Glass is Solid… So Why Is It Clear? 

yes

This is a question that I never knew I wanted to know the answer to haha

Thank you! YES

I'm watching it again and commenting so the algorithm sees the engagement, Re-uploading hurts creator metrics so I hope I can do my part.

you're welcome

Same here I was like "that's simple, because light just passes through it and no reflection means no visibility" and then I watched the video and I was like :O

Imagine a Ship on the sea, If small waves hit it, it just absorbs them, If a wave with The same size as the ship hits it, it might break. But If the waves are way bigger than the ship, the wave passes under the ship without really getting weaker. Thats an analogy for transparency, where as the wavelengths of the visible light spectrum are Just too big to tingle the glass molecules and therefore pass through it.

@Mr. Virtual be precise in your terrible terrible criticism

@Mr. Virtual had us in the first half

He doesn't really explain why, or rather why other things aren't. What's different between the crystal structure of salt and the structure of glass.

Normal glass blocks UVB but not UVA.

Ever seen a slight shadow through prescription glasses?

@@smapa1185 That's definitely not from UV.

@@smapa1185 Glass normally makes slight shadows because of reflection.

Not true you can get sunburned through glass

Yes, they said it's about the atoms (not the molecular structure) but also sand and glass have the same atoms.

Comment of the year

its mostly to do with its amorphous state. no crystal structures inside the glass to refract the light. i think.. here ya go ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-VwRLIt6jgdM.html

What do you mean exactly? He explained that the energy levels (of the electrons within the atoms that composes glass) are too far apart for visible light to provide sufficient energy to “bump” electrons to the next level. Therefore, glass is transparent in visible light, and because our eyes detect visible light, glass looks transparent to us.

@@minisn3066 which is a great explanation for how “matter in general” can be transparent. But there’s not an explanation for why the energy levels in amorphous glass are further apart than crystalline sand. They’re made of the same atoms, the jumps seem like they should be the same.

And that's more than ok!

Yeah, your comment is as good as others

@@Aphrodite10 wow thats a good burn if you meant it that way im taking that

@@indominus6091 what you meant

@@Aphrodite10 i meant the video is intresting and we can learn from it

yes I also have the above mentioned blue block and UV filter in my glasses and I love it

And how did that go?

Did you get in?

Damn thats a great question to ask

@@jamess1787 yeah, they gave me an offer but i rejected it (and then got rejected from the universities i actually applied to, which was stressful 😅)

@@poppymcpeake9961 it's okay bro we feel your pain

I was just thinking the same Doing numericals of such topics seems boring but this topics are really interesting

@@harishchad. The math isn't all that fun to me either. The theories are really cool though.

Math is fun guys just ask my calc teacher

@@neurofiedyamato8763 I like your pfp

Also Michael:Or is it ??

I tried that defense at my trial for touching a woman's rear end, didn't work. In the court of law, you can touch things.

"You can't touch this" - MC Hammer

in future , we can have special lenses that produces different wavelength of light and then we can see through anything as we wish.....😁😁😁😁😁

It's actually true u just don't touch each other in a microscopic level

Clearly we (n) do

I agree, it just misses some more explanations and some better conclusions. For example thou he did scratch molecular orbitals and he didn't go into band theory which is a big part in explaining optical properties.

in future , we can have special lenses that produces different wavelength of light and then we can see through anything as we wish.....😁😁😁😁😁

Terrifying. 😂

big brain time

No one knows but hey let your imagination go wild

Doubtful

There are fish that are pretty close to transparent. You could probably get aliens with similarly transparent bodies, but I think organs, bones or other structural components, etc, would still be pretty distinct as blobs with different degrees of transparency, rather than the alien looking like a glass sculpture. Probably not a route to invisibility, unfortunately.

@@andrewfleenor7459 No, fortunately, I don't know about you, but I don't want an alien species to be able to be completely invisible.

JOE electron

honey, that's called real life.

Exactly 100 likes Perfection

aw hecc, here we go again

Good I have one for you Never trust atoms they make up everything

@@manjotbali8985 guess he is able to also read two posts above...

@@manjotbali8985I laughed

Or you could carry an opaque cover mounted on a stick (a parasol), or coat your skin with a substance opaque to UV light (sunblock).

all things are transparent, just to a certain degree. And it also depends on the material.

