Follow-Up Chat with Vic Baker & Skye Cooley 

This was an absolutely engaging episode - so glad that you got Vic and Skye together to do this chat! I especially enjoyed Dr Baker's thoughts on the definition and practice of science, and the necessity to observe and think away from the exposure to books and papers. (Field work!!!) Our current educational paradigm and criteria for funding research are definitely NOT conducive to creativity. There is always more to learn, and that is a beautiful gift. The fortunate ones among us are those who follow the philosophy of Richard Feynman, and have discovered "The Pleasure of Finding Things Out". Clearly those scientists with a passion for their topic, like Vic, Skye and you Nick, will always pursue the problems that interest them - now we just need to come up with a better system to fund those pursuits for those who can so clearly make a difference!

This was excellent! I live 1,500 miles away, but this almost makes me wish I was 25 again, seeing Moses Coulee and the Drumheller Channels for the first time. For the record, I'll be 80 in August, and I've seen Moses Coulee and the Drumheller Channels, but only once, in 2022.

Great discussion! Thanks Skye, Vic, and Nick.

Praise from Vic Baker is praise indeed.

Amazing memory of Vic Baker!

Fantastic episode. These guys are not only at the cutting edge of geology, they are presciently thoughtful exponents of the philosophical analysis of the earth sciences. I was deeply engaged and enlightened by the discussion. And to think that Vic actually corresponded with and met Bretz! Wow! I'm now eagerly awaiting a discussion with Vic revealing the "long story" about his interaction with Flint!

I thoroughly enjoyed your conversation with Vic and Skye. Hope you’ll continue with these additional Ice-Age Floods A-Z discussions. I’ve watched every one.. ✨

Love "The facts in the field. told you the answer. " Thank you all for a great discussion.

Excellent guests to do this important follow-up. Thanks, as always, Prof Nick. Your work is certainly helping to advance the ice age story.

Awesome discussion!! I so appreciate you and your videos. Now that I'm back to school, I rarely have time to watch your videos, but I was wondering if you could have Myron Cook on as a guest. I enjoy both of your teaching methods and it would be absolutely brilliant to listen to you both. Thanks for inspiring me to go back to school at 56 to pursue a Geology degree!! ❤

PLEASE continue to harvest the "fields" of these minds! Vic has, and also all of your guests, have so much understanding that needs to be shared using modern technology. Thanks as always for a great job Nick, well done.

Let nature pose the questions, not the scientists... gotta love it!

Humility before nature. That made my day!

Appreciate all that you are doing Nick and the awesome geologist you are introducing to us. They're great!

I watched a video about the Bonneville flood from Shawn Willsey a while ago. And now what seems like hundreds of Shawn Willsey and Nick Zentner videos later😂😂😂.

I absolutely LOVED this discussion. So much insight packaged in Vic and Skye. "authority" LOL . . . . Thank you Nick.

36:00 ***The Important Questions*** Vic Baker - Profound!!! Thank you for this excellent discussion, Vic, Skye & Nick!

Floating ice shelves. Wonderful discussion. Thanks to all three of you for sharing you with us. I find this inspirational.

OK, guys, just another little niblet from me because reasons. I am replaying, and Dr. Vic says "Younger Wisconsin Palouse loess...", and I ask myself, "Do I understand what he just said?" And I answer myself, "Yes, yes I do!" And I think, "Hot diggity! No one else in my daily life would ever understand those four words strung together!" And I feel special (so special) due entirely to Nick, Skye, Vic, Jerome, Joel, Richard, etc., etc., and their willingness to share. Thank you!

I simply love learning about geology especially in the state of Washington I am a Midwest boy who spent my first 16 years in Schaumburg ILLINOIS My grandparents lived in Montesano Washington My dad would take family vacations to Washington So I have seen a lot of Washington It definitely made a huge impression on me I have lived in Menominee since 74 I am planning to visit Washington again This time I will have a different and better set of eyes because of the geology that I have learned over the past 4 years I may even be there in April for the lectures

Thank you! This session had several important nuggets, and the exchange was so interesting.

Outstanding conversation! Thank you!

Big picture scientists are rare...dare I say they are wired differently. I was a biologist who loved to dive deep into a very particular problem but as my career went on I began to develop a much better understanding of how integrated all fields of science are and how that it is necessary to involve them all to really understand what you are studying. Hence my new curiosity of Geology. I used to think it was very static..but like in biology... evolution of the rocks is fascinating. Recognizing/finding the steps of this evolution is so important in understanding current status of things and where they may be going in the future. Thank you all once again for these great video series.

Wow!!! When the series ended last month, I just dropped the ball!!!! I've missed so much since then!!! Got more catching up to do, as well as figuring out the rest of my life!!! Thanks for being the "Rock" that keeps my curiosity engaged!!!

I just realized this: I watched the entirety of the A to Z Ice Age Floods series. Growing up and living in NE Kansas for 26 years, I had NO IDEA an ancient glacier covered pretty much all of the area I lived in. Crazy. I have some research to do....

This talk is wonderfull 💯💥

Riveting episode that answered some of my remaining questions! Thank you to you, Skye and Vic Baker!

Thanks for the great conversation. Proof there is still lots to be learned.I could listen to these all day.

Just watched this, a bit late in catching up. As previous comments just outstanding and totally captivating.

This series has inspired me to learn more about how the Gulf of Maine was created by the recession of Laurentide Ice Sheet. I have been curious to learn if features like Georges Bank and Northeast Channel were created at similar times as the Scablands of Eastern Washington.

Fantabulous! The passion for scientific discovery on full display.

