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How Mendel's pea plants helped us understand genetics - Hortensia Jiménez Díaz 

TED-Ed
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View full lesson: ed.ted.com/lessons/how-mendel-...
Each father and mother pass down traits to their children, who inherit combinations of their dominant or recessive alleles. But how do we know so much about genetics today? Hortensia Jiménez Díaz explains how studying pea plants revealed why you may have blue eyes.
Lesson by Hortensia Jiménez Díaz, animation by Cinematic Sweden.

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11 мар 2013

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Комментарии : 1,2 тыс.   
@Shadow-nr4op
@Shadow-nr4op 4 года назад
Anybody here for online classes?
@gerenysechevarria3349
@gerenysechevarria3349 4 года назад
ENRAG3ED OOF yup😭👎🏼
@gbrval
@gbrval 4 года назад
bro i got this from my online science class bru
@gerenysechevarria3349
@gerenysechevarria3349 4 года назад
Ryan Hasan yup
@gerenysechevarria3349
@gerenysechevarria3349 4 года назад
Ryan Hasan Same
@shrink2255
@shrink2255 4 года назад
Yes I wanna kms
@keybawn
@keybawn 2 месяца назад
Anyone here 2024?
@Buttnugfn
@Buttnugfn Месяц назад
YEPO
@user-rm2pg1so5t
@user-rm2pg1so5t Месяц назад
Ya
@user-ie7be9ci1s
@user-ie7be9ci1s Месяц назад
Me
@Obehi.O.fu_re
@Obehi.O.fu_re Месяц назад
Me😩
@Football_edits12
@Football_edits12 Месяц назад
Yeahhh
@dhavalghone9398
@dhavalghone9398 9 лет назад
forget genetics, I love the way peas dance...
@MP-jj3cc
@MP-jj3cc 8 лет назад
+Dhaval Ghone right lol
@RamlaAmali
@RamlaAmali 6 лет назад
ikr!!lol
@galaxystar8223
@galaxystar8223 5 лет назад
Dhaval Ghone hahaha
@raisa_cherry33
@raisa_cherry33 5 лет назад
xDDD
@BumanHeing
@BumanHeing 5 лет назад
Cute animations
@josephiacovino8632
@josephiacovino8632 2 года назад
btw - If your teacher is having you do any dyhybrid crosses (2 or even more traits) you do not have to make some ridiculously massive, and likely error-ridden, punnett square. Simply take each trait and do a monohybrid cross. Then take that fraction and multiply it with the other trait's monohybrid cross. Example: Let's say the chance to get yy for a genotype was 1/4 in your 1st square, and then your chance to get Rr was 2/4 (note not to reduce) in the 2nd square, then your chance to get yyRr = 1/4 * 2/4 = 2/16 This works for phenotypes to, just be careful to add the fractions before multiplying when appropriate... like this: RR = Round Rr = Round rr = wrinkled If we had Genotype probability of RR = 1/4, Rr = 2/4, and rr = 1/4 then remember we have the PHenotype probability of 3/4 = Round... because the 1/4 from RR + 2/4 from Rr = 3/4; while wrinkled is still just 1/4 from the rr
@rockybalboa4038
@rockybalboa4038 2 года назад
@@MarvinLiyanage While we potters are pickin' these stuff up and tryin' it out.(i had literally ransacked the web for half -blood price-ish guide for chemistry practicals. if you got anythin' to recommend please help me by recommending, if pdf version is available online then it would be even better )
@lifewithnisi2739
@lifewithnisi2739 Год назад
Bruh
@kikiscatto4826
@kikiscatto4826 3 года назад
Bruh my teacher asked “Why did Mendel use peas for his experiment?” The answer was “because they have 7 different traits and thus more variations” I answered “Because they are cheap” 😭😭😭
@herhangibirisi8419
@herhangibirisi8419 3 года назад
That’s also true as our teacher said
@Guachimolete
@Guachimolete 3 года назад
Bruh
@kikiscatto4826
@kikiscatto4826 3 года назад
@@Guachimolete exactly 💀
@acertainpigeonman9064
@acertainpigeonman9064 3 года назад
I mean you’re not wrong. Mendel chose peas because they were readily available and could easily be bred
@kikiscatto4826
@kikiscatto4826 3 года назад
@@acertainpigeonman9064 yeh but our teacher is the "I want bookish language" type
@gbrval
@gbrval 4 года назад
Lets be honest.... All of our teachers made us watch this
@jonathanhargraves2241
@jonathanhargraves2241 4 года назад
No kidding
@bj.audios6043
@bj.audios6043 4 года назад
Agree
@bj.audios6043
@bj.audios6043 4 года назад
Btw love your profile pic 👌
@thecheese1860
@thecheese1860 4 года назад
definitely
@bluefalcon6356
@bluefalcon6356 4 года назад
Yeah lol
@Carito680
@Carito680 8 лет назад
Wow!! If everything was explained like this with cute graphics everything would be so much easier! Thank you so much!
