How AI Could Change Biology

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You've likely been seeing the rise of AI technology everywhere-and some people are pretty concerned about what it could mean for the future. But did you know it might hold the key to understanding, and even changing, parts of our biology? Learn about what AI has changed for the world of proteins in this new episode of SciShow! Hosted by: Hank Green
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2 окт 2024

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Комментарии : 2,3 тыс.

@moviemaker1986 3 года назад

Hank missed a golden opportunity to say "the future of biology is unfolding."

@TheOrganicartist 3 года назад

in biology, you usually don't want stuff unfolding, hank didn't 'miss' an opportunity, you missed the point of the video, and an understanding of complexity. Don't worry though, you & I are both just silly lumps of soggy cabon zooming around on a tiny space rock that orbits a tiny star. \o/ Yay!

@crackedemerald4930 3 года назад

Or rather, folding.

@Miranox2 3 года назад

He said 'take shape' which is closer to the subject at hand. 'Unfolding' is the opposite. No need to thank me for ruining your pun :D

@morganthem 3 года назад

@@Miranox2 it's all occurring in a lab anyway, so you might say it's de-natured..

@SaltpeterTaffy 3 года назад

@@TheOrganicartist Yes, but in writing, "unfolding before our very eyes" is a poetic way to describe the occurrence of an event. Jack was correctly alluding to that bit of wordplay.

@Tiparium_NMF 3 года назад

I love the scishow episodes where you can tell Hank is actually excited.

@jimbrookhyser 3 года назад

You mean... All of them?

@jibeshmahanta1047 3 года назад

I understood not much of it but damn Hank was excited today

@callabeth258 3 года назад

@@jimbrookhyser he’s always excited but today he was extra excited and it was amazing!

@ps.2 3 года назад

That's the core competitive advantage of SciShow, isn't it? Hank Green enthusiasming all over the screen?

@dolomedestenebrosus9564 3 года назад

It's a beautiful thing

@LYbmtUdpyvI1JVBN 3 года назад

As a molecular biologist myself, I can see why this makes Hank present this episode with and extra dose of passion. This is a revolution that shortens years-worth of lab research to days or even hours.

@midnight8341 3 года назад

Same... A few weeks back I just wanted to compare a protein I'm currently working on to some hit I found in the database and I was really surprised, when I saw on uniprot that the 3D structure was predicted by alphafold. I'm so glad I'm only 25yo in this day and age, where I can see this dream become a reality.

@troyty007 3 года назад

In before someone from Facebook decries it for being unresearched/rushed

@morganthem 3 года назад

as a non-molecular biologist, this is neat and i hope it makes science even sciencier

@Dondai-001 3 года назад

I have a question. Since this program can predict how a protein would fold and the amino acids used to make it. Let's say you designed an awesome protein and wanted to make it in the real world, how would you go about making it?

@Shadi_Wajed 3 года назад

@@Dondai-001 Let a DNA or mRNA make it for you.

@delko-c6m 3 года назад

I'm starting my PhD studies in a few weeks, the subject being protein folding (with NMR). Pretty excited about all this AI stuff !

@danieltakawi9919 Год назад

Any updates??

@wisdomking8305 10 месяцев назад

Give us an update buddy

@shelley-anneharrisberg7409 3 года назад

I wish my biology teachers at school had given half a hint at how exciting and amazing biology is! Hats off to the teams and all the biologists who made this possible!

@bighands69 2 года назад

You must understand that 99% of people do not understand the implications of technology. Most will disagree even when you present them the evidence.

@joshuagoodsell9330 3 года назад

The fact that discoveries like this are made free for academic use gives me not only hope in humanity, but hope FOR humanity. Thank you to everyone involved in this research.

@tresuvesdobles 3 года назад

Deepmind was kind of pressured to do it, they would have monetized it otherwise

@NickiRusin 3 года назад

@@tresuvesdobles good that they were pressured, then

@lyndsaybrown8471 3 года назад

Mhm!

@GMPranav 3 года назад

@@tresuvesdobles "haha look I am shouting at a corporation even when they do cool stuff, I am so cool"

@tresuvesdobles 3 года назад

@@GMPranav Such insight, comments like yours definitely make yt a much better place

@mikelbesil6946 3 года назад

I'm a biotech engineering student, and this just blew my mind wide open. I cannot fathom how much the world is about to change. These kinds of dicoveries and inventions are keystones in human evolution, and I'm happy just to live in the same time as one is being discovered/invented:). It would be dope to apply it in a couple of years in my career and bring something good to humankind, though

@IHateUniqueUsernames 3 года назад

I love it that they made it publicly available almost immediately, as if it was the only right thing that can be done. This is the best of us.

@Soken50 3 года назад

We look forward to your ground breaking biology paper enabled by proteinfolding AI :)

@mugthugthemighty9374 3 года назад

I dont know anything about the science behind this, but this video makes it sound as revolutionary as the mastery of Fire. It sounds like we could develop a spray which would turn an Oil Slick into nutrients for Algae that settles to the bottom of the water column. Things like this in the next decade would change the nature of our world.

