Hindustani vs Carnatic | Indian Classical Music 

I am a singer and have learnt both hindustani and carnatic music. Here are some similarities and differences between both systems of music. Both hindustani and carnatic music come from the samaveda Both hindustani and carnatic music encourage improvisation techniques Hindustani music more raga based Carnatic music is more composition based Hindustani music is the music of North India and it expands to Pakistan, Bangladesh. Hindustani music consists of a variety of languages: sanskrit, hindi, Marathi, Bengali, Gujarathi, oriya, Punjabi, bhojpuri, manipuri, kashmiri, Nepali, etc and consists of variety of compositions besides pure classical, such as bhajans, ahhangs, shabads, ghazals, rabindra Sangeet, thumris, jhoolas, kajris, tappas, Chaithis, etc... The pure classical in Hindustani music is the "khayal" and the "khayal" can be either a "chota khayal" or a "bada khayal" "khayal" literally means imagination or idea in Urdhu. " Chota khayal" is sung in medium or madhya lay or drut(fast) tempo. "Bada khayal" means the same thing as"vilambit"(slow). The composition called a "bandish" is taught to learn improvisation techniques in Hindustani classical music. A "bandish" is a fixed composition. A "bandish" literally means to tie something together. Improvisations are done to the "bandish". Bandishes are usually very short, not more than 6 to 8 lines long in length. Bandishes can have different themes: they can be God based, they can be about radha Krishna Leela, Krishna Leela, shiv parvathi Leela, ganesh, durga Matha, ram seetha pariwar, they can be nature based, such as about the rainy season, the spring season or the cuckoo singing bird, they can be about mother-in-law and daughter-in-law issues etc... Hindustani music is more about singing a raag at the proper and correct time, knowing how to develop a raag with the proper bhava., knowing how to utilize different improvisational techniques that are taught such as alaap, bolalaap, sargams, behelawa, taan etc... to expand and improvise. The audience must feel what the musician is also feeling while he/she is rendering and improvising any particular raag. this is why a Hindustani musician takes at least 40-50 minutes to develop a major raag in Hindustani classical music. And this is why in a Hindustani recital, there will be probably only 4 to 5 pieces maximum rendered. The concept of the " Thani avarthanam" does not exist in the Hindustani system like it does in the carnatic system. Carnatic music is the music of South India. It is all bhakti based music. It is all composition based. All carnatic compositions are on God. All carnatic compositions are in: sanskrit, telugu, Tamil, Malayalam and kannada. Carnatic compositions are longer than Hindustani compositions. Carnatic music was called temple music because carnatic music used to be performed in temples before it came to the current public setting. Carnatic music musicians perform more pieces than Hindustani musicians do. They have only one main long piece to perform all the others are like 10-15 minutes long and a usual carnatic music recital will be 2 1/2 to 3 hours long. Usually in a carnatic recital, there will be 6-8 or 8-10 pieces being performed depending on the length of the recital in comparison to a Hindustani recital which is a longer duration. The "krithi" or "keerthana" is what is taken for doing improvisations such as raga alapanai, nerval, and kalpana swarams improvisations in Karnatik music. A student will learn multiple number of krithis in a particular ragam to learn how to do improvisation. He/she will also be recommended to listen to great stalwarts in carnatic music such as bharat Ratna MS subbulakshmi and to listen to live concerts as well.

Even though hindustani music doesnt specify types of gamakas but the mixture of meend, murki , proper gamaks and graces yields to endless combination of exploration. But yes as you said types of gamaks doesnt define raag and meend is most important. Would have been more exciting if you had used both GA in jog

Thanks for giving so much information so generously about the two great systems of Indian music. But Dr. Balamurali once explained to me that Rabindra Sangit is totally a different class. May be Odissi also!

Awesome info, expecting lot of things like this in depth ❤️❤️❤️

Thank you for your exuberant explanation. I enjoyed it thoroughly till the end. It's really educative. ❤

Instruments used in carnatic and hindhusthani video please???

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If hindustani is a chapter than carnatic is the book

3 type of classical music in India odissi classical music originated from odisha

IMHO , H.music is little more smoother& softer than C.music.