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Greece's Santorini Volcano Found to be More Explosive than Previously Thought

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Greece's Santorini volcano has been found to be capable of producing more explosive eruptions than was previously thought. Since the overall volcano is in a long term rebuilding stage, it was thought that any future eruptions during the next several hundred years would only at worst be moderately explosive. However, recent analysis has shown that Santorini's 726 CE eruption was actually 1 to 2 orders of magnitude more powerful than previously thought, suggesting the potential for a similarly explosive event to occur in the future. While unlikely to occur during any specific future eruption, this discovery will cause hazard maps and models of the Santorini volcano to be updated.
Thumbnail Photo Credit: This work "Santorini17", is a derivative of a photo (resized, cropped, text overlay, image brightness increased, changed color balance (more cyan, more magenta, more blue), overlaid with GeologyHub made graphics (the image border & the GeologyHub logo)) from "Santorini", by: Sergei Gussev, sergeigussev, 2008, Posted on Flickr, Flickr account link: www.flickr.com/photos/sergeig..., Photo link: www.flickr.com/photos/sergeig..., CC BY 2.0. "Santorini17" is used & licensed under CC BY 2.0 by / geologyhub .
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Sources/Citations:
[1] Preine, J., Karstens, J., Hübscher, C. et al. Hazardous explosive eruptions of a recharging multi-cyclic island arc caldera. Nat. Geosci. (2024). doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01..., CC BY 4.0
[2] VEIs, dates/years, composition, tephra layer name, DRE estimates, and bulk tephra volume estimates for volcanic eruptions shown in this video which were assigned a VEI 4 or larger and are not the Kikai Caldera's 5284 BCE eruption are sourced from the LaMEVE database (British Geological Survey © UKRI), www2.bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/view/c..., Used with Permission
[3] Source of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) methodology and criteria: Newhall, C. G., and Self, S. (1982), The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism, J. Geophys. Res., 87(C2), 1231-1238, doi:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231. Accessed / Read by / geologyhub on Oct 5th, 2022.
0:00 A New Finding at Santorini
0:59 Santorini Eruption Cycle
1:19 Post Caldera Vents
3:29 726 CE Eruption
4:00 Analysis

Опубликовано:

7 авг 2024

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Комментарии : 117

@panagiothsaks.7298 4 месяца назад

726 AD. eruption is very well known here in Greece and in scholars around the world! It is mentioned in historic books and it triggered the infamous iconoclasm in Byzantium which was developing underground for some time prior to the eruption. I used to wonder as a kid "how come it is not studied further this event... Apparently it was a huge eruption!" Well now we have the answer... Thank you!

@TheSpaceEnthusiast-vl6wx 4 месяца назад

Thanks as always! The underestimation of Santorini's 726 CE eruption demonstrates that eruption size estimates can be important for evacuation plans.

@LuisAldamiz 4 месяца назад

726 was a complicated year all throughout the Mediterranean region but one can only wonder how bad it was when it hit the Minoan civilization c. 1600 BCE.

@jakealter5504 4 месяца назад

The Minoan eruption was rated as either a 6 or 7 on the VEI scale, it was more powerful than the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa and was comparable to the 1815 eruption of Tambora so it was an absolutely devastating eruption. It is considered one of the largest volcanic eruptions in human history for a reason

@artemis5210 4 месяца назад

I would love to find more information on this subject on RU-vid! The exact sequence of events or the direct impact on the Minoans or ANY kind of first hand account that may have survived in other cultures.

@LuisAldamiz 4 месяца назад

@@artemis5210 - I believe you can find some stuff bc Minoans are an attractive and relatively well known subject. I've certainly stumbled upon them over and over. However the exact sequence of events and such, I don't think we know that much: even "recently" (a decade ago?) the date of the eruption was pushed backwards because of new tree ring evidence, etc. But there is information on all that, on what we do know of it.