@borhex 3 года назад

Eternal life here we come

@mikelbesil6946 3 года назад

@@IHateUniqueUsernames there will always be good people who look for the betterment of the world and care not for money or fame :) I can only wish to be 1% as good and kind as them

@DaBlondDude 3 года назад

As awesome as this is, the coolest part for me is how they immediately shared the full methods and codes 😎

@kevan5321 3 года назад

Yea for China and the CCP. I am sure they will put it to good use and weaponize it, and of course file a patent and claim it as all their invention.

@Serious964 2 года назад

@@kevan5321 sharing with everyone immediately prevents that or a corporation from doing the same.

@Serious964 2 года назад

@@kevan5321 also CCP have no ethicals, they will research anything for any cost.

@benjaminbutcher 2 года назад

That was very cash money of them

@santoshkarela8433 2 года назад

after all it wasn't from apple company 😅

@NikaBoyce 3 года назад

Scientist here.... with a humble request ... can we PLEASE put the breaks on any novel prion designs without a LOT of explicit oversight? Its a small thing to ask, really.

@Mr.BobsDog 3 года назад

The future of biology is unfolding before our very eyes 🧬

@MdMehediHasan-iw4tf 3 года назад

Suddenly it feels like I might be able to see cancer become a curable problem in my lifetime. Just imagining people getting cured from cancer without going through the horrors of chemo is so heartwarming.

@matthew8153 3 года назад

Even better, this might be able to allow the human body to process sugar and carbohydrates like dietary fat and prevent cancer, obesity, and diabetes while allowing people to eat whatever they want.

@branddann 3 года назад

My goodness.. how is it people still wallow in darkness... cancer has been curable since the 1930s . Royal Rife is what u want to input

@watsappenin2865 3 года назад

@@matthew8153 I'd run off chocolate milkshake and doughnuts they my fave

@hydrohasspoken6227 3 года назад

Dear. There is a clear treatment for malaria. Yet millions die per year. It is not only about science.

@vhollund 3 года назад

"people" Yeah right Ultra rich elites

@tuanminhnguyen4625 3 года назад

The way he presents we can see how excited he is about it. He made me excited too like I am gonna do something with it tomorrow even though I don't have any science background at all. 🤣🤣🤣

@Glidingwithdolphins 3 года назад

Yeah, he's so much more energetic today.

@Luminarada80 3 года назад

He has the excitement of someone who's had to do protein crystallography before

@gastonfourt5363 3 года назад

I am studying Biology in the english Curriculum for A-Levels. I am excited to hop into this world after a few years. I can't wait!

@AvangionQ 3 года назад

This is such a massive step forward in biochemistry that I can't even predict all of the applications it will bring forward.

@crovax1375 3 года назад

Maybe we should design an algorithm that can!

@great__success 3 года назад

well, that's exactly what scientist thought about nuclear energy and back them no one predicted it will be misused for killing thousands

@crovax1375 3 года назад

@@great__success the application of nuclear sciences for all purposes, including strictly military ones , have helped more people than it has harmed

@djdfduke 3 года назад

@@crovax1375 l

@cthulhufhtagn7520 3 года назад

@@great__success The inventors of the hammer probably never intended for it to be an improvised murder weapon tens of thousands of times but without it could you imagine how many houses wouldn't have been built?

@Josie1029 3 года назад

omg this is great. I am getting an MS in Bioinformatics so this is up my ally. I used some protein predicting tools and it has been so confusing since the results often were different in protein families and the protein family functions. I am very excited to be able to use this.

@IAmNumber4000 3 года назад

Being able to simulate protein interactions is going to be absolutely massive. In the future, being able to safely predict what will happen when a gene is edited with CRISPR will permanently alter the course of human evolution.

@dark-lord-vinay 3 года назад

That is insane to think about!

@heinzie5 3 года назад

terrifying. who can guarantee this power will be used wisely.

@rudrasingh6354 3 года назад

@@heinzie5 there will always be those who misuse technology(nuclear science lead to nukes), it is all but a tool but on the upside being able to treat genetic diseases, finish of cancer and other stuff is important on levels i cant describe.

@ruschein 3 года назад

@@heinzie5 It's obvious that this power will be used both wisely and unwisely anything else wouldn't be human!

@daciefusjones8128 3 года назад

we're gonna need a more heat tolerant and drought tolerant version of ourselves pretty soon.

@Steelrat1994 3 года назад

The protein structures finally became so complex, they were able to analyze themselves and start moving towards more intelligent system design.

@Emmet_v15 Год назад

I assume you are talking about how we're made of proteins and are analyzing ourselves

@daddymememaster5432 Год назад

@@Emmet_v15I would assume that you assumed correctly

@NeoShameMan Год назад

Well actually 😂

@TheStripeTailedFiend Год назад

@@daddymememaster5432i would assume that you correctly assumed that they assumed correctly.

@jpdj2715 Год назад

Definition of biochemist: DNA with knowledge of self.