@MitruMesre
@MitruMesre 8 лет назад
Kurz Gesagt
@Kari-tl4zo
@Kari-tl4zo 5 лет назад
this literally helped so much lol
@jheremieandojar1737
@jheremieandojar1737 2 года назад
True 😭😭🥰🥰
@pikachuiscute347
@pikachuiscute347 Год назад
Œ
@sirswagger21
@sirswagger21 4 года назад
95% of comments: Who's here b/c of their teachers during quarantine 4.9% of comments: The graphics are cute 0.1% of comments: This comment
@ransackedgranny7563
@ransackedgranny7563 4 года назад
lol
@eighthofmayrainyday
@eighthofmayrainyday 4 года назад
*_i n t e r e s t i n g_*
@ivanjones6957
@ivanjones6957 3 года назад
cough, '1.21065375303%'
@eyemaster3.14
@eyemaster3.14 3 года назад
Shockingly accurate. The comments are currently at just over 1000, which means one comment is around 0.1%.
@sirswagger21
@sirswagger21 3 года назад
@@eyemaster3.14 Totally calculated!
@giop348
@giop348 4 года назад
Who is here only to see if someone has the answers that your teacher asked you in online classes?
@obaid9834
@obaid9834 3 года назад
Why do they ask it if we have to get it in RU-vid Why
@crazzygoodatvenge6775
@crazzygoodatvenge6775 3 года назад
XD
@giop348
@giop348 3 года назад
8 months later and I still ain't got no answers 😔😔😔 well now I'm face to face.
@crazzygoodatvenge6775
@crazzygoodatvenge6775 3 года назад
@@giop348 XD
@xolilardtard4293
@xolilardtard4293 8 лет назад
peas are having an affair "you cheated on meee"
@andrew17s
@andrew17s 8 лет назад
+StudDawgShiba Lol
@owlblocksdavid4955
@owlblocksdavid4955 7 лет назад
They also did incest with each other... Also, didn't everyone discredit mendel, so we had to learn it all again? And then we dug him back up? It was less him that led to our genetics, and more us realizing he did it first.
@Leotique
@Leotique 7 лет назад
but they are siblings anyway...that would have been morally correct.
@maggiemadonna6127
@maggiemadonna6127 6 лет назад
yes, that was what I was thinking when they were pointing at each other
@raisa_cherry33
@raisa_cherry33 5 лет назад
hahahaha x'D
@kaitlynheckman7320
@kaitlynheckman7320 4 года назад
anybody else here bc the world decided it CORONA TIME
@cyndrillis1605
@cyndrillis1605 4 года назад
You know it!
@gigiedits3978
@gigiedits3978 4 года назад
@@cyndrillis1605 Me too... my teacher be like... ehh... i wanna torture my students with a bunch of work todayk
@NikolasAbbotts
@NikolasAbbotts 4 года назад
yep
@ItsJJOLO
@ItsJJOLO 4 года назад
At least it’s a decent video
@NokiasLvr
@NokiasLvr 4 года назад
Me
@judethompson2071
@judethompson2071 2 года назад
I messed about for a large portion of school but I’ve been revising over and over again and videos like this are really going to help me accomplish the large task of becoming a general practitioner
@zainarabi8978
@zainarabi8978 5 месяцев назад
did you end up becoming a GP?
@evergreenproductions4126
@evergreenproductions4126 21 час назад
No
@idkwhattonamemychannel4291
@idkwhattonamemychannel4291 3 года назад
8 year old me looking at 0.16: I knew babies were made by kissing
@misscharis75
@misscharis75 3 года назад
@Brody Rigby 😆
@classiccraftdestined.7596
@classiccraftdestined.7596 14 дней назад
At last their secret is revealed!
@MayBird...
@MayBird... Год назад
That is so crazy, who knew that peas were so interesting? I'm addicted to watching kids science videos.
@ze_us9247
@ze_us9247 8 лет назад
i am going to do the pea dance infront of my teacher after i pass my Bio exam ...hahaahahahah..jkjk EDIT: (July 2020) lol it's been four years and i would like to say...i have passed that exam🤣 (in fact i am now in a medical college) *pea dancing *
@okaypinkplays9893
@okaypinkplays9893 8 лет назад
+Crystallin lol YAAAAAAAAS
@lamyaa1594
@lamyaa1594 8 лет назад
+Crystallin Me too !
@anacorrea_g
@anacorrea_g 6 лет назад
same
@sonialopez1919
@sonialopez1919 6 лет назад
Lmao Im taking an exam too
@tconggai940
@tconggai940 6 лет назад
👌👌
@phoe8523
@phoe8523 11 месяцев назад
Gregor Mendel. One of the forgotten geniuses of mankind just rediscovered later on. His discoveries changed the world. He managed to figure out genetics long before someone understood what it actually was.
@xiaochaoyu2427
@xiaochaoyu2427 3 года назад
Q: Why did Mendel always oppose war? A: He thought we should give peas a chance. lmaooooo
@xiaochaoyu2427
@xiaochaoyu2427 3 года назад
ha ha lol
@miguelventura2190
@miguelventura2190 3 года назад
omg wow so random funny and quirky haha
@user-mx7mk3wq5b
@user-mx7mk3wq5b 3 года назад
WE ALL LIKE YOUR COMMENT UPVOTE UPVOTE, MAKE IT UPVOTE Спасибо за использование бота и хакерского сервиса Дмитрия. обновите до премиум, чтобы удалить этот водяной.
