Genetics - Lost and Found: Crash Course History of Science #25 

It seems like genetics is a discipline that is always ahead of its time.

That classic dilemma, publish or parish

I love this channel, and Mendel's work is fascinating, but i keep coming back to the other monks at his abby going " whats for dinner tonight? Oh thats right ... peas ..."

I did a bit of extra digging a few years back. The references I found pointed out that Mendel wasn't as isolated as commonly reported. The abbey was a high school in the German style of sequence. Basically, it covered what would be 11th grade to college sophomore in the US system, and he was the Bio professor. One reference said that he became inspired to do his work, at least in part, after attending a conference on Darwin's new theory.

Scientists at the time didn't take him seriously because they accused him of pea hacking

Ah Gregor Mendel...I remember first learning about him when we studied punnett squares in 6th grade... ...genetics made simple! 😊

Gregor studied seven traits of the pea plant: seed color, seed shape, flower position, flower color, pod shape, pod color, and the stem length. There were three major steps to Mendel's experiments: 1. First he produced a parent generation of true-breeding plants. He made these by self-fertilizing the plants until he knew they bred true to the seven traits. For example, the purple flowering plants always produced seeds that made purple flowers. He called these plants the P generation (for parent). 2. Next, he produced a second generation of plants (F1) by breeding two different true-breeding P plants. 3. He then produced a third generation of plants (F2) by self-pollinating two F1 generation plants that had the same traits. Mendel's Results Mendel found some incredible results from his experiments. F1 Generation Mendel found that the F1 generation all produced the same trait. Even though the two parents had different traits, the offspring always had the same trait. For example, if he bred a P plant with a purple flower with a P plant with a white flower, all of the offspring (F1) plants would have purple flowers. This is because the purple flower is the dominate trait. These results can be shown in a diagram called a Punnett square. The dominate gene is shown with a capital letter and the recessive gene with a lower case letter. Here the purple is the dominant gene shown with a "P" and the white is the recessive gene shown with a "w." P P w Pw Pw w Pw Pw You can go to this page to learn more about inheritance patterns and Punnett Squares. F2 Generation In the F2 generation he found that 75% of the flowers were purple and 25% were white. Even though both parents had purple flowers, 25% of the offspring had white flowers. This turned out to be because of a recessive gene or trait was present in both parents. Here is the Punnett square showing that 25% of the offspring had two "w" genes causing them to have white flowers: P w P PP Pw w Pw ww Homozygous and Heterozygous When two of the genes are the same (like with "PP" or "ww" above) they are called homozygous. When they are different (like with "Pw") they are called Heterozygous. Interesting Facts about Mendel and Inheritance Mendel's work was rejected by his fellow scientists while he was alive. It wasn't until later that his work was rediscovered and confirmed through further experimentation. Mendel was a monk and performed his experiments in the monastery garden. His experimentation largely ended when he was promoted to abbot. Mendel also ran experiments with honey bees, but found them much more difficult to experiment with. The idea that an offspring receives one unit of inheritance from each parent is the called the "theory of segregation." THAT TOOK AN HOUR

Genetics are awesome to learn about. It’s what first got me into biology and science overall. Thanks, Hank

Note to The Great War fans: Hank is correct to call it the Austrian empire. The Dual monarchy with Hungary wasn’t established until 1867.

Thanks for the great video. I'll definitely be using this for my classes this year. To the producers: The playlist for this class is missing episodes 11 and 12. Could you check on that?

Genetics is honestly my favourite subject but I can’t believe I watch these in my spare time.

Just saying that y'all used the wrong form of abbey in the description. Unless y'all are saying he grew plants on the back of someone named Abby

Nobody has pointed out that Hank's hair grew back for a couple seconds around 9:58

Thermodynamics next eh? Nobody is as cool as Lord Kelvin

1:39 "Under appeaciated" = an under appreciated spelling.

I like the extra emphasis on calling Mendel the "Father" of genetics. I see what you did there.

Mendel initially wanted to study heredity in mice, but his abbot thought copulation was too unholy to take place in the monastery

thank you , btw I loved it that you took real quick haircut on 10:22 - I found it entertaining.

Genetics has always been super interesting and fascinating to me. I remember learning about him when I first learned about the Punnet Square. It was definitely one of my favorite parts in science class.

BTW, the university where Mendel studied wasn't called "Palacký University" when he studied there. Back then, it was just "Univeristy of Olomouc".

Wow this was timed perfectly! I just learned about this in bio lecture earlier today!

Mendel was student of the famous physicist and mathematician Doppler. The quantitative work in biology by Mendel had its inspiration/origin in that past training.

Great video. The only criticism I have is that Mendel's abbey in Brno was not in Eastern Europe. It is in the western half of Europe. Many call the region Central Europe. It would be enough to say that his research lab was in a monastery and in a relatively small town in Central Europe.

Great video, I love science, and learning about the history behind major discoveries is always refreshing, thank you!

I think science is the best subject in school.

Istg if Hank worked at a school, he would be that fantastic teacher people 4 grades below you would hear about from their elder siblings because his lessons are so entertaining

8:34 Sturtevant was pretty white for a fly guy

I hope when the time comes you focus on George’s Le Maitre’s and the primordial atom. I think it is so cruel that we call his ideas “the Big Bang” when that was originally a derogatory term for his work on the origin of the universe.

The little crying Mendel is too adorable

Thanks Crash course ,from the moment i saw the vedio about Darwin i was waiting for Mendel to be brought up ,Thanks for having an entire segment for him.He deserves it.

His experiments really impacted his way of explaining things. I mean, if you read his texts you can really feel the peaness.