@egooidios5061 4 месяца назад

As far as I know, settlements of the Minoans and the cycladeans were found in Santorini, buried in deep ash. But unlike Vezuvious in Italy, no dead people were found covered in the settlement, hinting that the people did tried to evacuate the island. But they are presumed to have died from the resulting tsunami, which wiped out the Minoans too, whom btw lived in Creete, and may of their settlements were inland as far as 10 kilometers and more. That event must have been extremely catastrophic especially ina closed sea like the Aegean. I reckon no coastal settlement made it out ok

@jamesricker3997 3 месяца назад

It was instrumental in the Bronze Age Collapse. It gave rise to the legend of Atlantis

@lordgeorgemaster 4 месяца назад

I went to Santorini a few years back and the scale of the caldera gives a sense for how explosive it was, especially with the deposit of ash on akrotori and the close correlation with the tsunami in Crete at the same time. Would love to see a video digging into the depths of the ancient caldera that remains between kos and Nisyros. Quite a large event but not allot of studies on it.

@caroleast9636 3 месяца назад

You only have to stand up on that cliff top and see these gigantic cruise ships sailing around like toys on a pond. That’s how the caldera is now!

@kacperwoch4368 3 месяца назад

I've been there too, no photos or videos can really capture the scale of that place, the high cliffs and the round shape of the caldera are both magnificent and very ominous looking.

@nekononiaow 3 месяца назад

That's an excellent point, the sense of scale given by this contrast is terrific. I have seen a few pictures of the caldera rim without any ships and although majestic it does not feel too impressive. Add a few cruise ships and suddenly one realizes how enormous it is.

@arionkalogeras1103 4 месяца назад

Columbo, an underwater crater that is located NE of the coasts of Santorini is probably the the biggest danger for the island, and earthquakes as well!

@katgrey6239 4 месяца назад

Thank you for doing a video on this beautiful island! The saying goes, "Would love to visit, but I don't want to live there!" Comes to mind when the caldera comes in to full view.😮

@allentac6222 4 месяца назад

Santorini may have also been the origin of the legend of Atlantis.

@redbarchetta8782 4 месяца назад

I would volunteer to live on Santorini as well. 😉

4 месяца назад

Nice to see cruise ships inside a caldera.

@stuartaaron613 4 месяца назад

They just have to be careful of underwater hazards, as one ship some years ago found out the hard way.

@user-lh5fp7bf2c 4 месяца назад

In the 1600 bce eruption apparently there was merchant vessels in the harbor as the eruption began, just saying. We never learn from the past. We have amnesia unfortunately.

@4runningaway417 4 месяца назад

Velikovsky wrote of this

@egooidios5061 4 месяца назад

One of them lies in there now, inside the Caldera. MS Sea DIamond.... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS_Sea_Diamond

@kacperwoch4368 3 месяца назад

@@user-lh5fp7bf2c What? There is absolutely nothing indicating a cataclysmic eruption is about to happen for centuries to come, why should we avoid sailing in those waters? It's less dangerous than sailing through the Atlantic.

@ragnapodewski4694 4 месяца назад

The Kaimeni islands are domes elevated from the sea floor. In the 30th of 20th century the last domebuilding eruption was calm, but sometimes there were ejected big blocks, glowing in grand parabolic lines.

@AndrewJamesWilliams 4 месяца назад

Interesting and somewhat concerning given that three thousand years ago Santorini, then called Thera, produced one of the biggest eruptions humanity has ever seen and in the process altered the course of history. Still it is a beautiful island that I would love to visit one day.

@bevinboulder5039 4 месяца назад

I don't want Santorini to ever erupt again. It's so beautiful as it is.

@bevinboulder5039 4 месяца назад

@@lolvondgfTrue, but that will take a lot longer than an eruption. 😄

@human4491 4 месяца назад

Highly recommend any geology nerd to visit, lot's of interesting stuff to see even for someone with only extremely basic knowledge like myself

@elizabethroberts6215 4 месяца назад

……welcome to the fantastic world of Volcanology! There’s a great information site, volcanodiscovery which gives daily updates of what’s happening, where. Have been seriously studying this subject for decades’, & love it! My two other faves’ are Tsunami, & Glaciation.

@Discotekh_Dynasty 3 месяца назад

I’ve walked around on the central island, this is kind of mad to think about. Huge recommend for the buried Minoan city too, it’s insanely well preserved

@xwiick 4 месяца назад

Thanks for all of your hard work man!

