FLYBACK DC - DC Converter Theory And Example 

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Electronoobs Excelente gracias!! Ojalá pudieras construir una fuente HV rf (1MHz - 10MHz) para generar plasma frio!😃

Great video! It would be great to have more power supply videos like this, with a bit more depth and calculations, not just this introduction. A Comprehensive, but still understandable SMPS topologies/workings tutorial would be one of a kind on youtube

In solving the DC-DC converter problems how can we determine the mode of operation (continuous, discontinuous, or boundary) ?

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"FlyBack"

OH! I was wondering why "flyback" wasn't referring to a "flyback diode" or flyback resistor, both used to draining off excess energy out of capacitors and relays after shutdown.

@@BYENZER How many of us played with relays and batteries when we were little kids? The relay coil giving a sting that feels like a static shock probably got us quite a surprise the first time around.

@@NiHaoMike64 The answer to your question is: Most kids never do. But, of those few who did, sadly, (or gladly, depending on your point of view), most of them are now all Darwin Award winners and helped to THIN THE HERD!

Thanks, i really wondering where the flyback term from 🤣

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Hi, What are the turn ratio of the transformer?

Why do capacitive loads have a problem with voltage peaks?

@@ryccoh Because capasitive loads will suck more power and store it instead of actually generating work with it. Its like having a led with a capasitor at the front. If you give a PWM signal to it, the capasitor will charge to full voltage and then continue powering your led even after you turn the power off (or are in the off half cycle) The capasitor, or better said, capasitive loads will smooth your PWM signal and try keeping it constant, which is the opposite of what you want. In practice you can use PWM with capasitive loads but depending on how capasitive it is and the type of capasitor it has you can either fry your mosfets, output diodes, or even blow the capasitor because of the excesive ripple (the pwm signal itself) or if nothing of that fails you will most likely have a very exponential response, meaning that a 0% you will have 0% power, at 5% you will have 3% power, at 10% youll have 25% power and say at 20% pwm duty cycle you will have most likely 90% or almost full power. Motors and inductive loads dont store energy as voltage but as magnetic fields, which then translate to current. So a PWM signal would make the current raise when on, and fall when off making a sort of low pass filter. This in turn translates in that you can control the average current with your pwm signal which is what actually creates the work. The caveat is that you need to use slower frequencies or you will get a very logarithmic response. Thats why you can hear a faint coil whine with square wave VFDs have that soft start and power control. (Its the VFD doing PWM to the motor coil to limit the max current) Interestingly enough, in theory, if you had a constant current power supply and did PWM with that to an inductive load, you would have the same the same problem as having a constant voltage PSU doing PWM with a capasitive load. If you PWM voltage, you can control current, if you PWM current you can control voltage. Resistive loads dont store energy so they are not a problem, meaning 50% duty cycle equals 50% output power.

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Correct! I entered comments to write about the messed up description of dot theory in the video...

Toroids work fine as a lot of smps circuits can use them. Main benefit of using non-toroidal is easier winding and more space for additional turns.

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Generally that type of CM choke isn't lossy, though some are made to be. They are a poor choice for a flyback converter because they are able to store comparatively little energy and so can saturate easily (i.e. above some point the core ceases to be able to sustain more magnetic flux and the winding starts to look like just a resistance, which can result in instant destruction of the circuit if no protection is used (many controller ICs for switchers monitor the current in the primary and if it exceeds a threshold the chip turns the switch OFF for the duration of the cycle). Inductors for flyback converters normally employ an air gap in the magnetic path. With a ferrite this is done with a discrete gap. With an "E" shaped core a apscer can be used so the gap is in all legs, but the preferred method is to grind the centre leg so all of the gap is there. With "powder" cores, such as powdered iron or molybdenum permalloy powder (good, but really expensive!) the air gap is "distributed" and actually made by the non-magnetic binder material that holds the magnetic particles together. In a gapped core almost 100% of the energy is stored in the air gap.

Many FETs do require a gate-source voltage above 5 volts for good turn-on. You also need a driver that can source and sink substantial current in order to rapidly charge and discharge the gate's capacitance. Even in very old SMPS control IC's the drive current capability was usually at least ±200 mA. His driver arrangement is poor, but it actually probably is advantageous becouse of some other poor choices in the circuit.