How does a modern Power Supply work?! (230V AC to 5/12V DC) DIY Flyback Converter!

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Do you want to know more about the Würth Elektronik components? Then click here: bit.ly/Online_Catalog_EN
Würth Elektronik products, which were used in the video:
- WE-FLEX+ Flexible Transformer for DC/DC Converter (749197131): bit.ly/WE_FLEX_EN
- WE-UOST Universal Offline Standard Transformers (760875112): bit.ly/WE_UOST_1_EN
- WE-UOST Universal Offline Standard Transformers (760875532): bit.ly/WE_UOST_2_EN
- WE-LLCR Resonant Converter (760895731): bit.ly/WE_LLCR_EN
- WE-UNIT Off-Line Transformer (749118105): bit.ly/WE_UNIT_EN
Previous video: • DIY Tube Amp sounds be...
Everything you need to know about Transformers! video: • Is it easy to create y...
Facebook: / greatscottlab
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Support me for more videos: www.patreon.com/GreatScott?ty=h
In this video we will be having a look at the kind of power supplies you use every day. I am talking about switched mode power supplies that convert our 230V AC mains voltage into for example 5V or 12V DC to power our electronics. I will not only tell you all about the heart of such a system, a flyback transformer, but I will also show you how it is used in a flyback circuit. At the end I will also show you a DIY attempt of such a mains power supply that you should (please) not replicate. Let's get started!
Websites which were shown (used) during the video:
www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/...
Thanks to the Würth Elektronik eiSos Group for supporting this video.
Music:
2011 Lookalike by Bartlebeats
0:00 Flyback Transformers in Power Supplies
1:15 Intro
1:33 Flyback Transformer Theory
3:25 Flyback Converter Functional Principle
5:58 Practical Flyback Converter Circuit
8:13 DIY 230V AC Flyback Converter (SMPS)

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29 июн 2024

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Комментарии : 615

@realdragon 2 года назад

Wurth Elektronik: Do your best Great Scott: *Cuts transformer in half*

@robert_g_fbg 2 года назад

DIY == Destroy It Yourself 💥

@legominimovieproductions 2 года назад

Flextape can't fix that XD

@reb_game 2 года назад

ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-YtI294cjKMc.html

@jainvibhore1997 2 года назад

"Do not build this circuit! With that being said, here's the schematic" -Great Scott XDD

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Everyone should have the access to knowledge ;-) But a warning was still necessary ;-)

@Paul_EEB 2 года назад

It is not a bad circuit to build. It just missing parts that make it a compete power supply unit, and it should not be used as a power supply.

@oraszuletik 2 года назад

Dodgy! 😉

@tvishmaychoudhary69 2 года назад

@@oraszuletikDIODE GONE WILD!!

@VijayaLakshmi19807 2 года назад

@@greatscottlab Hi sir. Sir please hack an AR glasses to work on a HDMI input even if the whole setup becomes bulkey. Bigg fan. Love from India ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️

@melchiortod29 2 года назад

That's like marketing to the next level! Love that!

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Well, I wanted to do a video about SMPS and they wanted to show off their transformers.....I would say that is a good match ;-)

@analoghardwaretops3976 2 года назад

.." this is not a promotional pitch..but in all fairness I can say this ( though we were really small customers ) Wurth Elektronik do have " high quality & reliable components and are real serious business partners... despite we using a limited range and quantity of their products...they went " all out " to respond to our doubts/queries/ end use applications..and sent their team over with substantial dev. kits/ catalogues etc. besides follow ups..

@nickwallette6201 2 года назад

I am ALL FOR THIS. I have a pet project I'm trying to learn up to... I've got a shelf full of game consoles from the Famicom to PS4 Pro. I want to install a high-power 24VDC supply and use isolated switchmode supplies to step down to what each machine needs... 3.3V, 5V, 7-9V, 12V, and so on. (Isolated to prevent ground loops and issues with systems that raise "ground" to a diode drop above one leg of the input jack, like the NES.) In my research, I've seen planar transformers that use stacked PCB layers to provide galvanic isolation. Since the design is kind of tricky, they're also available as drop-in modules from trafo manufacturers. But, magnetics selection is non-trivial, and I still feel completely lost on this topic. It's really the last domino to fall before I can start building some POC designs. So, please! MOAR TRAFOS!