@gastonmarian7261 3 года назад

This feels like one of those things that is a flashback in a history lesson of some utopian society hundreds of years in the future. "In 2021, two teams of researchers made a breakthrough understanding in our ability to simulate protein folding, and then released their techniques freely for academic use. This ushered in an unprecedented era of human progress, giving us headway towards final victory into some of humanity's largest problems which had been seen as practically intractable up to that point." Flash forward to present day and play out the story describing all the ways it fundamentally improved the world, and the ways those developments played out on a societal level

@joeyagati2138 3 года назад

Making me cry

@Amaling 3 года назад

@HoboGardenerBen yup, most inventions nowadays in society are solutions for problems that previous inventions created. And one can assume that even inventions like this will wind up with consequences that'll continue the spiral Regardless, it's fun to speculate

@serraramayfield9230 3 года назад

@WalkAMileAncientCityStyle That's an extremely dangerous mentality

@elapplzsl 3 года назад

@HoboGardenerBen Lol no system will ever be able to make a utopia simply because one mans utopia can be another persons hell. But capitalism + democracy is by far the best system have got. All other systems have either failed or made less desirable results. But problem with capitalism is you need to have balancing forces to stop runaway wealth accumulation so few people can control the market and also use their wealth to control politics/government, which why you need to have strong antitrust laws, bribery laws ect. and enforce them.

@110100111000 3 года назад

This comment reminds me of m.ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-CWu29PRCUvQ.html m.ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE--IgMUPZ_Ekc.html

@coagulatedsalts4711 3 года назад

this is the best news ever. my bio professor was talking about how we always need to verify that the protein simulated matched the real life one, but considering the AI’s high rate of success we essentially eliminated a ton of the work to get there. here’s to a very productive and prosperous decade of biotech!! 🥂

@NineSeptims 3 года назад

Lets not do anything messed up with it like alot of world changing tech.

@tomc.5704 3 года назад

@@NineSeptims Like any tool or technology, it will be used for all purposes. And the field of molecular biology and protein design is going to provide a large number of incredibly powerful tools. Within 100 years (honestly, at the rate this is going, maybe within 40) we will be able to cure any disease. I'm not joking. We will be able to cure any disease. This is the field that will do it. If you want, I'll type up a whole damn essay about how cool this stuff is. I actually worked at the seattle lab mentioned in this video for a semester in college. But, it's also not hard to come up with a way to use this technology for evil. If someone was inclined to use this technology to develop a bioweapon --- hooo boy, that scares me more than nukes. Cure every disease. Wipe out humanity. It's up to us what we do with it. Frankly, I'm expecting both.

@sybrandwoudstra9236 2 года назад

Knowing biologists, we will probably have to still confirm the protein structure. Similair to how we do an in silico analysis (computer analysis), and then have to do an in vitro analysis (lab analysis) after that.

@Dokattak Год назад

This is the exact meaning of “AI is a tool.” It can’t do everything, but it can be *used* to do everything.

@teajay74 3 года назад

I remember as a biochemistry student in the nineties dreaming I’d some day come up with an insight that would allow me to predict protein folding using an Excel spreadsheet. I seriously overestimated Excel and underestimated my own stupidity. (Although one of my fellow honours student though she might have cured cancer using peptides).

@vincentchen9678 3 года назад

I'm a bioinformatician, this breakthrough has been heard since June or July this year. It is blowing up my mind how advance our technology has come. Luckily around the time, the software was already open to be used and I was lucky to be able to use it for my reasearch.

@djamil59ify 3 года назад

Does it reay huge advantaged or just overhyped?

@collincivish8962 2 года назад

Yes. please tell us how large an impact it's had on your processes and result times.

@vincentchen9678 2 года назад

In my case, I was able to get a better 3D structure model for my enzyme (lipase from a specific bacteria) and with that, I did further analysis to introduce a mutation in the lipase to alter its hydrolysis behavior (more than one program were used). I also compared the bioinformatics analysis results with the lab experience. The bioinformatic has predicted the hydrolysis activity increased and it's also proven by the lab experience So ya, it has a huge advantage for me cause it can "predict" the enzyme before the lab experience

@bighands69 2 года назад

@@djamil59ify The hype was 15 and 20 years ago. The technology is now a reality and is being applied to the real world. The reason this has happened is due the hardware engineering and software engineering and ai research. It is the perfect meeting point of different capabilities.

@cewla3348 Год назад

@@vincentchen9678 that's insane! so, you can predict what happens under specific circumstances? do the people working against the disease of the day use this to sorta see the effects of a drug? i am so curious now i know it works and is very useful!

@zsofi113 3 года назад

This was so good, the way you’re able to break down such detailed topics so concisely is incredible

@Dollightful 3 года назад

This is incredible!

@travismckinnon2494 3 года назад

When are people going to wake up and say NO you are not putting anything in my body even if your promise me ill live to 2pp years and will not need health care! Time to wake up people Jesus came back and paid the price for Fully Human not hybrids. There is nothing knew under the sun this genetic alterations went on in the times of Noah. It says the Nations will be deceived by sorcery which is the word Pharmacy!!!!

