fascinating, right under my nose.
Aren't the best cables used today using a gradual change in the index of reflection along the radial direction of the cable such that internal reflection losses are minimized?
I've placed hundreds of miles of fiber optic cable. Never really understanding how it worked. Now I'm watching this video while vaping on a electronic cigarette which uses propylene glycol. Things that make you say hmm. ✌️
Watching these videos are both facinating and humbling. Some humans are so incredibly smart and that people like me can hardly comprehend how their contribution to mankind works.
Add me to the list, however my first video had to do with the Titanic and a while back I was doing research on it and other shipwrecks. But admittedly that was a year or so back, so maybe a coincidence. RU-vid deep state at work?
Humans didn’t come up with fiber optics- it’s alien tech that we’ve gotten from downed craft, homie. Same as the integrated circuit and many, many, MANY other technologies. Fiber optics are not human, they are stolen from ETs.
3 weeks earlier: Oh man get out of my recommendations! 2 weeks earlier: Just get out of recommendation! 1 week earlier: I don't want to watch you! Today: Oh boy, I guess I must watch...
Could you make a video telling about the Brazilian Priest Father Landell de Moura, who become a first who transmitted the human voice using a system transmitting with electric waves using a light beam in 1890?
it is a usefull video for grade 12th students ; it describes the principle of 'TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION' . . . . . . . . . . Great thanks 👍 to 'engineerguy'❣️
A true scientist would never say "trust me". Well, I'm not scientist, but I think that what you see green are scattered photons from ambient light that pass through the water stream, hit the actual laser beam and are refracted in the camera's direction. Inside a cable, the photons from the laser beam should travel without external interference.
I think photons are coming in from behind the liquid, into your eye, so you can see what's in there, instead, because they refract through the water at an angle where they do escape, and they interact with the green light inside the stream. It's the light in the environment, not the light coming out from inside the stream itself.
@@EXHellfire That is an interesting explanation which is completely wrong. We can see the laser because he added a bit of milk to the liquid; that causes some of the light to diffuse out in all directions, and some of that gets to the camera and shows up as green. It's not very much, which is why he's filming in the dark.