@thebamplayer 2 года назад

Can you make a video about active power factor correction, because it's an important topic with switch mode power supplies. Due to it's big capacitors.

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

It is on my to do list :-)

@user-qf6yt3id3w 2 года назад

Active PFC is fascinating. I think it's just using PWM to draw a sinusoidal current so the current is in phase with the voltage but there might be some more clever stuff going on. What would be interesting would be to use a microcontroller to do sinusoidal PWN synchronized to a zero crossing detector and see if that performs as well as a commercial APFC chip. I suspect the commercial chip is doing something a bit cleverer than this but it's not well documented. Basically a 'Buy of Build' for active power factor correction.

@axelBr1 2 года назад

About 10 years ago I had to simulate an oil refinery electrical power grid. Was a struggle trying to understand how a generator's AVR goes from changing the generator's voltage when it's the only generator on the grid to changing the reactive power supplied when there is more than one generator.

@sulochanakharat9033 2 года назад

@@greatscottlab sir please make vedio on "how to use lab bench power supply basic to professionally"🙏🙏🙏 (I request you)

@user-qf6yt3id3w 2 года назад

@@greatscottlab Awesome! Looking forward to it.I don't suppose you know any good discussions of Actice Power Factor Control algorithms?

@inothome 2 года назад

Great video as always!!! Ignore the YT analytics, if they still show poor results. It's not you, it's them and please don't change your style to try and appease the algorithm. . We're all here for the quality of videos you have always done and this is a perfect example.

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Well said! Do not worry. I will keep making such videos as long as I can ;-)

@WarriorRev6300 2 года назад

Those waste fake yt videos with crazy thumbnails are making it to yt algorithm.

@nickwallette6201 2 года назад

I would love it if content creators banded together and created a wash of "Shorts" that were titled "do not watch this - nobody asked for it, nobody wants it, this is a waste of time." 30 seconds of vertical video paint drying, grass growing, and similar pointlessness. When the viewing stats are complete garbage, maybe YT can butt out of trying to dictate content.

@ihatemicrosoftsobadly3188 Год назад

Already suggested your channel to all my nerd friends :) great videos. Keep up the great work!

@fuadmammadzade1213 2 года назад

Wow, I have watched dozens of videos about SMPS before, but this one really made the subject to click.

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Brilliant :-)

@sumitkumar12 2 года назад

So true, this was the best explanation

@chuckthebull 2 года назад

I have been fixing these for years by changing some of the caps..I had a good idea how they worked and you defiantly boosted my understanding of them even further... lots went into the design technically.. thanks

@thatoneguy99100 2 года назад

I really love Würth Elektronik's products, and I love them even more for sponsoring you!

@TopDedCenter 2 года назад

Looking forward to more videos about this. I've been trying to fix a switch mode power supply for a KORG keyboard and my knowledge in the feedback loop is very limited. This video has been a huge help and i think I'll take another look at repairing it after your next video.

@TotallyNotJason101 2 года назад

Thanks Würth elektronik for us to learn more about Switch mode power supplies!

@ThriftyToolShed 2 года назад

Great video! Thanks for all the work you put into this.

@alext5310 2 года назад

Nice, something interesting to watch while waiting for the F1 GP to start, haha

@InterFelix 2 года назад

Exactly...

@JSPHism 2 года назад

I already lost hope lmao I honestly want to see a good race without rain

@SERAFINARODRIGUES 2 года назад

Same here hshshshshsh

@analoghardwaretops3976 2 года назад

Yes in this demo it was built without any " soft start ".. unlike the G.P. races that can Never begin with a soft start 😂😂😂

@hobbyelectronics2121 2 года назад

The best description of flyback transformers ever :)

@MrTacoSr 2 года назад

sometimes I have to rewatch these videos because I get so caught up in him writing and labeling so perfectly with no mistakes

@MrJugsstein 2 года назад

I'm coming to electronics later on in life. Your tutorial have to be the clearest and most well explained. Really enjoy and get so much from your videos. Thanks for your time.

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Glad it was helpful!