@natalyrausch 3 года назад

@@travismckinnon2494 I bet you still use tylenol, advil, tums, pepto, and go to the doctor when you're sick. If you don't, kindly go live in a third world country. Stop trying to turn ours into one.

@travismckinnon2494 3 года назад

@@natalyrausch I don't use those products thanks to God. He showed me what they have been doing to our food and water so taking care of that problem will cure 80 percent of people. You think advancement in gene editing is good and new but its bad and old. It was done many years ago what do you think dinosaurs were genetic experiments hence why none are alive today.

@johnconnor7501 Год назад

I can’t wait to see how AI helps humanity in the future.

@LEO_CXLIV Год назад

@@johnconnor7501 Had an ex a project manager at the I won't say the name for her protection but it was at one of the largest tech giants you can think of 10 years ago it was far beyond Skynet back then. What they show you now is nothing. Not that many months left to go until Judgement Day.

@idrislife4967 2 года назад

I remember a few years ago, making a prediction of a protein's structure from it's sequence even by seq comparison was impresice and time consuming, this is truly revolutionary

@kiran10110 3 года назад

So happy both groups released their code - I hope important tools like these always remain free and open to use!

@shoot-n-scoot3539 3 года назад

Good timing...was just researching protein folding last evening.

@DyslexicMitochondria 3 года назад

prions?

@epicstuff7522 3 года назад

@@DyslexicMitochondria Hey bro i watch ur videos. Love ur channeI

@leetakamiya 3 года назад

Similarly, my protein folding consisted of bending my hamburger patty to fit a hot dog bun.

@shoot-n-scoot3539 3 года назад

@@DyslexicMitochondria Now I need to go find out about prions. Ha. So... prions can cause Alzheimer's as well as other terrible diseases. Prion replication is still being studied. Prions junk up the extracellular matrix which seem to be toxic to neurons. Don't want this being weaponized into something easily contagious.

@dyoolyoos 3 года назад

Let's all geek out together with Hank! This is biology's and medicine's singularity.

@procrastinator99 3 года назад

I've geeked out so hard I've transcended Time and Space. Send help.

@dyoolyoos 3 года назад

@@procrastinator99 sending an Uber. what's the address of that continuum?

@degraft3960 3 года назад

It's only the beginning. Give it a few more years for the baby universe created to truly inflate

@ZMattStudio 3 года назад

Your excitement is infectious, Hank. This makes me so damn excited about the future of medicine.

@bradhilton2283 2 года назад

This is great because now we can “ Standardize “ protein structure for mass manufacturing and create a new industry , exclusively in North America, preferably on the eastern sea board . A silicone Valley on the east coast.

@CyPorter 2 года назад

The last time I was this excited was when news about CRISPR was coming out. That was only a short time ago!

@Nao_Craft 3 года назад

This may be one of favourite ever episodes of SciShow. Hank is so enthusiastic that he looks like he’s in a VlogBrothers video! This is seriously, seriously cool and I can’t wait to see what humans can do together with this new knowledge!

@Geimkisi 3 года назад

Sometimes, when I watch shows like this, about how humans are advancing science. I start doing a little dance in my seat. Just me? This stuff just makes me happy, lol

@cooling9953 3 года назад

Yeah it really is amazing!

@popviz3316 3 года назад

Not just you :-)

@adyari808 3 года назад

its you being a proper human

@FriendlyNeighborhoodDM 3 года назад

This...this is like a baby titan starting to stand on the shoulder of giants!

@joeparish3309 2 года назад

I'm terrified by the toxicological implications of this. It took us decades to realize that many plastics had long-term, non-acute interactions. Being able to make a custom protein that does a designed task wonderfully is good news -- but what about the Law of Unintended Consequences for these designer proteins? I hope like hell the protein designers consider toxicology tests before racing to wide-spread usage.

@ryantakens5625 3 года назад

As a Biochemist, this technology can be applied to so many areas! I'm excited to see the change that this will cause. Hopefully, it will be used for good!

@Steven-wj8mb 3 года назад

Anybody, explaining anything they're passionate about, always entertaining. Congrats to the human race, use it for good please. Please.

@bemusedalligator 3 года назад

Think about combining this with CRISPR to quickly design and produce entirely new structures unrelated to evolution... Or you can combine with our new mRNA injection tech to produce temporary structures to support growth - i bet you could regrow limbs.

@1b0o0 3 года назад

@@bemusedalligator absolutely. Eventually it will take care of senescent cells. I now believe it will be possible to defeat death in our lifetimes.

@xPRIMExNITROx 3 года назад

I really don't think I've seen Hank this excited before

@raphaelgarcia9576 3 года назад

So exciting, between CRISPR and this, biology has broad frontiers opened up for generations to come.

@user255 3 года назад

Don't forget the recent addition "CRISPRoff". I think we will see it soon (in relative terms) in medical use.

@Laszer271 3 года назад

@@shockcat5988 that could be said of many scientific breakthroughs. But still it's much better for this to be open to public rather than be secret knowledge of some country's army, right?

@user255 3 года назад

@@shockcat5988 The same technology can be used to fix all those problems (at least eventually) you mentioned.