Thank you, it sinks in, slowly, but surely.

Thank you Nick for this gift, I appreciate your dedication and energy applied to the Pleistocene Epoch. I had an observation @29:00 of the CS Denny map, it showed a 2500 sq. mi. alpine ice cap/glaciers in the Oregon Cascades (which is accurate,) but only spotty locations in Washington and none in the Northern Cascades, which shows a general lack of insight and neglect; even the latest web searches for “Cascade Pleistocene Ice Caps” is limited to a few study pdfs in Washington, but only in general terms in a limited locality. There are no Cascade Range Pleistocene Ice Cap maps or diagrams. Some of the research in Oregon’s Western Cascade Range I’ve done clearly shows heavy, long-term glaciation between 2,000’ and 5,000’, and summit ice cap residency 1,000’ in depth. If someone had the software to map the complete Cascade Range from the CIS to the Sierra Nevada, and color-coded the 2,000’-5,000’ glacial elevations and 5,500’-7,000’ ice cap elevations, it would show how much the Pleistocene Epoch had on what we see in today’s eroded ridges and valleys. PS, I’m old-school and can come off as abrasive, my apologies if it appears bossy or mean, it’s not my intention as I wouldn’t be watching if I didn’t respect you and your guests. Your “full of vinegar” description of me, l’ll wear as a badge of passion and recognition. Have a nice day!

Keep looking, thinking, supposing. Nothing is finished.

Vic is a national treasure!

Great discussion! Way above my pay grade. However, very interesting. Thanks professor! :)

Vic has an Encyclopedic memory for dates and names- wow.

Thank you for this fine follow up video!

Young eyes, hands, legs and especially brains. Go out and look. I did mine in the Navy. But enduring "the field ", is where you may shine. Go out and play

Sweet bonus vid! Thanks fellas!!

❤❤❤ Thank you guys! Hope you're not getting sick, Nick! Nite all.

Thank you for your vids

How did Bretz and his generation determine dates of MIS6 (Blue) when MIS data wasn't available until the 1950's?

✨B O N U S C O N T E N T✨

"We can never be absolutely certain about anything." TV Celeb 'scientists' are always telling us the "science is settled."

Enjoyed the video, have anyone ever estimated how much basalt was removed from soaplake to dry falls and where it was deposited or was it all ground up and deposited as sand out in the ocean. If that is the case would it be an argument for a big MI 6 flood. I like the points brought up by Vic about narrow focus vs wide picture. It reminds of the example of the difference of a chemist vs geneticist approach: A retired chemist and geneticist are watching a car factory and challenge each other to discover how a car is made. The chemist takes a finished car, grinds it up and breaks it down to its elements. The geneticist kidnaps a worker and sees what is missing from the car. Each day the geneticist takes a different worker until the geneticist knows all the parts that make up the car. Both methods of discovery are important, and one can dovetail with the other to produce the big picture, but I would argue in geology the geneticist approach would be more important to discovering how terrain is shaped over time.

1:29:59 no offence, Bijou!

Talk about cataclysmic flooding: what about the filling of the Black Sea and even the filling of the Med! People were almost certainly around when the Black Sea filled through the Bosporus. The implications are literally Biblical.

How can the less advanced occur before the most?

Vic brought up some fabulous points and they relate to _all_ the sciences really. One being that science is *_never_* settled. Science is NEVER "settled." It is inherent in the discipline that as more questions are asked, new discoveries made, and new evidence developed, it has the potential to turn everything we thought we knew on its head. It doesn't mean "don't TRUST the science" necessarily, it just means don't assume that the question is settled when it never will be, as long as we've got the intellect and inquisitiveness to ask more questions. I'm sorta with Vic on AI. I look at the Ambush Meeting between Bretz and the GSA as an analog for what AI can't do that humans can. A geologist sitting behind a desk studying literature and living in the lab who never once used their senses by going to the site and seeing it for themselves cannot dismiss what a field geologist saw with his own eyes. Likewise for AI, and Vic alluded to that. It can process and learn on its own but it is still processing what's fed to it without the benefit of eyes, ears, nose, and skin; and therein lies the disconnect between information it can synthesize from quintillions of data points creating concepts that might have taken years for humans to introduce, and _being one with the environment_ like the human being with a human brain and sensory perception. This should also serve as a reminder that Climate Change is no more "settled science" than catastrophic floods in the Scablands have been. The evidence for it is there and in certain cases is overwhelming. That is not a reason to shut the science down to further inquiry and send politicians and economically vested interests out to make hay with it. The handwringing and demagoguery surrounding Climate Change is making a mockery of the Scientific Method and has been politicized to such an appalling degree that the science behind Climate Change _isn't_ trusted at all. And the more the alarm bells ring the less the conclusions are believed. That serves absolutely no one's interest. To trust the science you've gotta _respect_ the science, and one of the best ways to do that is to put a filter between government grant funding and the politics behind it.

When did Catastrophism vs Gradualism change from the conservative Christian Noachian floods Catastrophism vs Lyell &Hutton geological timescale naturalistic Gradualism to the fight between Bretz and the others? They seem to have switched over 100 or so years of science from the time of Lyell and Darwin to the time of Bretz.

Hey, young viewers!😃✨ Vic, Skye, and other Ice Age Floods geologists including Nick want your inputs for moving forward on their fieldwork! They would even love for you to make a name for yourself!! Why don't you look into it if you are interested in the area of research?!💞💗✨A lot of work, I'm sure but, the opportunities are endless if you look hard! I think it would be fantastic!!😄✨