@user-nr6rj4ew3p
@user-nr6rj4ew3p 3 года назад
THER IS ONE IMPOSTER AMONG YOUR BIOLOGY CLASS THAT IS SENDING THESE COMMENTS. WHO DO YOU THINK THE IMPOSTER IS? Символ_U+1F914 Спасибо за использование бота и хакерского сервиса Дмитрия.
@user-lz7bq7du6t
@user-lz7bq7du6t 3 года назад
EXIST BE 1 IMP0STER AM0NG Y0UR BIOL0GT CLASS THAT IS SEND1NG THESE C0MM3NTS. WH0 D0 Y0U THINK THE IMP0STER IS? Символ_U+1F914 Спасибо за использование бота и хакерского сервиса Дмитрия.
@cacutusedits113
@cacutusedits113 5 месяцев назад
Animator was definitely having the day of his life! Keep up the great work!
@sharq7275
@sharq7275 3 месяца назад
what do you mean? no no no, he wasnt we was tired
@mirabshabbir5176
@mirabshabbir5176 3 года назад
Love the way you explained this! So informative yet so entertaining!
@CalvinDilbert
@CalvinDilbert 8 лет назад
Gregor Mendel was a hero. A genius. He was the father of genetics. We are standing on the shoulders of giants.
@mrjixk
@mrjixk 9 лет назад
Yay I can pass my bio quiz tomorrow now, thanks!
@pop22pop22
@pop22pop22 9 лет назад
Karmagician did you pass?
@sandrosixarulidze398
@sandrosixarulidze398 8 лет назад
+pop22pop22 it seems that not, he failed and was baned from pc for some time :D i don't think you can pass exam just by watching youtube, otherwise everybody would've been Einsteins and Teslas :D
@mrjixk
@mrjixk 8 лет назад
+pop22pop22 I C'd it but got this question right. I call it a pass.
@quieres8614
@quieres8614 5 лет назад
Sandro I think that my exam results say otherwise ;)
@BumanHeing
@BumanHeing 5 лет назад
Interesting fact: You know Gregor Mendel formulated the laws of inheritance namely law of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment and Charles Darwin studied the evolutionary patterns in species by natural selection aka 'survival of the fittest' but Darwin could not work out the mechanism....it is ironic that he could have done so if he could have seen the significance of the experiments of the Austrian contemporary Mendel...but then too mendel did not notice his!!
@gracie8558
@gracie8558 8 лет назад
My teacher made me watch this.
@emilysnodgrass8138
@emilysnodgrass8138 8 лет назад
same
@ecm2.02
@ecm2.02 7 лет назад
Trash C: same
@ZeldaMasterBoss
@ZeldaMasterBoss 7 лет назад
My teacher was the creator of it lol
@George7763
@George7763 7 лет назад
ZeldaMasterBoss great video but the person speaking was talking too fast.
@salmakamilah2563
@salmakamilah2563 6 лет назад
same
@lisejl
@lisejl 8 лет назад
im reviewing this for my test tmw and all i can think of is how adorable dancing peas are
@goresheetal8621
@goresheetal8621 4 года назад
Patt see head shot
@saram995
@saram995 8 лет назад
Such Cute animation ...
@rodrigoarroyo473
@rodrigoarroyo473 7 лет назад
And never got a reply
@xxjudixxyeet400
@xxjudixxyeet400 4 года назад
@@rodrigoarroyo473 still never got a reply
@user-hu6iw6lu8n
@user-hu6iw6lu8n 3 года назад
@@xxjudixxyeet400 still...
@laralepo1071
@laralepo1071 3 года назад
@@user-hu6iw6lu8n still
@yasminzakieh1343
@yasminzakieh1343 9 лет назад
Helped me so much understanding the lesson that is included in my final exam, the lesson that I tried so hard understanding but I never could! Thank you so much.
@Anaonfire
@Anaonfire 3 года назад
Much easier to understand than 20 pages of a textbook with big words. thank you!
@user-rv7ge1tc4l
@user-rv7ge1tc4l 7 лет назад
Dumb ways to die, so many dumb ways to die...
@brioche_bread
@brioche_bread 3 года назад
yea, the animations are so similar!
@nternetrat
@nternetrat 3 года назад
omg!
@JohnnyMontilla
@JohnnyMontilla Год назад
I learned about this in class!
@gracecuevas8461
@gracecuevas8461 4 года назад
Really wonderful. I am going to use it with my students as a review module!
@tanitat2069
@tanitat2069 9 лет назад
THIS WAS AN AMAZING VIDEO!! IT WAS SOOO CUTE AND EASY TO UNDERSTAND! NOW EVERY TIME I READ MY BORING TEXT BOOK I JUST IMAGINE THOSE CUTE LITTLE PEAS TO MAKE THE CONCEPT CLEARER!!
@tanitat2069
@tanitat2069 9 лет назад
OH AND THE NARRATION WAS EXCELLENT!!
@bassic4960
@bassic4960 6 лет назад
HEY CAN YOU CALM DOWN? *IM JUST 13 AND I MEMORIZED EVERYTHING ABOUT BIOLOGY* im lying :))))
@kookieswifeu6333
@kookieswifeu6333 6 лет назад
BΔSS LOVER _lol_
@giyus_only.wife123
@giyus_only.wife123 3 месяца назад
you just helped me understand a topic we were talking about in class and we had a test about it tomorrow
@ambreenfatima5258
@ambreenfatima5258 6 лет назад
Medel's experiment represented so adorably 😍
@zoe9146
@zoe9146 4 года назад
I hate my bio class that’s why I’m here
@vanessalnavarro
@vanessalnavarro 4 года назад
@STEVEN PROCTOR bio is for hs science is ms or younger lol.
@willrobertson1850
@willrobertson1850 3 года назад
Same bruh
@OliviaJohnsonthevelocifraptor
@OliviaJohnsonthevelocifraptor 9 лет назад
thanks! great video! but in my opinion i think she read a little too fast.... she should have slowed down a little more.
@cannyweng8684
@cannyweng8684 6 лет назад
There is one easy thing to do to solve your problem which is to make the video go at the speed of 0.75! That's all you need to do!
@mergawinabi2842
@mergawinabi2842 6 лет назад
Canny Weng his comment is 3 years old, They didn't have that kind of technology back then
@monishkakaushal6040
@monishkakaushal6040 4 года назад
I dont have it even by now😑😑😑
@uttkarshtewari2532
@uttkarshtewari2532 4 года назад
@@monishkakaushal6040 how not? are on an old version of the app?
@gbrval
@gbrval 4 года назад
@@mergawinabi2842 they did if they were on apple or pc youtube
@disneyfan4ever956
@disneyfan4ever956 9 лет назад
This is a great video!! Love the animation and how it was educational, yet fun to watch at the same time.
@ganjaalex6143
@ganjaalex6143 6 лет назад
I didn't understand this in 3 hrs when taught in the class. Got it in 3 mins when watching TED-ED's video. 👌
@Dastweeper
@Dastweeper 11 лет назад
Loved this TEDed. Good delivery, better animation. Lovely.
@cannyweng8684
@cannyweng8684 6 лет назад
Thanks for the video!! I think it really helps me a lot! And it really does because of the heterozygous pea! It was SO CUTE and HILAROUS!!
@muller9191
@muller9191 8 месяцев назад
Hello in my science class I really wish we could’ve learned it from this video because it would’ve made more sense having visuals instead of just like talking about it. I love the artwork whoever drew this is very good and it’s so cute!!
@just_a_saeu88
@just_a_saeu88 9 лет назад
man!! mendel and his peas!! so adorable!!!made prepping for my Bio exam a lot more fun lolz
@sammylee1895
@sammylee1895 8 лет назад
OMG this helped me so much on my Biology paper! Thanks for the help!!
@BumanHeing
@BumanHeing 5 лет назад
Sammy Lee...today was my science exam...glad I watched this in the morning
@charlene4688
@charlene4688 7 лет назад
Why did the mother go crazy at 1:40 ?! hahaha the peas are so cute and this video is so informative thanks :)
@TheKishxl2
@TheKishxl2 11 лет назад
I love when these fit right into what I'm learning at school.
@tarasalley7075
@tarasalley7075 5 лет назад
this is one of my favorite videos to use with my students!!
@sharonmatthews8193
@sharonmatthews8193 7 лет назад
Ms. Diaz, not only is your animation informative, it is very entertaining.
@irawinniewijaya2647
@irawinniewijaya2647 7 лет назад
the animation is so funny. seriously i died at 1:04 bc the mom seems to think that the dad cheat on her or something😂😂😂
@lasshapafford
@lasshapafford 6 лет назад
This video is so helpful that I had to watch this more than 10 times
@djtkdmaster1
@djtkdmaster1 10 лет назад
What a great video. Good job with the topic, The explanation and of course the animation was great. Thank you.
@anantthakur8102
@anantthakur8102 Год назад
hey @David Johns remember this video you watched about peas and genetics 8 years ago
@Btsarmy-ng1pl
@Btsarmy-ng1pl 5 лет назад
The animations never fail to entertain me!
@ananth1goku
@ananth1goku 11 лет назад
"Kiss=babies! Nice concept. Will be uploading this patch in the near future" -God.
@mxstila6220
@mxstila6220 3 года назад
How does this comment have no replies, it been 8 years
@bubble4770
@bubble4770 5 лет назад
best learning channel ever i was unable to understand this topic from my book,teacher and other videos on you tube by this video really helped
@hamoodi120
@hamoodi120 8 лет назад
thanks a lot tomorrow is my biology test wish me luck 🙌
@thestargazer9
@thestargazer9 8 лет назад
Hope u did well! Mines tomorrow 😁😁
@jopsthegamer1975
@jopsthegamer1975 7 лет назад
luck after 6 MONTH hahahahhahaha
@phyaunna1329
@phyaunna1329 7 лет назад
Hamad Almahri same✌
@wolfydogy2869
@wolfydogy2869 6 лет назад
good luck then
@xxxhottestofallxxx
@xxxhottestofallxxx 11 лет назад
You guys taugh this entire lesson of genetics better than my bio teacher. Thank you so much
@anantthakur8102
@anantthakur8102 Год назад
hey @Daya Lopez remember this video you watched about peas and genetics 9 years ago
@jasonbaek3185
@jasonbaek3185 4 года назад
Because of this video my teacher made us answer questions on genetics and I had a mental breakdown
@lizzetharaiza6289
@lizzetharaiza6289 6 лет назад
This is very educational and helpful i love it!😀
@andrewjustin256
@andrewjustin256 Год назад
1:38 That really cracked me up!! I wish every school, teacher and student make study appealing by cute, awkward yet rejoicing teaching and learning styles. Keep cracking up the world TED-ED!
@TahooraHashmi
@TahooraHashmi 8 лет назад
the peas reminded me of the cartoon Ostwald
@hztb9918
@hztb9918 8 лет назад
+Tahoora Hashmi OMG I JUST NOTICED!
@thebleachseller844
@thebleachseller844 5 лет назад
;)
@zulfattah3689
@zulfattah3689 7 лет назад
3 minutes of this is way more clearer than 3 lectures of mine haha
@mahaylahelliott4965
@mahaylahelliott4965 3 года назад
College student here this kept me engaged and learning haha, love the animation!
@alaaalhaddad2852
@alaaalhaddad2852 6 лет назад
Thank you now you guys helped me alot to prepare for my bio quiz tomorrow.
@aspen_equestrian610
@aspen_equestrian610 Год назад
my teacher showed us this and i decided not to take notes, thus forgetting everything, teachers, tell your students to take notes, because i understand nothing.
@camwoodstock
@camwoodstock 7 лет назад
TFW the peas only stayed together for the children...
@lay9040
@lay9040 3 года назад
@ my parents
@robotnc2085
@robotnc2085 3 года назад
@@lay9040 this comment section is deep
@lay9040
@lay9040 3 года назад
@@robotnc2085 fr lmao
@LOLEGACYnumah1
@LOLEGACYnumah1 11 лет назад
I needed to do homework on this. Instead of reading a wall of text, I can just watch this! Thanks Ted Ed!
@jazzyxox6563
@jazzyxox6563 8 лет назад
I love this so much! Laranja learnt a lot too! Thanks!
@siyumikumarasinghe2952
@siyumikumarasinghe2952 5 лет назад
Super explanation! Thank you!
@Agent0range
@Agent0range 3 года назад
Fun Fact: I am watching this after science class on my personal account, just cause I found it funny and couldn't stop laughing in science classes
@deleted4913
@deleted4913 3 года назад
Ikr 1:37 made me lose it lol
@pearloris403
@pearloris403 9 лет назад
I was considering using this in a lesson plan, but I agree with some of the other comments that it was read way too fast.
@TheRyanLamont
@TheRyanLamont 11 лет назад
Loved the animation of this informative clip :)
@MsSBVideos
@MsSBVideos 8 лет назад
Cute animation, nice work.
@candyapple5039
@candyapple5039 4 года назад
If your here for the answer (mine being multiple choice )go to these time point 0:44 0:56 1:19 1:49
@natiiayele4715
@natiiayele4715 Год назад
what is observation,hypothesis,prediction,analysis,and conclusion of mendel? please tell me i want it for now
@MlleJulliette
@MlleJulliette 6 лет назад
I love the animation! It's so adorable!
@LofiMarvelVibes
@LofiMarvelVibes 6 лет назад
Thanks! Now i understand it!
@jeremyrojas7631
@jeremyrojas7631 8 лет назад
We got to watch this in science class it was so cool
@amywang3890
@amywang3890 5 лет назад
so?
@Powers-cm7fz
@Powers-cm7fz 4 года назад
Amy Wang you sound like you are in 5th grade
@shristisharma2538
@shristisharma2538 8 лет назад
Thankyou for sharing this nice educational video. Love from Nepal
@emojevbeakpede1578
@emojevbeakpede1578 5 лет назад
OMG ! You talk REAL FAST, Rose ! CLEARLY, you know all this from front to back & back to front ! GOOD ON YER ! BEST REGARDS !
@Miss_Prowlheart
@Miss_Prowlheart 4 года назад
Thank you for this I learned more in 3 minutes from this video than in the hours of class last week
@fernandocowo1020
@fernandocowo1020 4 года назад
Why?
@Miss_Prowlheart
@Miss_Prowlheart 4 года назад
My teacher isn’t very good
@fncsvertical285
@fncsvertical285 3 года назад
Imagine being sent here in 2021 for a science class everyone else was sent her 9 months ago.