@mjolnirswrath23 3 года назад

Or .. Create Nightmares...

@comradeofthebalance3147 3 года назад

@@shockcat5988 Technology is a tool. It is our responsibility on what we use it for

@CemKalyoncu 2 года назад

This is extremely good news, but it is only step one. The next step is determining a protein sequence for a specific shape. With this method it will take an huge amount of time and knowledge to do. Creating a software for this is more difficult than finding the shape. But that would mean programming biological constructs and 3d printing them afterwards. You can create nano machines, machines that can perform mechanical tasks, that can destroy cancerous or viral dna/rna, generate energy and so on. But first we will need the next step.

@Galbex21 3 года назад

This is amaizing. Probably we cant even imagine the possibilities this kinds of technologies will bring.

@icecoldparasite8439 3 года назад

As a structure biologist this is such an exciting time to be working in this field! Also love the palpable excitement from Hank! Was a bit sad though, that cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) didnt get mentioned as one of the methods used to solve protein structures (maybe I am biased since thats the method we are using in our lab). In cryoEM we flash freeze proteins in liquid ethane (-175°C) which preserves them in a near native state and then image them under an electron microscope. We collect tens of thousands of images of these frozen "in time" protein particles and then use complex algorithms to generate a 3D representation of the protein (also referred to as map).

@pascalzumstein5069 3 года назад

as a molecular biologist i was also expecting him to mention cryo EM

@TI.T.O Год назад

How many times in a day can you do that?

@jbruck6874 Год назад

Cool- whats the rough timeframe for bulding a map for a new protein? What are main limitations- eg are certain proteins outside the scope of C-EM? Thanks!

@zemperus1639 Год назад

i'd imagine TITN (Cant remember the name accurately), the 180,000 character protein. That's a lot of computations of all of the atomic & quantum effects, bonds, electrons, etc. But that's what supercomputers are for.

@BitcoinIsGoingToZero Год назад

As a biomedical engineer, I was also expecting him to mention how the crystal state not necessarily how the protein is folded under normal conditions. CryoEM I believe can get a more complete picture of the protein in all its conformational states. Interested in if I got that right, from the structural biologist haha.

@beta0librae 3 года назад

As someone who wants to go into biology, this is so cool and exciting!!! Thanks for spreading the information :)

@WulfgarOpenthroat 3 года назад

You say biology, I say wild nanotechnology. :p The potential applications of this are endless. The complement system is a good example of the power of proteins; Kurzgesagt has a fun video about it; ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-BSypUV6QUNw.html

@bighands69 2 года назад

Not everybody is cut out to go into biology or sciences. You need to be sure that you have the natural ability to perform in such fields. You may find that you are better suited to other fields or that biology is perfect for you.

@bardacha100 3 года назад

This is the first time I have seen someone explain, protein biology and AI, in a clear and simple way.

@DrReginaldFinleySr 3 года назад

Just beautiful. I have actually sat down and attempted to work out protein folding on paper just to gain a better understanding of how this occurs in nature. This is fascinating stuff. Wow!

@saulpierotti 3 года назад

I am a PhD student who worked very closely to this field of research. This is very understandable but impressively accurate! Keep up the good work!

@ykjt91 3 года назад

Machine Learning is a crazy powerful tool! I'm so excited for the future it's bringing

@TheOppiter 3 года назад

im not. it'll learn were not worth saving.

@babecat2000 3 года назад

@@TheOppiter negative nancy

@ddpwe5269 3 года назад

ahhh, the leap forward everyone has been waiting for......will be EXTREMELY interesting to see what they do with it! Can't wait and see =)

@madnecessity 3 года назад

I had to rewatch it because I'm still not over it. This is incredible

@Baekstrom Год назад

Since I'm now in my 50es and several of my close relatives have died of cancer, I'm naturally very interested in any news about potential breakthroughs in cancer research. For years I have assumed that I'm very likely to some day die from cancer, but recently I've started to doubt if that is necessarily going to be the truth.

@oscarmvl 3 года назад

That sounds revolutionary. Also, great video!

@AdityaMehendale 3 года назад

The excitement in Hank's body-language is unambiguous in this ep :)

@austinnar4494 3 года назад

This is incredible. One thing that immediately comes to mind: since using a classical deterministic algorithm protein folding is NP-complete, and all NP-complete problems are computationally equivalent, does that mean that we could use a similar approach to solve/approximate other NP-complete problems? That would be incredible

@lelandshennett 3 года назад

I wish I was smart enough to understand anything you said 😂

@doilyhead 3 года назад

NP complete stands for nondeterministic polynomial-time complete. My question is how this relates to topology, the mathematical theory of knots.

