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Hankikanto - Falling into the Anti/Natal Abyss #4: Antinatalism Between Happiness and Extinction 

The Exploring Antinatalism Podcast
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Welcome to the forth episode of Hankikanto: Falling into the Anti/Natal Abyss! In this episode, Extinctionist Antinatalist philosophy, Matti Häyry speaks with Transhumanist philosopher, David Pearce, to discuss if antinatalists should move towards a bio-engineered future, or an extinctionist one. This conversation was inspired by recent lectures by both David & Matti, at the Antinatalist Advocacy Conference 2023! If you would like to see the recordings of the event, please follow the links below!:
Day 1: • AAC23 Day 1 | Antinat...
Day 2: • AAC23 Day 2 | Antinata...

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5 дек 2023

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Комментарии : 48   
@PositivePessimist
@PositivePessimist 6 месяцев назад
Amazing that you set this up so quickly. Fantastic conversation and wonderful speakers, well done!
@NomadOfOmelas
@NomadOfOmelas 6 месяцев назад
So refreshing to hear David speak so clearly about how NUs need to be practical in their consequentialism and reaching our intended goals. Really hope that this level of practicality continues to spread in the AN community!
@NomadOfOmelas
@NomadOfOmelas 6 месяцев назад
Also wish there was more time for Amanda to explain her answer about manipulation is inherently unethical. So many ANs would garner more serious intellectual attention if they had a clear normative ethics framework that they were transparent about, like David is with NU. Otherwise, it will always seem more like a niche practical ethics question, like people who are all focused on abortion, or whatever issue of the day.
@DavidPearce1
@DavidPearce1 6 месяцев назад
Thank you. Is antinatalism primarily about not bringing more life and suffering into the world and urging others to do likewise? ("soft" antinatalism) Or a global blueprint for retiring Darwinian life? ("hard" or extinctionist antinatalism). I've never seen a technically and sociologically realistic blueprint for the latter - or rather, the only viable way I know to get rid of Darwinian malware is for us to reprogram ourselves into something better.
@DavidPearce1
@DavidPearce1 6 месяцев назад
@@NomadOfOmelas , yes, I wish we'd had time to explore Amanda's concluding remarks. My own view is that autonomy matters only insofar as its absence often involves suffering. In a post-suffering world, bringing new life into existence without its (impossible) prior consent wouldn't be morally objectionable. No one would be harmed. Sadly, this scenario is currently fantastical.
@mattihayry5060
@mattihayry5060 6 месяцев назад
@NomadOfOmelas - The manipulation angle and our entire ethical basis for our antinatalism is presented in our (Amanda and I) forthcoming book Antinatalism, Extinction, and the End of Procreative Self-Corruption. It is in production at Cambridge University Press and should be published early next year. We'll make it open access, so it can be read free. The same idea about manipulation is budding in our recent article Imposing a Lifestyle: A New Argument for Antinatalism, Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics. My NU and an explanation why I think that NU is not always all that straightforwardly applicable to practice is explicated in my article Exit Duty Generator, in the same journal. :)
@NomadOfOmelas
@NomadOfOmelas 6 месяцев назад
@@DavidPearce1 I would agree! It's difficult for me to find other points of disvalue that don't seem merely instrumentally bad with respect to their propensity to increase suffering, which is how I would indeed see a lack in autonomy. I suppose in the post-suffering world, I am still somewhat uncertain as to whether we should be indifferent to the creation of new beings that are stabilized in net-positive hedonic states. I lean towards thinking that an ethical framework could then be developed based on degrees of bliss, albeit a completely different one lacking the sort of normative imperative that the innate nature of suffering has about it, and in today's world always takes priority over increases in happiness for those who are already happy, modulo the instrumental value happiness can bring by displacing suffering and/or motivating people to mitigate suffering.
@rekocastren923
@rekocastren923 6 месяцев назад
This explotion of collaborations and activism to get Antinatalism out there has been amazing to see! Great work.
@ersbay5970
@ersbay5970 6 месяцев назад
Dear Amanda, I just wanted to thank you for your work and tell you that you and all the other people who see this existence, this world in a similar way, give me so much support and hope to endure this everyday triviality. Take good care of yourself, Amanda! Everything is easier with you. I'm pretty sure that together we all will somehow manage to get through this life easily.
@BrotherMarkus
@BrotherMarkus 6 месяцев назад
That was fast to setup lol Looking forward to this discussion.