@ToniPlays_ 2 года назад

It's nice to understand how these things work. Sounds complicated but really isn't. Also preparing my moped project for 1.6kw charger integration. So exciting stuff. Great Scott!!

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

You can do it!

@NilsRohwer 2 года назад

Fascinating, I'm very happy to have this video from you. I have wondered about Switching mode power supplies for ages, and to have such detail is great - to be fair, I'm 1:03 in, but I know it'll be good. Edit: I was not disappointed! Thanks.

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Glad it was helpful!

@ucan-diy 2 года назад

Great work! One of the best channels on RU-vid!

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Thanks :-)

@FINALASTXTN 2 года назад

Finnally somebody goodly explained a flyback converter

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

You're welcome :-)

@thetrcg 2 года назад

Thanks for the great content! Always wanted to know how power supplies worked and now I know, I think

@keyem4504 2 года назад

That's a type of video I like a lot. Lots of stuff to learn. Thank you.

@twistedshadowsaf 2 года назад

This makes understanding those circuits I copied down from circuits I worked with before alot easier..

@MCsCreations 2 года назад

Pretty interesting! Thanks a lot, dude! 😃 Stay safe and creative there! 🖖😊

@brucewilliams6292 2 года назад

Great video. I love learning about electronics and your explanations are very good.

@samim6523 2 года назад

I am helping with RU-vid algorithm, I am watching again and again. LOVE YOUR CONTENT

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Thanks for the help :-)

@samim6523 2 года назад

@@greatscottlab my pleasure

@David-zu5tp 2 года назад

9:24 Full Bridge rectifaiaa Good job GreatScott!!

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Thanks :-)

@williamcraig6377 2 года назад

Excellant explanation to a topic I have been wanting to understand for years. Yes, please cover the topic of voltage references. You are my inspiration to build electronics.

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Glad I could help :-) I hope I will get to this video soon.

@electronic7979 2 года назад

Very helpful video. I liked it 👏

@L2.Lagrange 10 месяцев назад

8:56 what an absolute madlad lmao. Props man

@philipatkinson1532 2 года назад

Thank you. I have a big box of these I bought eBay as a mixed bag for £1 ages ago and having tested the coils resistances was puzzled. The box remains! I will try testing them with low voltage at 60kHz Might be more informative. Very good explanation. I vaguely knew how they worked. Now I know more :)

@DonkenAndToivolaRR 2 года назад

Just can't wait for the video on the TL431. I'd love to see, how I could use it, to regulate the output of a dc-dc converter (which aren't so different from smps). For example to battery power a microcontroller based temperature logger.

@robertwillemsen368 2 года назад

Thank you. Nice and clear explanation!

@linuswulff03 2 года назад

Thank you! I've been wanting to learn more about flyback converters recently!

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Glad I could help!

@LabArlyn 2 года назад

I was also looking for an SMPS tutorial, glad I could find this video.

@edoardocastellaneta271 2 года назад

hi, great video as always. just keep in mind that in case of flyback topology, we aren't really talking about a transformer: since there is a high reluctance gap, a flyback trasformer is more like two mutual inducitors with a very high coupling coefficient.

@kelvin1316 2 года назад

Me: "hmm yes, I see" My mate: "you have no idea what's he is talking about do you?!" Me: "nope he lost me at 'reluctance gap'!" Hehe 😇 💚

@Henry-fv3bc 2 года назад

Meh most would still consider that a transformer. RF transformers can be completely air core and we still call them transformers.

@edoardocastellaneta271 2 года назад

@Joseph Bunn great explanation, thanks!

@stormz4040 2 года назад

Thank you. Your videos are amazing.

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

So nice of you

@Slushee 2 года назад

I love this! I have always wanted to make a switching power supply. My next big project is going to be one of these thanks to you. Wish me luck!

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Be careful though

@Slushee 2 года назад

@@greatscottlab Yes! I watch DiodeGoneWild, and my intention is to make the most absudly safe power supply ever built. If you know who he is, he always critiques PSUs for missing safety features and such. Not going to miss any of those. I will be using overkill air gaps and components, and cables too thick. Thanks for the reminder though!

@electromatic2014 2 года назад

Stay creative , and I will see you next time. Always brings a smile to me, great video as always, only getting better and better

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Thank you! Cheers!