@eumim8020 3 года назад

Technically this AI is not a "solution" since it doesn't give the right answer all the time, more like an heuristic comparing with NP problems. We've got some good heuristics for most NP-complete problems, it really isn't that worthy. I work with AI and deep learning, everything from feature extraction to training it's very time and resource intensive also engineering an ensemble neural network with hundreds of layers is very hard and costly to optimize. While comparing with NP problems this algorithm might be seen as a stochastic output tending to infinity (depending on the training) so id consider it to be Omega(infinity) aka not a solution for NP problems. Doing something actually useful with machine learning costs a lot of money, you need someone to give you those resources but it's very fun and powerful lol

@musicdev 3 года назад

For anyone reading these comments, 👆👆👆 this comment is the best answer

@kazedcat 3 года назад

There are algorithms that give you good enough solution to NP complete problems. This AI is in similar category it gives you a good enough prediction of the protein shape. But it does not give you a mathematically correct answer only answers that are close enough.

@aplcc323 3 года назад

What a curious discovery, I had no idea that this problem existed let alone that there was a solution to it! Thank you for the explanation, I've learned a lot and I might even check some more stuff about these problems at a later stage! You guys and the world have never cesed to amaze me.

@greggrobinson5116 3 года назад

This is truly a revolutionary breakthrough! Protein folding was notorious as the utter and ultimate barrier to understanding all of life, and it was so difficult that many saw it as marking the absolute limit to human knowledge: just too difficult & complex to ever be solved. Let's just hope we treat it with the awe and respect it deserves. We already know of diseases caused by protein mis-folding...

@zaclovesschool2273 Год назад

Yeah, only issue ive got is that humans don't always use these things well. I think we're developing a bit too fast and nobody is bothering to slow down and think about the bigger picture outside of "what can this do for US?". Approaching all of these new frontiers, with some people saying that it's bordering mystic understandings of things...It's potentially dangerous when we start messing with forces beyond our control or ones that we might not be ready to handle. (We thought the atomic bomb might theoretically blow up the world, and yet we still set it off for the sake of being able to destroy others). Just makes me slightly uneasy how rapid everyone wants things now.

@bbaucom2 Год назад

@@zaclovesschool2273You can, perhaps, delay an avalanche. But you can't stop it.

@Allison_Leigh 3 года назад

Considering my chronic illness deals largely in errant proteins, I am thrilled to see any progress in this area of knowledge but this is beyond! I hope this will be even more helpful to scientists and doctors than expected. WOO!

@elliephants7047 3 года назад

sitting here at almost six AM crying because nobody is hoarding the insane scientific advances they're sharing them and I can't cope with the happiness feeling it brings

@midnattsol6207 3 года назад

An area where unlike most others, humanity took the humane route of action :)

@midnattsol6207 3 года назад

@Bryan Smith That's not how science works. Only the industry operates like this.

@stripyrex_gaming 2 года назад

@@midnattsol6207 exactly

@stripyrex_gaming 2 года назад

@Bryan Smith you do realize that you can't hoard so much of a breakthrough in science, from the global community of scientists. I mean its impossible to treat scientists as if they were consumers of an economy.

@midnattsol6207 2 года назад

@our very weird world aluminium on fire

@abdullahtariq803 3 года назад

It's really a massive step forward towards future biology. I can imagine that there is a tremendous potential of applications this technology will provide Being in my 40s, I see hope to live longer... Congratulations to everyone related to the research and achievement... Mankind will remember you..

@sirsia1st 2 года назад

It may not be purely altruistic, they could be intentionally or unintentionally helping themselves (or a mix) to live longer. Nothing wrong with that if we can somehow keep population and resources in control. There's a lot of other comments with negative viewpoints (use as a weapon, this is against God and religion, corporations will hoard it.. etc etc.), I'm just stating that there's definitely pluses and minuses that now start to pop-up that hadn't been there before. I'm excited as anyone who's in their latter years in hopes to prolong a healthy life with technology; I don't want it to cost the future of humanity though.

@bighands69 2 года назад

@@sirsia1st They? The research algorithms are completely open source and published. No one company or person will control this knowledge.

@sirsia1st 2 года назад

@@bighands69 I certainly hope you're right, but my life experience is different. The rich and mighty keep getting rich and mighty, while the rest of us live with the scraps that fall off the table's edge.

@bighands69 2 года назад

@@sirsia1st Once something has been achieved everybody will be able to figure out how to do it. That is the beauty of a market economy. Competition creates lots of choice and variety.

@robertunderwood1011 2 года назад

@@bighands69 optimistic. Who here remembers the first scientist. To discover methane eating bacteria with a high growth rate that were also high in protein.? What were those scientist names now and when was their discovery made ?1940s?. And what. Have we done with that incredible information?

@xtldc 3 года назад

I’ve worked in the crystallography field since starting grad school back in 2003 - this is an absolute revolution. Without even looking it up, as soon as I heard Univ of Washington, I knew David Baker’s lab would be involved with this somehow. I love reading their papers.

@aff66 3 года назад

The made it public? bless them!

@mal9369 3 года назад

Man, what incredible news. The potential this breakthrough has is absolutely unending. I mean, the sheer diversity of structures made in nature by proteins along is immense. Who knows what developments well be able to achieve with this new method? I cant wait to see what comes out of this

@faustinpippin9208 3 года назад

*"Who knows what developments well be able to achieve with this new method?"* Dont worry, the rich will find a way to get richer with it by making our lives more miserable

@babecat2000 3 года назад

@@faustinpippin9208 quit being so negative

@faustinpippin9208 3 года назад

@@babecat2000 In this world? nah

@theinfinityiq6074 3 года назад

These videos make my day and especially on topics that involve the health of others. Almost brought a tear to my eye and I'm extremely excited to see how this develops.