@whiteknightcat 4 месяца назад

I first learned of Santorini many years ago because of the film Summer Lovers. Wow - imagine living in such a place in the 80's with BOTH Darryl Hannah and Valerie Quennessen.

@mundanestuff 4 месяца назад

I wouldn't ever leave, lol

@jimmcintosh9045 4 месяца назад

Yes saw it too and really liked it and the music soundtrack.

@egooidios5061 4 месяца назад

Up to the 70's the island was a relatively poor one of all the Greek islands. THe cycldes islands, being arid and poor for almost any agriculture, only ever had some few orchants, and some pastures with goats. The rooms you see now renting for like 5k inside the caldera, with infinity pools and all? Those were hollows dug up by the shepherds to house their animals during the intense heat of the summer, and for themselves to live. Imagine that island....lost in time. With traditions and habits being the same for millenia. Always ingored as a silly rock by all the passer by ships. That was Santorini. It took guts to live there.

@HONGKELDONGKEL1888 4 месяца назад

Thera/Santorini is in many ways like Taal... Both are calderas with large-magnitude eruptions in the past 10,000 years... Both are beautiful and i can live on either volcano's ... uhhh, volcano islands. Taal is more dangerous though .. she is far more unpredictable and likes to erupt without warning.

@xj900uk 4 месяца назад

Visited that island for a week back in 1993. It really is the most amazing and unique place. And I would quite willingly go and live there full time!

@laurachapple6795 4 месяца назад

This is the only video I've ever seen that actually shows what most of Santorini looks like. Generally you see pictures of the blue domes and it looks like paradise, but it's actually mostly bare rock with no shade to be had. I've never been so disappointed in a place in my life. At least the gelato was good.

@egooidios5061 4 месяца назад

If there is one thing to appreciate in Santorini, its the power of nature. Other than that this is how the Cyclades are, albeit Santorini is quite a bit more arid still. As I said again, it took guts to be a Cycladean. People had little to eat but they had beatiful rocks, so they spend time to make cool stuff from the rocs and started roaming the mediterranean to sell trinkets for food. This is what made Greeks good merchants and sailors. And this is why they still are, continuously, merchants and sailors, and still own the biggest fleet worldwide. because they had no food there but also didnt want to leave, although no shade was there and they had to dig holes in the caldera, which they rent today for 5k per night....

@swainscheps 4 месяца назад

@@stevemorleywatching the sunset on Santorini sounds nice…Cycladean rhythms…?

@caroleast9636 3 месяца назад

It’s beautiful as a visitor but a hard place to live. It’s spectacular to see…but you can’t live on great scenery.

@mattheide2775 4 месяца назад

Living approximately equidistant from Mt Rainier and Mt St Helens I really appreciate your channel ❤

@ernestomondragonromero3024 4 месяца назад

In some point Santorini was a huge mountain 🏔️ and it blew up the entire mountain leaving only that circular island with the center

@carmellapicard5742 4 месяца назад

Thanks.

@jessicamorgan3073 4 месяца назад

Θήρα/Thira is so beautiful

@archiveseeker 3 месяца назад

Santorini's cycle is a lot slower than Krakatoa's. My parents said the houses at Santorini looked like snow on top of the rim.

@katgrey6239 4 месяца назад

Also, I am so curious to know what the island would have looked like before the eruptions. Any known sources? Speculations of appearance?

@tuunaes 3 месяца назад

Might have been one big round island, or not. There has no doubt been earlier island building and big caldera forming eruption cycles. Just like in Krakatoa, which at some point might have well been one big island reaching to Lang and Verlaten islands.

@simonlemerveilleuxdelisle3779 4 месяца назад

Wait, we already knew this volcanic complex was still able to produce large eruptions right now as the Kolumbo eruption was even larger than this one and only 400 years ago. Or is Kolumbo considered a totally different volcano?

@The_Dudester 4 месяца назад

"I would volunteer to live on Santorini." Have you guys ever seen Summer Lovers (1982)? Santorini is quite popular with spring breakers as well as college kids on summer break. So, 4 months out of the year, the beaches are filled as well as the restaurants. If you can work around that.....

@jimmcintosh9045 4 месяца назад

Saw the film and it was the music soundtrack which grabbed me.