@EasyOne 2 года назад

Very well explained ❤

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Thanks a lot 😊

@GeertGoossens 2 года назад

well despite the fact I know how a SMPS works in theory, I didn't know about the specifics about the transformer windings being opposite and the fact it's basically using the charge / discharge of such transformer... I always thought it was due to high frequency switching that it worked like a regular transformer but was just smaller because of the higher frequencies and the square wave... :)

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

The more you know ;-)

@analoghardwaretops3976 2 года назад

....windings being opposite... is for " flyback " mode only...also duty cycle cannot/ should not exceed 50%...

@ShinyMajor 2 года назад

@@analoghardwaretops3976 The flyback can go to as high of a duty cycle as you like within the practical limits of maintaining control, as long as the switching transistor can handle the reflected voltage. I think you're thinking of the forward converter, which is one where you can't exceed 50% with the standard design

@analoghardwaretops3976 2 года назад

@@ShinyMajor exceeding 50% , the volt/ sec. balance in off- to -on may not be achieved..and can lead to core saturation even in boost/ flyback modes.. leading to gradual residual flux buildup... so when it's @ the extreme limit of the hysterisis curve..the next turn on pulse ..in its first few hundreds of nanosecs.can destroy the sw. with uncontrollable current.. Chips for flybk./ boost have an internal divide by 2 f/f to limit max. duty to 50 % .. example..compare data sheet for internal blk.dia. of 3842/43 or other..

@ElektronikelAcoustics 2 года назад

Really a great video as always 👍👍

@SFInspector2211 Год назад

I kept looking at my phone because your background music sounds like one of my ringers. LOL

@janosgajda5287 2 года назад

Great content, as always. Looking forward for the TL431 video!

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Coming soon!

@sahilsingh1 2 года назад

Amazing video. I always wondered how usbc PD is able to achieve different voltages, and this video is the answer - PWM with different duty cycles.

@johnemanuel5593 2 года назад

Clearly understood.... It was too hard to understand about smps.... Thank you it was helpful... 😊😊😊

@semphony100 2 года назад

Thanks a lot scot that subject is much clear to me now

@vidulabeywickrama7852 2 года назад

U really deserve more sponsors.

@SkyhawkSteve 2 года назад

It might be a good experiment to build the same circuit on copper-clad board with a good ground plane. That should cut down a lot of the ringing at the switching transitions. This sort of ringing is what causes a lot of the EMI in switching regulators.

@sdlion7287 2 года назад

a good ground plane needs to be on a separate copper layer? or just having more area (on the same side) is enough? (with those other design considerations, but I want to know how important are ground planes on independent copper layers)

@SkyhawkSteve 2 года назад

@@johndododoe1411 I don't think so. I've spent years troubleshooting EMC problems, and ringing in switchers is a classic issue.

@dexattech 2 года назад

Awesome as always ❤️‍🔥

@darshandodal1889 2 года назад

Just at the right time😍🔥... Eagerly waiting for the next video🔥

@johnathanasiou9284 2 года назад

Looking forward to follow-up videos on TL431 & the switcher IC also. A trick I had picked up from Haseeb Electronics to troubleshoot faulty optocouplers in SMPS is to use a diode on the output of the opto, which helps isolate any feedback circuit issues

@IrishSkruffles 2 года назад

Hi, could you explain a bit more about adding a diode to the opto output? How does that help to diagnose an issue? I work with SMPS sometimes so it'd be great to learn a new way to find problems :)

@BRUXXUS 2 года назад

Oooh, this is an exciting one!

@wgm-en2gx 2 года назад

As always well presented. Someone below asked about PF correction. Along with that, maybe do a video that turns this into a true power supply with PF correction, filtering, in rush limiting and isolation. That would be an interesting follow up !

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Thanks for the feedback :-) Let's see what I can do

@kikihobbyrepair 2 года назад

Nice informative video as always 😉

@The-Master-of-None 2 года назад

When Scott says "RIGHT?" The answer is "NO". Great content as always! Thanks for sharing your knowledge.

@gendragongfly 2 года назад

Great video, there aren't many video's about propper modern powersupplies out there on RU-vid and reading about the subject tends to get complicated fast 😁

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Glad it was helpful!

