Hemoglobin Types: Normal & Abnormal, Alpha & Beta Thalassemia, Sickle Cell Anemia [HbS], HbC and HbM 

This video explains about Hemoglobin Types: Normal & Abnormal, Alpha & Beta Thalassemia, Sickle Cell Anemia [HbS], HbC and HbM.
Hemoglobin are conjugated proteins, with a prosthetic group heme. Hemoglobin found in red blood cell, carries oxygen from lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs. The red color of blood is due to the hemoglobin content of the erythrocytes.
Functions of Hemoglobin
Transport of O2 from lungs to tissues, Transport of CO2 and H+ from tissues to lungs and kidney, Acts as an intracellular buffer and is thus involved in acid-base balance.
Different forms of normal hemoglobin can be found in adult humans and during human development, each containing four polypeptide subunits.
Most forms of hemoglobin contain two alpha chains plus two other chains usually beta, gamma and delta.
Since the alpha, beta, gamma and delta chains of the globin of hemoglobin are synthesized from amino acids under genetic control, mutations in the genes that code for globin chains can affect their formation and biological function of hemoglobin. Such hemoglobins are called abnormal hemoglobin. When biological function is altered due to a mutation in hemoglobin, the condition is called hemoglobinopathy.
Thalassemia is a group of genetically transmitted disorder of hemoglobin synthesis, due to lack or decreased synthesis of α or β globin chains. Because the synthesis of one globin chain is reduced, there is a relative excess synthesis of the other globin chains. These globin chains may precipitate in the cell causing hemolysis, resulting in a hypochromic anemia.
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