This is almost my favorite thing on RU-vid

I think they should have mentioned how important Mendel's mathematical rigour

His work was under appeaciated.

I guess you could say their research was pretty fly

I learned more about genes. This video talks about on how organisms give traits to their descendents. Gregor Mendel give us more information and knowledge to answer the questions of our mind. While Darwin was the first person to appreciate clearly that evolution depends on the existence of heritable variability within a species to generate the differences between ancestral and descendent populations. Every child inherits genes from both of their biological parents. What a great information!

11:02 She's the most important woman in the history of genetics, and yet i had never heard of her before, she WON an actual unshared Nobel Prize.... AND I HAD NEVER HEARD OF HER IN SCHOOL!!! how insane is that?!?

This is a revelation! Am amazed to know that Gregor Mendel studied physics yet became more interested in plants (... he should be my great grandfather! I am a Physics teacher but I love to be in a garden to attend to plants, if not, be in a ranch to attend to farm animals... ) Yet his life-long work on the English peas and the result he obtained in his studies ushered in the quantitative genetics. Hot! But he maintained to be at low profile and made popular by other researches after several decades after... Grand!

what a nice recap of my school days in 7th. grade :-D thank you Mrs. Borgman, and thanks PBS ;-)

This is basically my entire Genetics 101 class.

Hank wins the Gregor Mendel Science Man of the Year Award every year!

Thanks to Hank for Making me Dank!😃

❤️ The Ella Enchanted nod!

Yes!!! Thermodynamics next. Carnot, Joule, Clausius, Black, Watt, Thomson (Lord Kelvin), Helmholtz, Davy, Gibbs, Boltzmann!!!

Custom Flies for sale! Come get yo Custom Flies!

Great video, thank you very much , note to self(nts) watched all of it 11:12

goddammit Crash Course, where were you when I was failing Biology?! D:

Gregor Mendel is an idol.

It would have been nice to mention epigenetics.

DANK HANK

Wow this story is amazing! But you have skipped the most important part: How and when people discovered location and shape of DNA? How did they learn to sequence it, and manipulate?

I strongly hate this part in Biology. Like I dont understand how to do frequencies of dihybird crosses nor punnett squares of dihybird or monohybird either. I'm failing this class. So might as well try to understand I guess.

I'd heard the story of Mendel before, but I had no idea just how much work he'd put into that pea experiment O_O

Are we going to get Maxwell's Demon again? I love that guy.

To whoever is reading this: I wish you the best of all this world could give, love and blessings are coming your way:)

Enjoying the whole series, but this is the second episode that does not stream for me.

Woo! Botany! Botany!!

This video is unavailable for this device? What.

I love Crash Course - your imagination and break down actually helps me learn faster. "Alfred Hot Dog Sturtevant" ♥

Good vid!!!

I am getting an error on this video reading “this video is unavailable on this device” ... on all my devices. 😕

that is a GREAT shirt

Videos 11 and 12 are STILL not in the playlist.

You should make a video about Centrism

why did I think that was his mustach, it's his mouth. thanks brain.

We bred drosophila in our high school biology class.

Brno is not in Eastern Europe, isolated yes, but not eastern. It's in the middle of the peninsula

FINISH THE SCALE 2:39 😫

Whoo-hoo! Bread mold!

Does anybody know why this video is unavailable?

Cool video!

Well, that 4 rediscoverers look like they are guided to mendel by their curiosity but it is the truth that they give mendel the share of success instead of selfishly claim it for themselves. Those guys have at least basic level of a moral code unlike Einstein or thomas edison who were only thinking about taking the fame and glory for themselves instead of sharing it with their predecessors or rivals.

You left out Fisher, that made sense of Darwin and Mendel together, and proved that although Mendel invented the pea data, he was right

“This video is unavailable on this device.” WTF?

Is "Fly guys" a reference to the Try Guys :p

Do the history of forensic toxicology

is Barbara McClintock the 2nd woman scientist mentioned in this series since Maria Sybilla Merian?

11 minute video/ comments at 2 minutes of being released

The sound of these episodes is way better now... But crash course is better directed and produced in general

Why does it say it is unavailable in my device?

Didn't Mendel also groom his data and smooth out errors and inconsistencies? I was under the impression that his published data wasn't entirely honest

Why won’t this play?????

But what will happen to the genetics of Sticky?

Is says “this video is unavailable on this device” I am trying to watch it on an iPad, how can I fix it

check the trilogy "Dangerous knowledge" here on youtube about Cantor, Boltzman and Turing. Edit: thermodynamics next? I knew it! Cheers :D

crossing Over was responsible in troubling these scientists

You are my hero 😍

Does anybody can see the video?, it says that it’s not avaliable in my devine

"The only woman to have received..." Wow "...an unshared nobel prize..." Oh. With so many prizes going to multiple people, that's a bit less... "...in that category." Pfff.

Hank has finally become better than John in teaching.

0 dislikes. Nice!

Green, you create an anachronism when you use the word genes in the writing of the 3 Mendelian Laws, as the term did not exist at the time and, obviously, could not have been used by Mendel in his laws as one might understand from the video.

takeaway: early biologist love peas

wow, they were sleeping on Mendel

Wonder what I'll be the Father of, when they go though my stuff when I die.

You think you can fool me with your hair length changing magic? No.

MENDEL doesn't know he his a scientist and Father of Genetics.He got noble prize but who receive it.WHAT about Nilsson ehile?

Another Dutch mention!

Anyone else having a “this video is unavailable on this device” pop up?

ALFRED "HOTDOG" STURTEVANT. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN.