How Early Could Life Have Appeared In The Universe? 

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It's an absolute JOY to see a new 'History of the Universe' episode appear. Thank you so much!

This series is better than 99% of pay-to-view content out there, for free. Thank you so much for your effort

The quality of production for these videos is simply astounding, truly a gift on this platform. Your ability to breach into and enhance our imagination to explore these thought-provoking topics genuinely is deserving of great celebration!

I took an astrobiology course in college and did a presentation on the meteor 'fossils' found discussed in this video. Microscopic balls of aligned iron were noticed, which are similar to Magnetotactic bacteria found on earth. Some organisms use magnetic material to orient and migrate along geomagnetic field lines. Using this mechanism they are able to find optimal oxygen gradients in the soil to thrive.

This is great! Thank you. My students ask me sometimes, if I believe in aliens. I always say, "Yes. But I just don't think they've been here." I used to love Ancient Aliens, but then I became a historian and realized that we just don't give ancient cultures enough credit. I have often wondered, "What if we are just the first one that's risen? Or what if intelligence only arises once in a million years?" It's a little depressing and reminds me of the movie As Good As it Gets. What if we are as good as it gets? But then I think, we've only searched such a small portion of the sky. Once scientist I in an interview with Neil Degrasse Tyson, said that of the sky, we have only searched the equivalent of a glass of sea water. You can't look at a glass of sea water and say that fish don't exist. Definitely something to wonder about. And be hopeful about.

These videos with this voice is curing my depression. When I'm stressed out and have anxiety I used to pop pills not to get suicidal. Now I pop an episode of History of the Universe and my mind just instantly settles and my worries dissappear. I am truly greatful for this. I hope you the best. ❤️❤️🙏

It's hard to explain how much I love this content, it's incredibly well made and well presented. Hard science with a kind of romantic touch just makes my day

One note - the "solidified core" theory for Mars has been largely abandoned because the data we now have shows it isn't. Seismology data from the InSight lander has determined that it has a fully liquid core that is much less dense than Earth's core. There is still a lot of research being done on the subject, but the current theory for why Mars had a magnetic field and lost it, based on extreme temperature and pressure experiments using the data from InSight, is a different dynamo mechanism. The iron-sulfur-hydrogen mix of Mars' core originally was mixing and creating a dynamo by circulation, but it eventually settled into layers of high sulfur and low sulfur concentrations. By stratifying, the core of Mars no longer has the circulation to make a dynamo. Earth's core by contrast has more iron, and less sulfur and hydrogen and it's divided into an inner and outer core. The inner core is solid and helps maintain the dynamo in 3 major ways. The first is by the rotation of the inner core (which is currently slowing in a long-scale cycle it's gone through before), the second is heat convection between the inner and outer core, and the third is the confining of the outer core into a shell that constrains its flow. For anyone wondering why we believe Mars once had a magnetic field - ferrous igneous rock is magnetized when it forms in a magnetic field, and much like similar rock formations on Earth, the oldest Mars rock is similarly magnetized in a sort of "fossilized magnetic field" that even gives some details about the structure of the field. This is the same sort of "fossilized magnetic field" that lead researchers to realize the Earth's magnetic field reverses periodically.

This wouldn't be a legitimate documentary and discussion on the origins of life, unless it included the required obligatory footage of meercats at 8:56.

In before the folks who practically brag about only using these vids as a cure for insomnia.

This RU-vid channel is better than most of the stuff on mainstream channels like Discovery. Your voice, narration and scripts are absolutely spot on. The music is perfectly matched to the visuals and the information put forward is deeply interesting. Absolute bang up job. Thank you and please keep it coming. Liked and subscribed!

25:30. Water is not an element, it's a molecule. It's also not the most common molecule in the universe. #1 H2 #2 CO #3 H2O

first a lemmino video and now a History of the universe upload, WHAT A BLESSING

This channel is better than most studio documentaries, tv is dead.

I love this channel! Educational, relaxing, thought inspiring. I use these videos to sleep every night. Drift off pondering about the subject matter. Then go back the next night to make sure I don’t miss anything. Keep doing what you’re doing please and thank you

Another banger of a video, David! This is by far, and away, my favorite channel on any form of media. Please never stop making these videos.

I love this channel. Such interesting subject matter and it's presented in a way that even a smooth brain like myself can understand.

Super super super. How can a You tube content creator better any documentary channel I can think of? This way of course. The content is perfect, it's not tied up in knots and hyperbolae and it's not commercial. It is just perfect. Thank you

This narration is miles better than the A.I. generated lifeless robots.

I've been listening to these entire series. Wonderful work, Folks. Each episode is incredibly well crafted and the narration is absolutely eloquent. Thank you for this!

I haven't gotten this excited over uploads since I was a kid. This channel has given me faith in the next generation of RU-vid.

