Peach is an important stone fruit crop of the temperate zone. High quality peaches are produced in higher hills
Peach requires deep sandy loam soil rich in organic matter with good drainage. The pH of the soil should be between 5.8 and 6.8. Acidic and saline soils are unfit for peach cultivation. The land with gentle slope is ideal for peach cultivation. The fruit thrives best in foothills, high hills and mid hills situation.
Land must be prepared by proper dig at 5m X 5m apart and the beds are fully filled with 20 kg of FYM, 125 g of urea and 25ml of chlorpyriphos. These are mixed with 30 cm soil and filled above 10 cm of ground level.
Time of sowing
T- budding is done in the first week of May. T -budded seedlings are ready for transplantation in field in the month of December-January.
Spacing
For planting square system is used with spacing of 6.5 m x 6.5 m.
Sowing Depth
The seeds of peach tree must be sown in beds which are 5 cm in depth with 12-16 cm apart from each other.
Method of sowing
In the starting budding /grafting is done and then transplanting method is used for growing the plants in the main field.
For propagation, grafting or budding method is used. For raising rootstock Sharbati, Khurmani are used. Peach tree needs heavy and regular pruning. Pruning must be done in last week of October. Water sproutsPest and their control:
Shot hole: The symptoms are dark brown color lesions on leaves.
Treatment: Spraying with Captan or Ziram or Thiram@0.2% should be done at the time of leaf fall or bud swelling stage
Bacterial canker and gummosis: It attacks on main trunk, shoots, branches, spurs, blossoms, dormant buds, leaves and even fruits.
Treatment: Ensure that a suitable peach variety and rootstock is chosen based on geographic location and environmental conditions to prevent stress to tree which predisposes tree to canker disease, apply protective copper spray to trees before flowering, prune trees in early summer to decrease likelihood of infection.
Brown rot: It causes wilting of plant and killing of petals and young twigs.
Treatment: Spraying with Captan@0.2% before 3 weeks of harvesting.
Pest and their control:
Peach leaf curl aphid: The pest is active in March to May month. The pest results in curling and yellowing of leaves.
Treatment: Spraying of Rogor 30 EC@800ml/acre in 500ltr water should be done. Do spraying after 15 days if required.
Flat headed borer: It is a serious pest which is active in mid-March month. They feed on foliage.
Treatment: Drenching with Durmet 20 EC@1000ml/acre in 500ltr should be done in June month after harvesting for the prevention of this pest.
Beetles: The beetles feed on leaves during night time.
Treatment: Spraying of Hexavin 50 WP@1kg/acre in 500ltr water is done at the evening time. If damage continues repeat the spray after 5-6 days.
April to May is the peak month of harvesting peach crop. They reach good color and hard flesh that shows they are ready to harvest. Harvesting of peach crop is carried by twisting the fruit. and other shoots must be eradicated. The newly peach tree should be planted about 35 inches height.
These are regulated by manual weeding however it is tiring as well as expensive. As peach roots are irregular, they can be often damaged by continual ploughing. Thus, usage of herbicides is excellent substitute. A pre-emergence applying Diuron @ 800 gm-1 kg/acre or even post-emergence use of Glyphosate @ 6 ml/acre in 200 liters of water throughout February-March efficiently manages broad-leave weeds as well as usual grasses in new orchards.
29 авг 2024