@Bluearek 3 года назад

In the words of The Common Descent Podcast- “we are living in the future”

@LoisSharbel Год назад

Wonderful! Love your enthusiasm

@Abdega 3 года назад

I’m curious as to how the AI handle things like prions Will sometimes the AI say the desired protein is the resulting structure? Or will it usually go toward the more stable but destructive prion structure?

@waynemcbain 3 года назад

super cool stuff! I remember running Folding@Home a long time ago which was trying to do just this

@code4chaosmobile 3 года назад

This is going to be huge, like sci fiction big. same thing with fusion, where its impact is just so wide and far on what we can and cannot do as a society. Going to be following this closely. Exciting times!

@panteleymonschekochikhin-k1978 3 года назад

Fusion is much less close and tangible than this.

@bighands69 2 года назад

Fusion is not yet realistic and is akin to the ai promise of 25 years ago.

@jbartl87 3 года назад

With AI learning continuing to make huge breakthroughs like this, it'd be nice if we could get an AI neutral network to recognize click bait and misinformation.

@damonhage7451 3 года назад

Well you’d have to trust the people training the AI to know the truth for that kind of project. I think they have stuff like this now and it regularly gets it wrong.

@useodyseeorbitchute9450 3 года назад

It sort of did. Radiology AI was able to quite correctly guess patient race, even though there is cherished misinformation that those differences are just skin deep.

@jhwheuer 3 года назад

No money is making news boring.

@hitmusicworldwide 3 года назад

I believe it is safe to say that since the constituent parts of proteins are the molecules and atoms that make them up that they have to follow the laws of physics within their domain and so it is only a matter of time before these finite consequences are determined and are algorithmically defined

@Destroytion 3 года назад

I think some people are underestimating how truly amazing this is. This could mean solving basically almost every disease, as well as aging.

@squamish4244 Год назад

They really are. Especially now that LLMs have gotten so much attention. (Although the two are related, of course, like all AI.) AlphaFold came out, and then two years later, AlphaFold 2, a substantial improvement. And then more. And this is just the beginning. This March, a drug that could treat liver cancer was designed in 30 days by Insilico Medicine. What the hell will they be able to do in ten years, with vastly greater computing power? I used to be quite conservative about aging science, Aubrey de Grey, David Sinclair etc. I figured it would take 20 years to produce something viable. Or longer. Aging is very complex and the funding was not there. But my views have changed as these technologies have appeared and money has poured into longevity research. The least the rich assholes with giant yachts can do for us is fund this research :P

@adryncharn1910 Год назад

It's been a year, did it change anything so far?

@unknownguy6686 Год назад

@@adryncharn1910 Research and implementation takes time and also money. You have to do experimentation before being able to accurately tell if a protein works as intended. I'm sure biochemists are already working on it right now, it's only a question of time.

@andersonklein3587 3 года назад

"The future of biology is starting to take shape" - this must have been the most subtle pun you ever made. Good one. (for anyone that didn't get it, hint: protein folding, taking shape, position)

@krista2216 3 года назад

I was wondering where sci show was this eve... This explains it, this is huge!

@tmanook 3 года назад

I can just feel Hank's excitement as he is describing all of this :)

@ET-oq9mg 2 года назад

Nice video, thank you. It would be nice to see more similar videos

@kirix98 3 года назад

I'm a computational Biologist in a computational drug design start up, and this is the best thing to ever happen in 2021

@goat325 3 года назад

every biochemist: "great, we know what it looks like... BUT WTF DOES IT DO!?" Structure is an excellent and vital stepping off point, but understanding the function and how the structure informs that- that is the key

@jacobpadilla9256 3 года назад

Well, the point of this isn't that the structure tells us what it does, the point is we can design and create artificial proteins much faster, which people will than use to test the effects of in much shorter times. Essentially this speeds up the process like, 100's of times over

@jonathansp7212 3 года назад

prediction of accurate structure could allow accurate bioinformatics prediction such as active/ cataytic site determination, docking prediction and MD. Also, there are many publicly available bioinformatic tools for protein analysis, most of them require 3d structure. So basically knowing the structure is the first steps for protein revolution

@fakhruddinnalawala5451 3 года назад

Hank's enthusiasm was truly infectious.

@joeywall4657 3 года назад

"GOOD NEWS, EVERYONE!" 😃

@LaxmikantKachhap Год назад

I was feeling low on motivation for so long. Science used to nurse my mind with curiosity and this video brought back that curiosity I once had.

@timfriday9106 Год назад

Any update to this story?! would love to see how this years competition went?

@hanstubben 3 года назад

You really can see that this tickles some strings of Hank. Very exciting news! Hope it leads quickly to cures for cancer.