From what I read, recent archeological excavations (2021) have shown a water retention system and many several square shaped homes uncovered at gobekli tepe

The cure for insomnia isn’t the story he’s telling, but probably just the calmness of his voice.

All of your channels help transport me to another place and another time. Truly grateful

Thank you for the obvious care and quality of your videos. You truly have one of the best channels on RU-vid.

Regarding Gobekli Tepe, don’t forget that it may be dated at over 10,000 years old, but we don’t know how long ago it was actually built. The date we have for it is from carbon dating some material left at the site that long ago, but that doesn’t mean it was built then. The site could potentially be much older.

This was absurdly fascinating. Never heard of this place before with the 10 000 year old monoliths.

I love this channel. Everything they talk about is so interesting and is written about clearly enough for the layman to understand. Mr Kelly speaks so clearly that I don’t even need subtitles, and the editing is awesome. A lot of work goes into HotU and it shows, and everyone on the team does a great job

These are too enjoyable to fall asleep to

Cosmic and geological history are two subjects that I wish I could have learned more about back when I was still in school. Thank you for having two channels that go so far in depth while still keeping it in understandable terms

Such an inspiration this channel for ours! Among the few that live, breathe and prove quality > quantity 🏆. Always look forward to these videos - keep going and producing this magic 🧙🏻‍♂️ ✨.

Paul Sutter wrote this! Impressed! He has come a long way and has honed his craft well. Without knowing who wrote this, I was loving how sometimes the author would introduce a story line and not let the viewer know how it fit into the larger narrative. I’d be familiar with the example, but it’s like a twist in how that fit into the developing storyline. Great approach to use from time to time. Greatly appreciate this channel.

One of the greatest channels on RU-vid! Hands down! Amazing work!

Wow! The story-telling of Paul Sutter and the narration of Pete Kelly - what a winning combination!

Unlike most people here, I actually listens to these documentaries not sleep to them

One of the best channels on RU-vid without a doubt. Always great.

I rarely comment on any kind of social media. But, I must admit .. I eagerly wait for your videos.. literally sometimes I go to your channel and try to refresh - thinking something will come up.. Kudos to you and your team! Keep it up 🙏🏼 Thanks

I would like to thank those responsible for putting these incredible videos together, definitely my favorite channel involving the universe and space, the quality of the videos and the information provided is beyond top notch.

Yaaaa, haven't watched yet, but very stoked. Make sure you give the narrator what ever he wants. He's at least 50% why i watch along with writers. Now back to it.

To be completely honest, I DO fall asleep to these videos. But I usually end up watching them 5 times to get it all.

After watching one video, I was hooked. The series are well put together, meshing the history of quantum physics with new discoveries. Dont change anything and keep more videos coming!

Another masterpiece of content making. Thank you so much for this wonderful channel.

That was one of the best Videos ive ever seen on RU-vid. My first time watching u, and im baffled by the quality ur providing. Damn, im kinda sad i didnt find u earlier!

This conversation gets interesting surrounding viruses. I’m a virologist currently finishing my doctorate in immunology and geek out over this stuff :)

This channel is a real hidden gem. Awesome work! Greetings from Germany!

I absorbed everything, beginning to end, and loved every minute of it. Now I'll rewatch it to fall asleep to. Thank you for putting out a great video

Thank you for this amazing video. It reflected many thoughts I've had to myself and it's vindicating to hear others speculate the same things regarding Dark Chemistry and Life

Amazing! Thank you for making these videos!

you guys keep knocking it out of the park. thank you.❤

Just FLUFFING beautiful work. So enjoyable to sit back and escape into this amazing oration. Thank you mate.

I just found your channel and instantly fell in love with your content

if you are reading this, take a deep breath. Inhale deeply, exhale deeply. Close your eyes and visualise yourself finishing your work, getting the grades you desire, getting to summer and not being worried, visualise what you want, visualise relaxation and hope. It will be okay, you will pass, you have been putting work in, the fact that you chose to listen to this shows you care enough to take the first step to concentrate. You can do it. Say "I can do it." Don't be so hard on yourself, we all hustle, and we all want to be successful, but only those who work hard will get there. It is up to you to see in what end you will be, it is all up to you, and it will always be your choice. Choose wisely, I do love you though, I love you because you have a heart. I love you because we are alive together. I understand your fear to start, your fear to be successful, your fear to be your best. But don't be afraid, you deserve everything you want because that is what is so great about being human. We can get it if we look for it, we can manifest it. Believe in yourself. Take breaks, deep breaths, take it slow, enjoy the process, don't see it as a burden. If you have the privilege of dreaming, then make your way toward it.

Shortly before 20:00 - Amino acids are NOT the building blocks of RNA and DNA, but of proteins.

Brilliant as always. Thanks so much for your great work.

your videos are always amazing, can't stop watching them!

