Incredible episode!! What an awesome way to summarize this series: with Professor Waitt authoritatively saying there were over 100 glacial floods. What a long way the science has come from the early days of Bretz when no one would believe that a SINGLE glacial occurred. Thank you Dr. Waitt and Nick Zentner!!
So Nick You have to decide did it come from a volcano here or some where else to get on top of the ice= A volcano just have to have a collapse Caldara = the Adirondacks rises 12 inches in a 100 yeads so you have pressure that is what geologist for N.Y. state say I am a forester or its back ground The U.S. government planted tree for ten years before WWII under C.C.C. Camp
If the Last Ice sheet advances farther to the south than the prior Ice sheets, it will obliterate most of the prior Glacier Moraines , or simply bull doze the prior Moraine farther to the south.
Ice Sheets form when the Earth has a more elliptical orbit around the Sun. Ice Melts when the Earth has a more circular orbit around the Sun. The elliptical orbit time duration is vastly longer than the circular orbit time duration. Much of geology is related to Astronomy. So study The Stars and the Planets to see the larger picture that relates to Geology, Geophysics, Hydraulics etc.
It should be 23,000 years ago when the Ice sheets started to melt, and the Oceans started to increase in elevations. They rose around 400 feet between 23,000 years ago and 7,000 years ago. Oceans have risen slowly since then.
Wow. That first 30 minutes (or 45:) ) just parted the clouds for me. Not that I understand the answers, but the questions you were asking totally tied in all of the previous episodes. Outstanding, and thanks!
Randy some of us are listening. I am learning your peoples stories and you teach me how to tell stories to my grandchildren so they understand and feel for all people and Mother Earth. Thank you Randy.
You always serve up enough for me to just want to get out into these Drakensberg mountains in South Africa and realy look over the whole scene unfolding befor me, with a new sense of wonder. Slowly but surely, I am beginning to be able to ask what i reckon are some of the right questions. No longer looking at these spectacular cliffs with a cursory glance. Thank you Nick and Skye for such an interesting field trip... Kind regards Keith Fey.. .
I was an international student from Saudi Arabia in WA. a state that I never stop talking about. I was not fortunate enough to be a student of Nick Zentner. I love your work Nick!
I've rewatched this a couple times now. I think I found one *minor* mistake (perhaps not. I'm not a real geologist). @32:00 you start talking about NA hitting the Large Igneous Province. @33:30, you label CA on NA drifting west. I think that's wrong. I think the the LAP that NA crashed into is what became CA. What you labeled as CA is more likely the NV/UT area. That would explain why the crash created the Rocky Mountains where they did. Take this with a grain of salt. I'm not properly educated. But from what I have learned from Nick, it seems more logical.
Scary words (isotope, half-life, etc) demystified by the master of demystification--Professor Nick Zentner. Now I get it! Thank you! If you're not enjoying this Geology 101 class, you don't have rocks in your head <LOL>. Looking forward to GEOL 101 - #4 tomorrow morning with my coffee.
I'm an Aussie that visited WA state briefly in 2011/2012. I was staggered by the range of geologic formation and scenery. Fascinated by all the info you're providing Nick. Skye is a natural educator and presenter. Onion skin cracking?Extreme cold/heat expand and contract. The whole region must be vibrating/moving according to its tectonic history. Massive respect to Skye for his project of recording the Dike Data.
We use a lot of similar equipment in biology during vaccine development. Particle sizing and characterization looks straight forward but can be very difficult. Concentration, viscosity, shape, etc. there is no one instrument to give an accurate measurement of any particular sample unless it is all the same. They all have size range limits, shape limits, the model and statistics required for each shape type can be different. Direct imaging in microscope (light, electron, etc) may give most accurate account but limit the number of samples one can measure in a timely manner.
Such a great episode. Jerome is fantastic. Love seeing this less formal, “out in the field” side of him as he follows a hypothesis and interprets on the fly. Thank you both!
I did some minor work with sand tables in junior high where I saw evidence of how waterfalls and different stream features formed. Maybe using a sand table to set up the drum lands geology as it might have been pre-flood and then running water through it might help you visualize the effects of a flood better. Oregon State University has a large wave tank that might be interested in helping out. But I got results in a container that was about as big as the bottom of two shoe boxes. A larger space would allow you more detail.
Hello Dr Zentner, have you considered the Adria micro plate as it collided from Africa with Europe to form the alps and the Balcan Mountains. This geology is younger and very heavily studied compared to the Rockies. It may yield some insight as it reflects a similarity to the orogeny collisions you’re describing.
Thanks Debra, Susan, Hannah, and Nick! Interesting talk. (Hmmm, having lived here since 1990, I can say that the Columbia Basin is great place to study dust... 😆)
I think that a good analogy to the effects of the big floods on the rock formations, would be at a smaller scale. A river jumps its banks, and is flowing down an old street in a flash flood. The street is an older construction, with the sidewalks and road made with concrete that has a high percentage of gravel aggregate in its composition. It also tends to flood a lot due to bad drainage, and debris clogging the storm sewer. The flooding is going down the street, but because of age of the concrete, there are cracks going every each way and weak spots in the pavement itself because there's areas where the aggregate is too closely spaced for the cement between to bind tightly. The water will wear out these areas, widening the cracks and digging holes at weak spots, maintaining the previous orientation of the weaknesses while they are made wider and deeper. As the water recedes from the main flow (which also moved away the debris with its power), parts of the old surface will start being exposed, and therefore restricting the flow to the paths of least resistance - which will often be the former cracks and potholes, not oriented the same direction as the street/flash-flood-water flow. The overall flow will still be in that general direction, but via cutbacks, zigzags, and ponding until an overflow point is found. So, you could have a gully cut several inches into the sidewalk or roadbed that is 30 to 90 degrees off from the drainage of the gutters, with the original damage done by erosion from the flood, but little (if any) being from the water that's now cutting across the street from the left gutter to the right gutter, because the damaged area is lower than the left gutter's next stretch.
Bob, @2:08 The PM interpretations involving paleo-location being presented in distance instead of Latitude is less reliable; if PM is to be used, it has to be represented in degrees latitude only, not kilometers from current Latitude locations because paleo magnetic North is not known during the Mesozoic era’s existence; for example, what if MN was located in the Siberian Arctic Circle somewhere? That would mean that 30 degrees N Lat. @120 degrees West Longitude would be @today’s 50 degrees N Lat.; it’s further complicated by the NA West-SW paleo conveyance and counter-clockwise rotation placing the paleo NA West Coast 25-30 degrees further East of today’s location @120 degrees Longitude. I like how you clarified that movement has a limited 500- 1000 mile range, but it could also be 0-1500 miles. Perhaps PM interpretational credibility could be enhanced through a collaboration with independent Russian studies to coordinate more confident Mesozoic PM North locations.
Total amateur here, but around 36:00 where you're discussing erosion of the columns by the waning flood, it strikes me as less likely because lateral pressure from the waning floods would hit the strong axis of the columns. They would be weakest through water pressure from above (ie the largest flood levels), since that's what would drive down between the columns and wedge them out.
I'm starting to recognize faces and voices now (Baker, Cooley, O'Connor, Atwater, etc.) since I've been camping out on your RU-vid channel for the last couple of months. It's really neat to see these people . I view your videos with Google Earth Pro open plus my books...I'm constantly pausing and rewinding...a one-hour video takes me about 3 hours <LOL>. I take what you explain to us re: the geology of the Pacific NW and apply those concepts to where I live (Mogollon Highlands/central Arizona.) I think this is one of your best vids. Thank you for all you do!