@egooidios5061 4 месяца назад

There are other islands which are still acceptable, like Antiparos where Tom Hanks has an island and lives his summers. They are filling fast though

@christianbuczko1481 4 месяца назад

And of course its the source of the atlantis legends...

@billmiller4972 4 месяца назад

When one sees those houses looking like tiny specs of white color on the edge of this gigantic caldera it becomes clear hat we're just creepy crawlies on earth's crust.

@tuunaes 3 месяца назад

It's mid size caldera. You can't distinguish really big calderas from ground level, because other side is just too far.

@kimongamer2719 4 месяца назад

I live in Greece and I have gone to Santorini in my dreams I was always dreaming that it would erupt

@GIANNHSPEIRAIAS 4 месяца назад

Isn't this common knowledge that in-between it's vei7 euurptions it has vei 3 to 5 as an island forming events?

@666toysoldier 3 месяца назад

The 1600 BCE eruption may also have been responsible for the events related in Exodus.

@user-lh5fp7bf2c 4 месяца назад

I think it's extremely foolish to build those houses right on those cliff faces here. This area is a major VOLCANO lol, and one of the most seismicly active areas of the Greek isles capable of a mag 6+ eq. I'd say if a major eq happens there a majority of those beautiful homes will break up and fall into the caldera in a tragedy.

@a_kazakis 4 месяца назад

There are hundreds of millions of people around the world living close to volcanos. Santorini, even thought it has the potential for huge eruptions, is very safe compared to many other populated volcanos.

@CricketsBay 4 месяца назад

Hahaha! Have you seen where Naples, Italy is built? Santorini is very safe compared to Vesuvius.

@DuckHunterGaming 4 месяца назад

@@CricketsBayPfft Vesuvius, 200k people are literally in the campus flegri volcano to the west 😂

@Vesuviusisking 4 месяца назад

@@DuckHunterGamingVesuvius has 700k

@DuckHunterGaming 4 месяца назад

@@Vesuviusisking not Inside the volcano crater, no one lives there.

@arthurlyng8522 4 месяца назад

I believe it was atlantis or the story was inspired by this event,maybe the minoans were the atlantians

@TheAnarchitek 3 месяца назад

Santorini probably helped make Exodus the nightmare it sounds like, removed by 3,600 years! Only a little more than 550 miles from Giza, it would have had a drastic effect on life in Egypt, if the prevailing winds carried the ash in that direction. The sound of the explosion would have been easily heard, that close to the eruption. Santorini would not have been the only volcano to violently explode in fire and ash, only larger than many.

@jamesgarman8601 4 месяца назад

According to sources close to the Cascade range, the volcanoes in the Cascades have approximately a 2 million year life cycle and then they go extinct. Is there any other volcano arcs that have similar histories?

@francespickett6227 3 месяца назад

My understanding is that most of them go dormant, which of course is not the same.

@volkhen0 4 месяца назад

Mythological Atlantis

@phoenixjim0527 4 месяца назад

0:02 No Mount Tambora? I guess it’s potential is too small

@raylivengood8040 4 месяца назад

👍🏼

@christiannavarro7989 4 месяца назад

Chichinautzin! 😊

@alecstevens8467 4 месяца назад

the most explosive volcano in the Mediterranean is even more explosive, great

@Vesuviusisking 4 месяца назад

Campi flegrei exists

@alecstevens8467 4 месяца назад

@@Vesuviusisking yes but not historical eruptions for humans.

@stefaniebraun3319 3 месяца назад

@@alecstevens8467Our ancestors may not have been literate for the three huge eruptions ( 40 000, 29 000 and 15 000 years ago), but they certainly were in 1538. 1538 Was the last important eruption. It created Monte Nuovo, dammed the Lago d' Averno and killed 24 people.

@alecstevens8467 3 месяца назад

@@stefaniebraun3319 okay

@billcarruth8122 4 месяца назад

I would love to live in a caldera.

@BlackMasterRoshi 4 месяца назад

Your noans? No, they're MY noans!

@swainscheps 4 месяца назад

What’s the deal with pumice? Does it dissolve quickly? Does it saturate with water and eventually sink? Seems like the world’s oceans should be clogged with the stuff by now… Discuss…

@ThatOpalGuy 4 месяца назад

Just add water....