@@misterfister15 more like "to a certain wavelength" - although there are some exceptions. Black holes certainly aren't transparent at all. Plasma might also be troublesome given the flowing electrons might be free enough to interact with all wavelengths (but no idea if this is true).

this concept of electrons being in different energy levels was just introduced in my class yesterday.. it was a pleasant coincidance for me too

Same here.. when i was cleaning my window glass yesterday.

Mandela Effect

Interesting. Do you suppose that people make better reflectors? I'm imagining that the heat coming off the sheet reflects off the person, coming back through the sheet, thus reinforcing the light output on Your side of the sheet.

@@HuFlungDung2 I don't think it matters what the surface is, unless it's one that absorbs light.

Foundry work attracts all sorts, one I worked with used to throw scraps of paper with peoples names on into the oven, he swore he could see people inside.

Flour is actually super flammable, there have been a LOT of fires/explosions where flour is milled. Max Miller of Tasting History has done a video on it recently.

@@jinxcraft1170 didn't know that!! Thank you for clarifying that!

@@Rika5589 To be fair, I didn't know that either till the video on Tasting History posted (that channel is really good & entertaining as well)

No, something is hard or soft based on many properties. Flour comes from grains, which are packed with carbohydrates. Those in turn are essentially long chains of sugar molecules. What makes flour so soft is that the grains are ground up to form a very fine powder. As a thin powder, the molecules have a lot of surface area - which means a chemical reaction can occur very quickly, because you can burn up a whole lot of molecules at the same time, if you can mix the flower with enough oxygen. Flour feels soft, because flour contains so much air, you push the mass of flower apart easily. Its just not connected to each other. In this case it has more to do with the structure of the compound, than molecular connections. As for what makes other objects soft, its the flex in the structure. Glass is 'spacious' in its molecular structure, but still very hard. A Buckminsterfullerene (basically a sockerball of carbon atoms) is also spacious and its very rigid. However, there are plastics that feel much softer, because the chains of plastic molecules can slide and move within the structure. That gives some plastics their flex.

@@HexerPsy Tldr: Flour is very flammable when aerosolised. Things are soft because they are either very flexible/squishy or airy like a sponge.

Pretty much, it is classed as a reflective material meaning light can bounce back than clear, hence the name, *- R E F L E C T I V E-*

Many commenters noted that the little diagram of the electro-magnetic spectrum had the longer and shorter wavelengths reversed.

Well Plenty wrong here too

Enunciate!

There is a non zero probability of finding the electron anywhere in the universe although it's astronomically low

Basically we can't say where the electron isn't but we can say where it mostly likely is

That makes sense. Thank you

I had Star Trek back in the '60's. That's almost as good.

Sounds like someone who didn't watch pbs growing up...

@@tiffanymarie9750 This is way better than the magic school bus or reruns of cosmos.

Wassup Kim from Korea

You don't deserve ice cream...you're horrible

When he's right, he's right.

I’m following you, I was following you on chippys couch

Mint is the GOAT.

I wasn't invisible to my gamma.

The repulsion between electron can be overpowered by adhesive forces of paints and powders, and maybe coronavirus uses some sticky substance which also have adhedive or some other forms of attractive force, which are large enough to overpower Electrostatics repulsion. This can be demonstrated by using same fingers coated with some adhesive.

you should not be so quick to praise this channel, based on this Flawed episode.

Phone screens have used glass for a number of years. Even prior to this video way back in the stone ages of 3 years ago when you posted this.

@@MastaSquidge The screen in between me and him is plastic, still is, because I'm watching on a flat screen.

Rough xD. My familly is dutch or italian or something, and it came to live in northeast Brazil. Once I sat my arm in the midday sun for literally 5 minutes at the bus. When I looked back it was almost burning like a barbecue.

Because glass only blocks UVB, but not UVA

in future , we can have special lenses that produces different wavelength of light and then we can see through anything as we wish.....😁😁😁😁😁

Thank you Very true

Well... 70% anyway.

And how far apart can the electron and the photon be?

