Saint John, second most populous city in New Brunswick, Canada, situated on the Bay of Fundy at the mouth of the Saint John River.
The site, visited by the French explorer Samuel de Champlain in 1604 and fortified by Charles La Tour (1631-35), was occupied by the British in 1758 and refortified as Fort Frederick. The latter was destroyed by American revolutionaries in 1775 but was replaced by Fort Howe (1777-78), whose blockhouse has since been reconstructed. The settlement developed after 1783, when loyalists established Parr Town and Carleton around the harbour. In 1785 the two communities amalgamated as Saint John (after the river) to become Canada’s first incorporated city. Benedict Arnold, the American Revolutionary traitor, lived there (1787-91). During the War of 1812, Martello Tower was built on Lancaster Heights for harbour defense; it is now a national historic site.
20 окт 2024