@matthew.parsons
@matthew.parsons 3 года назад
faxx
@noore.7816
@noore.7816 3 года назад
Lol yes I have a quiz hehe
@paultouma5464
@paultouma5464 10 лет назад
A compendium of recent theoretical results associated with using higher-order statistics in signal processing and system theory is provided, and the utility of applying higher-order statistics to practical problems is demonstrated. Most of the results are given for one-dimensional processes, but some extensions to vector processes and multichannel systems are discussed. The topics covered include cumulant-polyspectra formulas; impulse response formulas; autoregressive (AR) coefficients; relationships between second-order and higher-order statistics for linear systems; double C(q,k) formulas for extracting autoregressive moving average (ARMA) coefficients; bicepstral formulas; multichannel formulas; harmonic processes; estimates of cumulants; and applications to identification of various systems, including the identification of systems from just output measurements, identification of AR systems, identification of moving-average systems, and identification of ARMA systems
@jeremydoowage5095
@jeremydoowage5095 10 лет назад
A revolution (from the Latin revolutio, "a turn around") is a fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively short period of time. Aristotle described two types of political revolution: Complete change from one constitution to another Modification of an existing constitution.[1] Revolutions have occurred through human history and vary widely in terms of methods, duration, and motivating ideology. Their results include major changes in culture, economy, and socio-political institutions. Scholarly debates about what does and does not constitute a revolution center around several issues. Early studies of revolutions primarily analyzed events in European history from a psychological perspective, but more modern examinations include global events and incorporate perspectives from several social sciences, including sociology and political science. Several generations of scholarly thought on revolutions have generated many competing theories and contributed much to the current understanding of this complex phenomenon. Contents 1 Etymology 2 Types 3 Political and socioeconomic revolutions 4 See also 4.1 Lists of revolutions 5 Bibliography 6 References 7 External links Etymology Copernicus named his 1543 treatise on the movements of planets around the sun De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of Celestial Bodies) and this has come to be the model type of a scientific revolution. However, “revolution” is attested by at least 1450 in the sense of representing abrupt change in a social order.[2][3] Political usage of the term had been well established by 1688 in the description of the replacement of James II with William III. The process was termed "The Glorious Revolution".[4] Apparently the sense of social change and the geometric sense as in Surface of revolution developed in various European languages from Latin between the 14th and 17th centuries, the former developing as a metaphor from the latter. “Revolt” as an event designation appears after the process term and is given a related but distinct and later derivation. Types A Watt steam engine in Madrid. The development of the steam engine propelled the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the world. The steam engine was created to pump water from coal mines, enabling them to be deepened beyond groundwater levels. There are many different typologies of revolutions in social science and literature. For example, classical scholar Alexis de Tocqueville differentiated[5] between political revolutions, sudden and violent revolutions that seek not only to establish a new political system but to transform an entire society, and slow but sweeping transformations of the entire society that take several generations to bring about (e.g., religion). One of several different Marxist typologies divides revolutions into pre-capitalist, early bourgeois, bourgeois, bourgeois-democratic, early proletarian, and socialist revolutions.[6] Charles Tilly, a modern scholar of revolutions, differentiated[7] between a coup, a top-down seizure of power, a civil war, a revolt and a "great revolution" (revolutions that transform economic and social structures as well as political institutions, such as the French Revolution of 1789, Russian Revolution of 1917, or Islamic Revolution of Iran).[8] Other types of revolution, created for other typologies, include the social revolutions; proletarian or communist revolutions (inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism); failed or abortive revolutions (revolutions that fail to secure power after temporary victories or large-scale mobilization); or violent vs. nonviolent revolutions. The term revolution has also been used to denote great changes outside the political sphere. Such revolutions are usually recognized as having transformed in society, culture, philosophy and technology much more than political systems; they are often known as social revolutions.[9] Some can be global, while others are limited to single countries. One of the classic examples of the usage of the word revolution in such context is the Industrial Revolution, or the Commercial Revolution. Note that such revolutions also fit the "slow revolution" definition of Tocqueville.[10] Political and socioeconomic revolutions Perhaps most often, the word "revolution" is employed to denote a change in socio-political institutions.[11][12][13] Jeff Goodwin gives two definitions of a revolution. A broad one, where revolution is any and all instances in which a state or a political regime is overthrown and thereby transformed by a popular movement in an irregular, extraconstitutional and/or violent fashion and a narrow one, in which revolutions entail not only mass mobilization and regime change, but also more or less rapid and fundamental social, economic and/or cultural change, during or soon after the struggle for state power.[14] Jack Goldstone defines them as an effort to transform the political institutions and the justifications for political authority in society, accompanied by formal or informal mass mobilization and noninstitutionalized actions that undermine authorities.[15] The storming of the Bastille, 14 July 1789 during the French Revolution. George Washington, leader of the American Revolution. Vladimir Lenin, leader of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. Sun Yat-sen, leader of the Chinese Xinhai Revolution in 1911. Political and socioeconomic revolutions have been studied in many social sciences, particularly sociology, political sciences and history. Among the leading scholars in that area have been or are Crane Brinton, Charles Brockett, Farideh Farhi, John Foran, John Mason Hart, Samuel Huntington, Jack Goldstone, Jeff Goodwin, Ted Roberts Gurr, Fred Halliday, Chalmers Johnson, Tim McDaniel, Barrington Moore, Jeffery Paige, Vilfredo Pareto, Terence Ranger, Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy, Theda Skocpol, James Scott, Eric Selbin, Charles Tilly, Ellen Kay Trimberger, Carlos Vistas, John Walton, Timothy Wickham-Crowley and Eric Wolf.[16] Scholars of revolutions, like Jack Goldstone, differentiate four current 'generations' of scholarly research dealing with revolutions.