@user-kd7oj7xl5p 3 месяца назад

WHO HAS THE TOOLS TO ACTIVATE THEM ?

@Imotepth 4 месяца назад

Heh, I have read Expensive, thinking "Oh nice, a critics travel video" 😅

@StopBanningMaStuff 4 месяца назад

Damn, early

@whiteknightcat 4 месяца назад

Reported!

@P4hs 4 месяца назад

1610 B.C. was the probable cause of Moses' Plagues on Egypt.

@b.a.erlebacher1139 4 месяца назад

It's possible that the story of the sea parting for Moses et al then closing to drown the pursuing Egyptians is based on the Thera tsunami. The 'sea' wasn't the Red Sea, which is an English typo for Reed Sea, the correct translation, and probably refers to a coastal marsh. People would remember the tsunami and add it as an element of the Moses story.

@jaynehorn151 4 месяца назад

I am really confused. As a 64 year old I learnt that Santorini was the cause of a massive cataclysmic eruption that affected all of the Mediterranean with its impacts. Some of those being reported in ancient writings throughout the ‘med’. Even associated with plagues of Egypt, tidal waves not only in Aegean but throughout ‘Med’. There were earthquakes , volcanic ash and climate affected as evidenced by various texts. So I’ve known Santorini’s was a badass volcano for near 50 years and wondered when it’s going off again.

@nekononiaow 3 месяца назад

The "badass" eruption of Santorini was the 1600BC one.

@kskssxoxskskss2189 4 месяца назад

If this proves to be true -- which I assume it is, or you would dismiss it -- this is bad news.

@simonphoenix3789 4 месяца назад

man that island looks incredibly depressing... its so bare, without any greenery. I can't believe its in greece... and volcanic too. I thought volcanic areas tend to be fertile and have a lot of plants and trees

@egooidios5061 4 месяца назад

Thats how all of the Cyclades islands look like. But they make up for it, so long as you dont have to sit under the sun in mid day. If you ever get there, you will see. Ive been in Sifnos last summer, another excellent choice!

@Corvusfromcentaura 4 месяца назад

Is this eruption could happen with this lead to the collapse of greece and the end of the Greek Turkish mini cold war?

@a_kazakis 4 месяца назад

That's like saying the recent earthquakes in Turkey could have led to the collapse of Turkey. It's science fiction. A VIE 5 eruption cannot cause the collapse of a modern economy by any stretch of the imagination. VIE 5 eruptions happen around the world every few decades or so. They are not cataclysmic.

@stefaniebraun3319 3 месяца назад

It would be devastating for both countries. It would not make any difference, if you were in Izmir or Istanbul or in Athens or Thessaloniki.

@garynorris4648 4 месяца назад

This guy sounds like he is talking through a pillow.

@xwiick 3 месяца назад

Bye bye

@andrewdias478 4 месяца назад

So what you’re saying is Santorini is primed for a new mega eruption and we’re all gonna die? You should add red circles to the thumbnail for emphasis. JK btw.

@dani16161 4 месяца назад

My god, did they really move to the rim of the caldera? so so stupid, they do not respect nature at any level

@nekononiaow 3 месяца назад

The cycles of this volcano last over 800 years, there is no real rush.

@nedludd7622 3 месяца назад

The AI voice is unlistenable. Bad tone, and bad pronunciations and pacing.

@xwiick 3 месяца назад

It's not AI

@nekononiaow 3 месяца назад

Congratulations, you just discovered that humans have a large spectrum of vocal tones and expressiveness.

@KKollective 2 месяца назад

Not AI

@herbf2700 4 месяца назад

Don't you mean you'd be ok with your datacenter being in Santorini? You keep backups of yourself in various places around the world so how is Santorini risky to you at all since you're an AI?

@OttawaOldFart 4 месяца назад

I wouldn't live there, those are layers under those buildings and they just added weight to the equation.

@paulcoverdale8312 3 месяца назад

It looks increadible in shots like this but, see it in real life an it all makes sense an you hope it will never happen again! It’s big enough to change weather patterns around the world.❤❤❤🙏🙏🪬🪬🥃🥃💎💎🇬🇧🇬🇧👍👍⛵️⛵️