@michaelkantner6420 3 года назад

Cancer, AIDS, Alzheimer's Disease, COVID, Diabetes, Lou Gehrig's Disease, Heart Disease, Birth Defects, Genetic Defects, etc... the list goes on, very exciting times!

@magiktv8137 3 года назад

Probably a big step towards curing biological ageing. AI will cause singularity bin 15-20 years. This type of innovation will happen every other week once that starts to happen.

@twocvbloke 3 года назад

I struggle to fold clothes and bedding, never mind the thought of folding protiens... :P

@midnight8341 3 года назад

Don't worry, your cells are quite competent in it ;)

@ameliaswierd 3 года назад

Hank I've been watching these videos since 2015, I graduate this summer and once I have a cool science job, I will sign up for the patreon. I love what you guys do here!

@aaronperron Год назад

2021: "No one is replacing the biologists who study protein structures" 2023: -enter ChatGPT

@jimparsons6803 2 года назад

mmm... amphoteric molecules. And matrices. Heard about this problem back when during the second week of topology. The precursor to this was my Freshman Chemistry, when I heard that the surface of molecules is what counts a lot in chemistry.

@marcusjohnson7218 3 года назад

I do research using alphafold and its ridiculously accurate. What people aren't talking about as much with alphafold is that it can also accurately predict the structure of protein complexes reasonably well. Edit: It seems much more accurate than rosettafold as well

@Krakenman123 3 года назад

But he talks about that at about the 4:30 mark though?

@ZeroGravitas 3 года назад

Their predictive power is still limited to the training datasets, thought, right? Like, there may be types of folding it's never been shown. And (systematic) errors in the experimental data? And isn't protein folding essentially a computationally irreducible physics problem? Like, you can get close a lot of the time, but there's no shortcut to 100% accuracy. I thought I'd seen some more negative headlines to this effect, on this story, recently...?

@marcusjohnson7218 3 года назад

@@Krakenman123to my knowledge alphafold isnt designed for complexes but it still works (you can trick it by connecting sequences with flexible amino acids which acts like a tether)

@midnight8341 3 года назад

@@ZeroGravitas we have experimentally validated so many protein folds up to this point that we have found all major types of folds, like helices, sheets, turns and unstructered regions. To find another completely new basic fold would be like reading novels in the every language on earth for decades and then suddenly finding a new punctuation mark that's never been used before. Not one somebody created by purpose, but just some new kind of comma or exclamation point that was always there, just never used. Sure, it's possible, just nearly impossible. And to the systematic errors in the experiments: could be, but then that error should also inhibit the development of new drugs, because they're designed according to specific protein shapes and they work, so there can't be a major error in our methodology. And lastly: if we figured out the rules to protein folding, like we did with the smaller structures, like helices, we could predict them accurately. But the rules are so complex, because every amino acid can influence every other amino acid, depending on distance, the other AAs in between, the pH or polarity of the surrounding environment... That we just can't disentangle them well enough. So we're training a NN to get an intuitive understanding of the rules. And it's accurate enough. 100% can't be reached, since we're talking about atoms and they always vibrate and move in their bonds, etc. But we're already as close as we can physically get, so the problem isn't actually one.

@gudadada 3 года назад

Interesting to see how this will relate to prions

@Beryllahawk 3 года назад

So wonderful to see Hank so, so, SO excited :D His energy in this is better than a cup of coffee for my brain haha

@sharkhuman-po3pi 3 года назад

Just don't drink coffee when you're stressed out, it has plenty of side effects.

@greysonfrancisco2335 Год назад

My ap bio teacher would be so proud of me for remembering the explanation of how proteins work and fold and form

@roosjen 2 года назад

That brown protein at 10:38 made me think of a Christmas wreath that had spoiled… 😅

@asuka-ryo 3 года назад

This is beyond incredible, I'm actually getting emotional. Imagine the possibilities.

@h_3_x_ 3 года назад

Like what?

@djamil59ify 3 года назад

Like what? can it cure cancers, allergies, auto imun desease ?

@warrixsin 3 года назад

This is genuinely amazing. Im glad I got to see this and how itll change our understanding of the world in the future

@geniej2378 3 года назад

Wow. This is so absolutely incredible! A leap in science!

@emareeallowitz2058 3 года назад

I didn’t understand most of what he said but I’m excited :D

@theelephantintheroom69 Год назад

Isn't it funny how enough complex chemicals, compounds, proteins, etc all came together to collectively look at individual ones with a massive superiority complex 😂

@matterhorn731 3 года назад

I love how excited Hank is about this. Amazing stuff! Will be cool to see where this goes.

@BrownieX001 3 года назад

This is amazing.

@steveholmes161 3 года назад

I’ve been waiting for someone to make progress in the protein folding conundrum for many years now. And the fact that it’s now happening makes my day. Thanks for the update!

@savetheclimate2292 3 года назад

Can someone please explain why an AI algorithm based on distance annotations is capable to predict the 3D structures. I am struggeling here. If I look at a parallel beta-sheet versus an anti-parallel beta sheet they are different in terms of the distances of the amino acids. If you throw in additional secondary elements like loops and helices, how can distance be informative?