These are some really good questions actually and I can try my best to clear things up from what ive learned from being a chemistry major. Youre definitely right about the fact that there is not one exact amount of energy a photon has to have to move an electron to a higher energy level. But from what ive learned an extremely specific wavelength of light has to hit the atom for an electron to jump to a higher energy level. Im not sure how specific the wavelength has to be but the margin of error is definitely less than a nm. Where does this extra energy go though? I would suggest if the wavelength was on the shorter side of the threshold, slightly more energy, then when the electron returns to a lower energy level it would just release slightly more energy. Very good questions though and now I am curious to look deeper into this also.

I actually just researched this and absorption lines theoretically should be infinitely narrow but the atom can absorb a small range of wavelengths due to the Doppler effect which happens when the atom is in motion, you should definitely read into this its pretty cool.

@@thomorl285 The doppler effect contributes, but it's not nearly enough to explain how broad real absorption lines are. Look up *spectral broadening.* There are many types. Even a sodium vapor lamp has spectral broadening, which is why the two thin emission lines at 589.0 and 589.6 nanometers are not perfectly thin, as they should be. But in solids, you have many atoms and molecules arranged and coupled to many other atoms/molecules. In fact, these would probably be better described by a band structure, rather than the oversimplified Bohr model shown in this video. Absorption lines in real solids are *extremely* broad. They have to be, otherwise pigments wouldn't exist. You could emit colored light through vapor lamps, but if a solid only absorbed a specific amount of energy, then so little light would be absorbed that we wouldn't notice any color change at all! All pigments would be white! What a boring world that would be.

+ @Thomo RL Actually that has to do with 3 things. 1. Photons come in quanta (quantummechanic) which is defined as its frequency * the Planck's constant. So light comes in set stanges of energy. 2. How much wiggle room within absorption lines there is, is based on the amount of surrounding atoms. No electron can have the exact same state as the other electrons in the molecule (dunno why, thats just how it works). The exact state also changes on the surrounding bonds inside a molecule. Imagine a complex protein molecule - electrons at the center have slightly different states than those on the outsides. You can imagine that the absorbtion bands for a complex protein are actually very complex and wide - sometimes overlapping, that it aborbs most light and isnt transparent for a lot of frequencies of light. This is also why a cold gass has narrower bands - but a hotter gass has wider bands, because collisions between molecules (which increases with heat) slightly change the state of colliding electrons. This widens the spectrum bands - and then I'm ignoring the dolper effect in this story - this widens the band a little more. 3. A photon doesnt need to be exactly the right energy level. It can also be higher - but never be lower. If the energy is higher than the energy that binds the electron to the nucleus, the electron escapes and the atom becomes an ion (charged particle). This is the photoelectric effect, a piece of research that Einstein got his Nobel prize for. The electron absorbs enough energy to escape, and the remaining energy gets transfered into speed. If there is more than enough energy to jump to the next energy state, but not enough to let the electron to escape - the event does not occur - the photon passes through and the material is mostly transparent for this frequency of light. As photons get higher in energy another effect occurs: This is called the Compton effect. The photon encounters a electron. The electron absorbs enough energy to escape the atom. However there is so much energy left in the photon, it changes direction and continues as a lower energy photon. The angle + the loss of frequency = the amount of energy absorbed by the electron. This effect only occurs well above the binding energy of electrons to the nucleus. You are dealing with x rays at this level. The change of angle is called the scattering of photons - resulting angles of 0-60 degrees (so it fans out behind the scattering object) are common - but there is also a common reflection (angles between 160-180 degrees) for x rays to reflect back towards their source. So you would be safest, standing next to the person getting x rayed - not next to the x ray source. This ionization is a real problem. It's minimum level occurs at UV light from the sun. It can ionize atoms in your cells and lead to all kinds of damage. If that damage occurs on your DNA, you may develop cancer later on. You body's immediate response to the damage is called a sunburn. Okay, class is done - go celebrate xmas!

I relate with you.. all my friends are just dumb asses.. all they care about are some shitty video games.

I do have smart friends but they don't like talking about subjects because they only correlate studying to good grades, nothing else besides that xD. It's a real shame.

@@ajay2552 yupp they just gotta talk about Netflix in the science club

Hey I know your channel!

Sounds fun.

ikr? i had opened the video on chrome, went to sleep, wake up and continued and halfway through the video said "unavailable" lol here's the original link ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-sUmsQTmXGFg.html