@lpt2606 2 года назад

Very informative 👏 thanks

@uditfand817 2 года назад

very nicely explained

@TheUnknownCatWarrior 2 года назад

RU-vid: DIY power supply without explanation Great Scott: *explains everything thoroughly*

@sauritinfo2248 2 года назад

Great, I was looking for this topic from may days.thanks to German friend from India. 😀😀😀

@LimbaZero 2 года назад

I usually use bare wire to do these prototyping circuits. Saves some solder and less headache of solder bridges.

@JuanCruzAvila 2 года назад

Loved it!!

@Wegetsignal 2 года назад

Super interesting, as always!

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Glad you think so!

@patstine2741 2 года назад

Video includes FULL BRIDGE RECTIFIER 10/10

@ClemoVernandez 2 года назад

Great video!!

@SudhirKumar-bq4xz 2 года назад

Man you are my virtual teacher.... ❤️

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Happy to help!

@rinokentie8653 2 года назад

Very interesting (again) !

@kdcreativity6201 2 года назад

finally a video on smps🤩🤩😘. thanks :)

@johnathanasiou9284 2 года назад

Awesome video GreatScott!. To help newbies who may not be always fully aware of how oscilloscope measurements should be approached especially with mains connected circuits, can you please do a follow-up video showing exactly how you had connected all devices, especially the isolation transformer & scope ground leads. If you can also demonstrate scope differential probes in such situations, this would be super

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

I did a video about how to use an oscilloscope properly. There all those things are explained.

@oneRella 8 месяцев назад

I love your videos but I wish you had longer versions with more in depth explanations so that idiots like me could keep up.

@DanielsGameVault 2 года назад

As soon as I saw that fuse popping in the intro I thought "Yup: I'm staying till the end" :)) I was hoping to see what happened. High inrush current most likely, since the main cap is big and there's no NTC to limit it....

@nickwallette6201 2 года назад

Haha.. I remember building my first AC mains supply. I brought it up on a Variac, and all worked perfectly. After thorough testing, I plugged it into the wall directly, and predictably... I popped it.

@toqeerahmed3016 2 года назад

Informative and useful video, great.

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Glad it was helpful!

@wh33lz 2 года назад

Great video

@pierreretief 2 года назад

Please build a switch mode power supply with all those features you spoke about, the inrush current protection and such. Would be awesome!

@sarankarthik3474 2 года назад

Eagerly waiting for it and the outcome is lot more informative good one dude keep it up

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Thanks, will do!

@susmittayade4643 2 года назад

Nice video !!! Really loved it!!! Will you make a detailed video how these power electronics produce harmonics in systems and their remedies??

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Watch my video about power forms.

@electroumit 2 года назад

Thank you. Good work.

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Thanks :-)

@matteoa8317 2 года назад

Super video!!!

@umakanthbojanapalli3240 2 года назад

Valuable information sir

@sekiko7183 2 года назад

This is great!

@gakich. 2 года назад

Thanks! Love it a lot!

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

Glad you like it!

@zaedokaudiopk 2 года назад

Thankyouu sooo muchhh for this contentt ❤️❤️🔥🔥

@greatscottlab 2 года назад

My pleasure 😊

@j.chandrashekar8122 2 года назад

Really great

@soumiksen5811 2 года назад

great video

@user-hq2zu4nc7g 8 месяцев назад

great job

@Zebra_Paw 2 года назад

Actually the voltage dropping at the output is due to the flyback topology. It’s just like a forward of halfbridgd, the output is averaged out, but no need for an output inductor, the transformer does that itself when used in a flyback configuration. But obviously it isn’t a stable voltage, so a flyback loop is needed, and usually it’s made with a voltage reference and an optocoupler for galvanical isolation!

@analoghardwaretops3976 2 года назад

Flyback/ boost.. as the name implies..is mostly for " boosted" output voltages...I e. volts higher than input level..so current is usually lower ... The boost inductor is in series with the transistor switch...on Input power side .....and "THIS" current is measured...in the control circuitry..,here it's not the " load " current that's being measured..even though that's what we need... However in some critical apps. the freewheeling diode current... ( partly it's some of the of real load current ) is measured and used for control... it involves more mathematical derivation and additional equalising circuitry...