[15] The scholars of the first generation such as Gustave Le Bon, Charles A. Ellwood or Pitirim Sorokin, were mainly descriptive in their approach, and their explanations of the phenomena of revolutions was usually related to social psychology, such as Le Bon's crowd psychology theory.[11] Second generation theorists sought to develop detailed theories of why and when revolutions arise, grounded in more complex social behavior theories. They can be divided into three major approaches: psychological, sociological and political.[11] The works of Ted Robert Gurr, Ivo K. Feierbrand, Rosalind L. Feierbrand, James A. Geschwender, David C. Schwartz and Denton E. Morrison fall into the first category. They followed theories of cognitive psychology and frustration-aggression theory and saw the cause of revolution in the state of mind of the masses, and while they varied in their approach as to what exactly caused the people to revolt (e.g. modernization, recession or discrimination), they agreed that the primary cause for revolution was the widespread frustration with socio-political situation.[11] The second group, composed of academics such as Chalmers Johnson, Neil Smelser, Bob Jessop, Mark Hart, Edward A. Tiryakian, Mark Hagopian, followed in the footsteps of Talcott Parsons and the structural-functionalist theory in sociology; they saw society as a system in equilibrium between various resources, demands and subsystems (political, cultural, etc.). As in the psychological school, they differed in their definitions of what causes disequilibrium, but agreed that it is a state of a severe disequilibrium that is responsible for revolutions.[11] Finally, the third group, which included writers such as Charles Tilly, Samuel P. Huntington, Peter Ammann and Arthur L. Stinchcombe followed the path of political sciences and looked at pluralist theory and interest group conflict theory. Those theories see events as outcomes of a power struggle between competing interest groups. In such a model, revolutions happen when two or more groups cannot come to terms within a normal decision making process traditional for a given political system, and simultaneously have enough resources to employ force in pursuing their goals.[11] The second generation theorists saw the development of the revolutions as a two-step process; first, some change results in the present situation being different from the past; second, the new situation creates an opportunity for a revolution to occur. In that situation, an event that in the past would not be sufficient to cause a revolution (e.g., a war, a riot, a bad harvest), now is sufficient; however, if authorities are aware of the danger, they can still prevent a revolution through reform or repression.[15] Many such early studies of revolutions tended to concentrate on four classic cases-famous and uncontroversial examples that fit virtually all definitions of revolutions, such as the Glorious Revolution (1688), the French Revolution (1789-1799), the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Chinese Revolution (also known as the Chinese Civil War) (1927-1949).[15] In his famous The Anatomy of Revolution, however, the eminent Harvard historian, Crane Brinton, focused on the English Civil War, the American Revolution, the French Revolution, and the Russian Revolution.[17] In time, scholars began to analyze hundreds of other events as revolutions (see list of revolutions and rebellions), and differences in definitions and approaches gave rise to new definitions and explanations. The theories of the second generation have been criticized for their limited geographical scope, difficulty in empirical verification, as well as that while they may explain some particular revolutions, they did not explain why revolutions did not occur in other societies in very similar situations.[15] The criticism of the second generation led to the rise of a third generation of theories, with writers such as Theda Skocpol, Barrington Moore, Jeffrey Paige and others expanding on the old Marxist class conflict approach, turning their attention to rural agrarian-state conflicts, state conflicts with autonomous elites and the impact of interstate economic and military competition on domestic political change. Particularly Skocpol's States and Social Revolutions became one of the most widely recognized works of the third generation; Skocpol defined revolution as "rapid, basic transformations of society's state and class structures...accompanied and in part carried through by class-based revolts from below", attributing revolutions to a conjunction of multiple conflicts involving state, elites and the lower classes.[15] The fall of the Berlin Wall and most of the events of the Autumn of Nations in Europe, 1989, were sudden and peaceful. From the late 1980s a new body of scholarly work began questioning the dominance of the third generation's theories. The old theories were also dealt a significant blow by new revolutionary events that could not be easily explain by them. The Iranian and Nicaraguan Revolutions of 1979, the 1986 People Power Revolution in the Philippines and the 1989 Autumn of Nations in Europe saw multi-class coalitions topple seemingly powerful regimes amidst popular demonstrations and mass strikes in nonviolent revolutions. Defining revolutions as mostly European violent state versus people and class struggles conflicts was no longer sufficient. The study of revolutions thus evolved in three directions, firstly, some researchers were applying previous or updated structuralist theories of revolutions to events beyond the previously analyzed, mostly European conflicts. Secondly, scholars called for greater attention to conscious agency in the form of ideology and culture in shaping revolutionary mobilization and objectives. Third, analysts of both revolutions and social movements realized that those phenomena have much in common, and a new 'fourth generation' literature on contentious politics has developed that attempts to combine insights from the study of social movements and revolutions in hopes of understanding both phenomena.[15] Revolutions have also been approached from anthropological perspectives. Drawing on Victor Turner’s writings on ritual and performance, Bjorn Thomassen[18] has argued that revolutions can be understood as “liminal” moments: Modern political revolutions very much resemble rituals and can therefore be studied within a process approach. This would imply not only a focus on political behaviour “from below”, but also to recognize moments where “high and low” are relativized, made irrelevant or subverted, and where the micro and macro levels fuse together in critical conjunctions. While revolutions encompass events ranging from the relatively peaceful revolutions that overthrew communist regimes to the violent Islamic revolution in Afghanistan, they exclude coups d'états, civil wars, revolts and rebellions that make no effort to transform institutions or the justification for authority (such as Józef Piłsudski's May Coup of 1926 or the American Civil War), as well as peaceful transitions to democracy through institutional arrangements such as plebiscites and free elections, as in Spain after the death of Francisco Franco.[15]
@TheBoyChur
@TheBoyChur 8 лет назад
jeremy doowage no
@ChristinaColgan
@ChristinaColgan 8 лет назад
My students really liked this video.