@PhilosopherMuse
@PhilosopherMuse 6 месяцев назад
The cartoon production at the beginning was priceless! Amanda: Is antinatalism a genetic mutation and if so where is antinatalism coming from... why are we here and how did it get so strong all of a sudden? David: How are people like us possible? Essentially, as far as I can tell, depression; low mood is in many circumstances fitness enhancing, keeping one's head down, depressive realism. Low mood depression seems to be an adaptation to group living. Non-social animals may suffer but there's no indication that they get depressed and hundreds of millions of people worldwide are clinically or sub-clinically depressed. And sometimes depression can be extremely fitness enhancing; it leads to some forms of cognitive superiority, so called depressive realism. Me: The difficulty with David's somewhat circular explanation is that we are unable to grasp it by a solid handle. Anyone reading this care to rephrase his answer and provide additional insight into what he appears to be getting at without the jargon? Amanda: So in this interim period where you have people who have been genetically engineered to experience no suffering (all bliss) you're still going to have all these people whose parents have not decided that for them and that seems bad; that seems like something that creates all kinds of ‘us versus them’ and potential for conflict. Me: You're bloody well right. And neither do we need much of an imagination to infer what these enhanced-humans will impose upon us everyday people. Mind you the interim could potentially be happening now in full scale with experiments being conducted privately throughout the world. Like any modern aristocracy, out of sight and out of mind would work best for their survival. Whatever the case, as they become a part of mainstream society then you can bet they will look out for their own self interest. Perhaps some of them, if not most, like many antinatalists for that matter, can see the advantages of bringing humans into extinction or at least significantly reducing the population, which may in truth restore order-&-stability for them and allow for the environment to heal. From a purely antinatalist position this can be seen as a win/win outcome; what do you think Amanda? Jason
@mattihayry5060
@mattihayry5060 6 месяцев назад
Stay on the channel, folks! This one clocks at 57 minutes. You are spared of the erstwhile nANkikANto War and Peace three-hour sagas. ;)
@benjaminfranklin7263
@benjaminfranklin7263 5 месяцев назад
Great conversation. I think there is opportunity for some synthesis here in these positions. I think both sides are failing to see something crucial. That thing that is missing from the visions of both parties is the vision of what "is", and what is the difference between being and no-being? If you are a being, and you are not aware that you are a being are you really a being? It's a question like: If a tree falls in a forest and nobody is around to hear it, does it make a noise? Alternatively: if a tree falls in a forest and nobody remembers it falling, did it make a noise? I think both parties are stuck in this realm of objective reality. But if you grapple sufficiently with the falling tree, it appears that reality is fundamentally subjective. If a subjective phenomenon does not have the apparatus to be conscious or have memories etc, is it dead or is it alive? Is a tree dead or alive? Is a rock dead or alive? Is a person in a coma dead or alive? There is some blurrying of the boundaries at the edges of deadness and aliveness. If a rock cleaves off from another rock and creates a discrete rock, is that an example of a procreative act? In my view not necessarily. It is possible to genetically engineer something to become closer to be being dead. There seems to be a continuum between deadness and non-deadness. I tree seems to be more dead than for example a racoon. If the enviornment is perfectly stabilized, consiousness becomes redundant. i think that antinatalism is really an evolved technology because we are becoming faimilar with the redundancy of our consciousness. Essentially the machine can continue functioning without our consciousness being present there. And maybe the machine will stop a few years after we depart from the machine, but we won't be there to record when the machine actually stops. Our departure from the machine from our perspective is actually the end of the machine already, if you sufficiently grapple with the tree falling in the forest problem.
@Anubis424242
@Anubis424242 6 месяцев назад
I prefer the extinctionist way, over the transhumanist one. If it was possible for people to modify their own genetics, while they're already alive, they could consent to it and remove the possibility of severe pain, or give themselves the ability to regrow limbs (assuming such a thing is possible). Doing this to new life that can't consent either way seems kind of messed up. What if people decided to bio-engineer children without empathy for animals? What if they enhanced their tribalistic tendencies to turn them into better soldiers for the military? All terrifying possibilities! Willing extinction through a refusal to reproduce seems much better.
@DavidPearce1
@DavidPearce1 6 месяцев назад
At a gut-level, I deeply sympathise with this perspective. Darwinian life is monstrous. But "hard", extinctionist antinatalists need to get to grips with the nature of selection pressure. For technical reasons, the future belongs to life lovers and the beings they spawn. Later this century and beyond, the whole biosphere will become programmable. The level of suffering will become an adjustable parameter. Let's opt for zero.