One of the best channels on YT gets the annoying 'context' box. RU-vid needs to stop adding 'context' or propaganda or whatever.

I adore your videos! They are the kind of science documentaries that have become too rare.

BetterHelp is a scam

This was awesome mate. Appreciate your work.

Love these videos - told with such clarity that an armchair science fan can easily follow the pretty massive concepts being shown. Great work! Hoping we're not alone and we just missed those radio signals somewhere...

Wow I am actually learning a few more different perspectives on universal theories, literally, and I've read some Max Tegmark books to show you where I'm coming from. But this, it's up to date science discoveries is what it is, and it rocks 🤘 This channel never seizes to amaze!

Yay!! Thank you for what I'm sure will be another stellar, pun intended, episode. You're so great that these. Always fascinating to think about this stuff.

Never stop this. These space documentaries are truly inspiring. This is all i'l ever need for my MH. Thank you

God every time I watch your videos I get goosebumps. What a fascinating channel!

These questions of "where is everyone" and "are we alone?" always lead me to the conclusion that we should treat the Earth as unique, life on it as one of kind, and do everything we can to protect it. That means becoming multiplanetary, and bringing as much life along with us as we can, and spread it as far as possible. We very well could be the only intelligent life in the entire galaxy and we're the only species on this planet that can leave it. We have a responsibility.

Thank you so much. My favorite yt channel🙏🙏

Love these longer videos so I have something to listen to while i'm working.

The folks that put these videos together are sooo talented..BEST ON RU-vid or ANY OTHER PLATFORM...MUCH LUV FROM N.AUGUSTA S.C

Ok, so I've been binge listening to the entire series. Wonderful work, Folks. Each episode is incredibly well crafted and the narration is eloquent to the point of poetic. Thank you for this!

I know this isn't an "ASMR" channel, but your voice is incredibly soothing and the content is tier 1.

Truly a brilliant channel, one of the best. Thank you

You make incredible content and if it doesn’t put me to sleep it genuinely keeps me 100% engaged with the subject. I know that sounds contradictory, but I just don’t always have enough energy to be 100% engaged. I hope you enjoy making these beautifully crafted videos because they make me happy.

best documentary chanel on youtube.

19:45 amino acids are NOT the building blocks of RNA or DNA. They are the building blocks of proteins.

This was worth the wait. Love your channel and always check to make sure I havent missed an episode

I simply love this channel ❤

Your videos are somehow straight to the point and filled to the brim with information. I love it

The quality of this channel and the fact that it’s free is absolutely astounding. It would rip us of this quality content but for yourself you really should think about signing a contract with a platform to have a paid version of this. It would upset me but it’s totally deserved. Idk how much RU-vid pays you but discovery and various science channels should be giving you a blank check.

Your videos keep my mind off of drugs and when I think about relapsing I watch one of your videos all the way through and it gets me through

For approximately 6 months I have had all the HotU videos playing in a loop most of my non-working hours, including when I sleep. I have probably truly absorbed and understand about 30 to 40 percent of the content. I'll turn on something else when these videos become boring, but as of this writing I still find every video to be intriguing and thought-provoking.

Does it have to be a dichotomy between life and non-life? What if there are more, not less astonishing concepts in the universe like life, but not limited by any definitions. Really mind-blowing to think about it!

Best video from you yet! Outstanding content!!

Would love for this show to also be in podcast form

For anyone who is actually curious, one of the best explanations for the Fermi paradox is given by cixin liu in his sci fi novel the three body problem. The book is fascinating and definable worth a read for anyone Interested. Netflix is also making a show so u can wait for that aswell.

Welcome in another amazing video by Top 3 of the best science channels on RU-vid. Enjoy! (you will!)

Thank you for a wonderful video that has my mind begging for more!

Hey keep the videos coming! You are very brilliant and I watch all your videos all the way through.

I always have a 2hr ride after work, im glad to have these videos to keep me entertained. Love them:)

..its folly to think that there are aliens amongst us...but of a 100 billion galaxies (that we know of) its folly to think there hasn't been or isn't alien life outside our lil blip...

Love ur vids bro- super interesting info and a very relaxing voice 🙏

Excellent stuff! But what was the result of the student's findings? (the Gamma ray's 1s and 0s signal)?

Life is everywhere. And we are definitely not alone.

Your videos are exeptionally well made. Please make one about the whole nucleosynthesis ,specially the super nova part, and give us all the numbers : we love it!! . Keep up the good work.

Sheer class. Thank you for such amazing work.

Thank you! This video brought me so much joy!

OMG I AM GOING TO SLEEP SO HARD RN, BUT THEN LISTEN LATER TO THIS MASTERPIECE

Another beautifully written video. Amazing work, as always.

Enjoyed this one. Thank you for creating!

Excellent, this video keeps reminding me of The Three Body Problem series.