How a Car Starter Works 

Here's how a starter works to start the engine on your car.
The car starter provides rotational motivation to turn the engine over to begin the combustion process. It is an electric motor that sits between the engine and transmission, and connects to the flywheel (manual) or flex plate (automatic).
When the starter solenoid is activated, a plunger moves the pinion gear to engage the flywheel/flex plate. Current is sent through the solenoid to the starter motor, which is a 12V DC electric motor. The motor's output is connected to a small transmission that reduces the gear ratio and multiplies torque before turning the pinion. When combustion takes over and the crankshaft is spun by the engine, the solenoid disengages, retracting the pinion and shutting off the electric motor.
Typical causes of wear include the contacts in the solenoid, which degrade overtime from friction, abrasion, contamination and corrosion. Furthermore, the brushes inside the DC electric motor may also fail due to abrasion and corrosion. This can cause a no-start condition. The starter must then be re-manufactured by replacing the affected components.
The starter demonstrated in this video came out of a 2001 Toyota Corolla.
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