@acardinalconsideration824
@acardinalconsideration824 6 месяцев назад
I think a complete voluntary human extinction through a mass collaborative refusal to reproduce is a far more far-fetched ambition than transhumanism
@WackyConundrum
@WackyConundrum 6 месяцев назад
Today, some parents plan the futures of their children up to the level of university. They prepare their children for Harvard, say. They want their children to be doctors, for example. Once genetic engineering becomes reliable and accessible, parents will choose tendencies that best suit various skills, physical traits to make their children beautiful, or prepared for certain roles in the society (e.g. army where compassion is not needed). Why? Because we are narcissistic and greedy. We don't want our children to live fulfilling lives. We want our children to be better than others. The biases we have will be ever more reflected in the genetic makeup of future populations.
@DavidPearce1
@DavidPearce1 6 месяцев назад
I share much of your grim diagnosis. Parents may say "I just want my children to be happy". For evolutionary reasons, most parents are ambitious for their children to "do well" by shallow Darwinian criteria of success. But for this very reason, most parents really do want their children to be happy. Literally no prospective parent, anywhere, ever wants to have depressive offspring. Low mood is associated with weakness, subordination and defeat. It's a fallback strategy. As the reproductive revolution accelerates, selection pressure will intensify against our nastier bits of code. Just ask yourself: if you weren't an antinatalist, what genetic dial-settings for hedonic range and hedonic set-point would you want for your future children?
@WackyConundrum
@WackyConundrum 6 месяцев назад
@@DavidPearce1 I'm definitely not the person who we should ask, what genetic settings I would like my children to have. We should direct this question to extremely ambitious people and to people who plan out the entire career of their children often before they're even born. And "happy" won't be at the forefront of their thinking. What will be? "Successful".
@DavidPearce1
@DavidPearce1 6 месяцев назад
@@WackyConundrum , thanks. The point of my question was to hint at the future direction of selection pressure. In tomorrow's reproductive world, even - or maybe especially - "pushy", ambitious parents will design and/or preselect high hedonic genetic dial settings for their future offspring. Other things being equal, happy, resilient, depression-resistant children tend to be "winners" .
@Rignolo
@Rignolo 6 месяцев назад
Badness would never have formed as a concept if life had never developed the capacity to feel bad. I don't see how it could be bad for a life to be created if it was certain that it would never feel bad and would never cause others to feel bad. But even if, through transhumanism, some lives could be created that would never suffer and were happy all the time, transhumanism would not accomplish that for all lives all at once. People who didn't know what it's like to feel bad would have a reduced ability to understand or relate to the suffering of others, and so have a reduced inclination to do something to alleviate or prevent the suffering of others.
@DavidPearce1
@DavidPearce1 6 месяцев назад
Can we envisage scenarios where a privileged elite life animated by gradients of bliss, while a genetic underclass suffer the traditional miseries of a Darwinian biology? I guess it’s possible. But one of the beauties of genome reform is that upgrading our reward circuitry doesn’t involve “winners’ and “losers”. Compare wealth redistribution. Humans are indeed often callous - both happy and unhappy people alike. But nasty exceptions aside, most people aren’t _malicious_. Once suffering becomes technically optional, I struggle to believe humanity will opt to retain it in any shape or form.
@WackyConundrum
@WackyConundrum 6 месяцев назад
Near the beginning of the discussion, David Pearce says that humans have an obligation to take care of the problem of suffering throughout nature (that is, including wild animals). Positive obligations are often very tricky. It's not obvious how can they be established. One can only wonder, why do we have these obligations, and does it mean exactly that we have these positive obligations.
@DavidPearce1
@DavidPearce1 6 месяцев назад
Power creates complicity, whether we like it or not. If one comes across a small child drowning in a shallow pond, then not wading in and yanking the kid out is almost as bad as having pushed the kid in oneself. The same will shortly be true of the animal kingdom at large. Nature is riddled with horrific suffering. Compassionate biologists should fix wild animal suffering via genome reform. But first let's shut and outlaw factory-farms and slaughterhouses.