@julioabadjr9283
@julioabadjr9283 6 лет назад
Watch 1:25 to 1:45 you will definitely laugh 😂😂😂😂😂
@eunicerodrigues1500
@eunicerodrigues1500 3 года назад
When your Asian son wants to become artist instead of engineer
@redstonetrapper3878
@redstonetrapper3878 3 года назад
gets angry at the kid cause he looks weird then gets angry that dad even trys to stop her lmao
@audrinasalsabila9785
@audrinasalsabila9785 3 года назад
also 0:50 to 0:58 xD
@WontonSoap
@WontonSoap 7 лет назад
At 1:07 she looked like she didn't want the green one...
@stoopvital6280
@stoopvital6280 6 лет назад
RandomPerson lol
@trinitymilagro9155
@trinitymilagro9155 5 лет назад
This video was so helpful. Thank you
@sasikala5816
@sasikala5816 6 лет назад
it was so easy to understand and pretty to see those peas 😊😊
@stephengordon4566
@stephengordon4566 5 лет назад
You just managed to explain something to me that an entire chapter of science books hasn't been able to.
@stephenpramela
@stephenpramela 7 лет назад
commentary is too fast, if its just a presentation speed of the commentary is okay. If your intention is teaching I recommend to slow down the commentary.
@elisem4489
@elisem4489 4 года назад
there's a button on the youtube player to slow it down if you really want lol
@goresheetal8621
@goresheetal8621 4 года назад
Mad
@dynamicyt6504
@dynamicyt6504 3 года назад
Can anynody please tell me that how can 2 pea plants reproduce?? Like how Gregor combined the 2 seeds & formed the 3rd seed??!!🙏
@ravenn8600
@ravenn8600 2 года назад
plants have male and female flowers, by taking the pollen of the male flower on the female flower its inseminated
@rajwantvirk8860
@rajwantvirk8860 6 лет назад
Yeah its amazing nd vry easy to understand such a typical concept👍👍👍👍
@SharlzG
@SharlzG 11 лет назад
This took me back to studying this in high school. In our class test, we had to say who the father of genetics was - one guy couldn't remember his full name so he called him Wendel Mendel LoL but I've never forgotten that Mendel was the father of genetics so I guess I should thank him :)
@lanaphinebrown7257
@lanaphinebrown7257 3 года назад
that poor old granny .... did you even ask if shes got motion sickness before you shook her up?
@rei988
@rei988 4 года назад
what are the two possible genotypes of homozygous pea for the color experiment?
@mariemac5347
@mariemac5347 5 лет назад
This is really helped me with my revision for my exam tomorrow, thanks
@zander5467
@zander5467 7 лет назад
I died at 1:40 Ahahahaahahahahahahaha
@shakqazi
@shakqazi 7 лет назад
me too
@MoniQue1995sco
@MoniQue1995sco 5 лет назад
same xD
@AbhishekSahu-vb1hu
@AbhishekSahu-vb1hu 5 лет назад
🤣🤣🤣🤣
@BumanHeing
@BumanHeing 5 лет назад
Even peas get mad at mad people....
@katrishaboom9438
@katrishaboom9438 3 года назад
2:16 Sweet home Alabama...
@kitty_12368
@kitty_12368 2 года назад
the editor of this video receives a raise btw I love how they made both peas kiss before offspring born :)
@2killnspray9
@2killnspray9 7 лет назад
I have a question, we say that the blood type "o" is recessive, does this mean it will disappear one day or does this mean that there could be a "carrier" of the blood type "o" ? And is this the same for redhaired people, blue eyed people etc ... ?
@amywang3890
@amywang3890 5 лет назад
Yes.
@farhanabegum4707
@farhanabegum4707 3 месяца назад
Who is here for school?
@kurdt444
@kurdt444 27 дней назад
Έλληνας είσαι?
@mintyIm
@mintyIm Месяц назад
anyone here for bio class
@vikuserro
@vikuserro 11 лет назад
Even if it is a common knowledge, I still like to watch TED videos, because they are all well made ^^.
@huzaifaabedeen7119
@huzaifaabedeen7119 Год назад
OMG 9 yes old means 2013
@billo6299
@billo6299 9 лет назад
Great video!! Helped me much 😊😊😊
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