@tarkvinij8386
@tarkvinij8386 6 месяцев назад
Brilliant intro... I always liked transhumanstic ideas but they are just way too unrealistic and way too distanced from reality. Here is just a very little example. As someone who spends lot of time in mountains, few days ago I was thinking of some kind of suit for mountaniers... to look (or when needed to trasform) like space suit where you'll be able just to lie down wherever you want no matter weather condition and suit will provide heat and protection from predators (not like tank trophy system that will shoot at predators but to be made from inpenetrable material). I mean... just suit that let you explore planet without worry of freezing or getting wet from rain and catching cold, and no we don't have it. But when you look at military and meat industry "toys", weapons and all kind of machines and rockets we build to destroy a life that we are glorifying... 🤦🤦🤦 Cmon, mankind is just cruel bizzare fart Sry for bad grammar no much time to correct
@DavidPearce1
@DavidPearce1 6 месяцев назад
I'd agree with you. A lot of transhumanist ideas _are_ unrealistic. But in a post-CRISPR world, we can now sketch in outline how the problem of suffering is fixable without ending life itself. Our successors may find painfree life as natural as today we find painfree surgery. I know of no way for" hard", extinctionist antinatalists to overcome the Argument From Selection Pressure. The future belongs to life lovers. And this is why I'm only a "soft" antinatalist.
@acardinalconsideration824
@acardinalconsideration824 6 месяцев назад
⁠@@DavidPearce1 If only the ‘life lovers’ were the most notorious of breeders. The genuine lovers of life are easily outbred by the haters of condoms
@DavidPearce1
@DavidPearce1 6 месяцев назад
@@acardinalconsideration824, indeed. Schopenhauer puts it well: "If children were brought into the world by an act of pure reason alone, would the human race continue to exist? Would not a man rather have so much sympathy with the coming generation as to spare it the burden of existence?"
@real_pattern
@real_pattern 6 месяцев назад
i don't subscribe to any normativity, except in the strictly instrumental ends-means consistency sense. VHE just seems absurdly irrealistic and i'm 4 sure not about to invest significant energy into VHE advocacy. lol. it's futile, reifies the self-concept and entrenches unsatisfactoriness. thx no. i'm not planning to co-create children, but i arrived at that stance before even discovering VHE/AN, w/o any resistance. but understing the origin and mechanisms of breeder memes... wellll, it doesn't seem to me possible to get rid of natalist memes.
@mariaradulovic3203
@mariaradulovic3203 6 месяцев назад
I am AN and I don't believe in any future that includes sentient beings and doesn't include suffering. And, yet, life without suffering is not life. I hate life and I am against these fairy tales about life without pain. We need to work on extinction. Of all sentient beings.
@nihilitas0
@nihilitas0 6 месяцев назад
I would rather throw myself into a black hole than wait for utopia in all manifestations of life for the next trillion years.
@DavidPearce1
@DavidPearce1 6 месяцев назад
Life without suffering can indeed seem inconceivable. But compare AI, robotics and the growth of intelligent but insentient but intelligent artificial life. The pleasure-pain axis is only one kind of signalling system - an unspeakably cruel one. Today a pleasure-superpleasure axis sounds sci-fi. But rare hedonic outliers exist. I often cite my transhumanist and polymath colleague Anders Sandberg: "I do have a ridiculously high hedonic set-point". Ratcheting up hedonic range and hedonic set-points worldwide is _technically_ feasible. And unlike hard, extinctionist antinatalism, hedonic uplift via genome reform won't fall victim to selection pressure.
@DavidPearce1
@DavidPearce1 6 месяцев назад
@@dimiecon, in a sense, I agree with you. Systematic equivocation occurs when the same term is used indiscriminately to describe sentient and insentient agents. However, Stockfish, for example, can outperform all humans at chess, and plays moves that - if made by humans - would be described as intelligent. Most relevantly here, Stockfish uses an evaluation function rather than the pleasure-pain axis during gameplay. Sentient beings should switch to more civilized signalling systems too.
@DavidPearce1
@DavidPearce1 6 месяцев назад
@@dimiecon, I'm sympathetic to what you're saying. But I think my point stands. Compare the function of nociception. It's vital for survival. Today nociception is normally associated with the ghastly experience we call pain. But in future, life can be based on information-sensitive gradients of well-being and/or smart neuroprostheses. We can debate whether the smart neuroprostheses deserve the label of "intelligent". But they can do their business - which is all that matters. In future, nociception can be divorced from pain. And this example can be generalised to the current functional role of each of our nastier emotions.
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