How much quality is on a master tape? 

I like “frequency responsibility “

This makes no sense to me. If I put a quart of water into a gallon jug or a five gallon bucket I still only have a quart of water. I reject the notion that CDs “sound digital “. The vast majority of commercial CDs sound like crap is because they are engineered to sound “good” on your Emerson under the kitchen cabinet CD player not on an audiophile system. Well engineered CDs are always superior to analog because they have more frequency response, wider dynamic range, superior signal to noise, on and on. It’s not the format but how it’s used.

This video above all the others has impressed me the most. I would love to hear more about your pursuit for audio quality and the crossroad where you met Neil Young’s pursuit for preserving audio integrity. I suspect that story would be far more interesting.

I was quite stunned by the Cd quality of the Ella Fitzgerald & Louis Armstrong recording of Porgy & Bess. As I’ve toured Hi Rez via HD Tracks and Qobuz, I’m leaning to the idea that the sound quality once mastered is far more important than the distribution format. Except 8 track tape. Nobody could fix 8 track. The CD ruined the chances of VHS Hi Fi tape being the demon that deeply wounded the vinyl record.

Might I add? TAPE has most always been the 'voice' of vinyl records. In the pure analog world, tape is STILL the king of frequency response and dynamic range. Now Paul is telling us here that studio 'toys' can 'expand' upon them. It would NOT be original for sure, but I get it. There are companies that take great pride in producing NEW PRE-recorded tapes from oridingal masters and are available. They ARE expensive and so are the tape machines to pley them, but oh the sound (O: Back to Paul's subject here.....One company of note that has been doing this with GREAT success is High Definition Tape Transfers. They take old, commercial, PRE-recorded tapes like I have in my tape library, and make WONDERFUL digital recordings. They have even made transfers from VINYL with great results as well. I have two in particular from Paul Klipschs' 1954-56 STEREO Jazz and Orchestral recordings that he recorded himself. HDTT did a wonderful job on these. Discs can be put in most any format to order. I went with DVD-A I am 68 and it is so amazing to hear something that was recorded when I was only 3 years of age, and can sound SO good ! Has Paul G. ever heard these?.......probably not. But I highly recommend them. I don't know of anyone that was recording jazz or symphony orchestra/organ in TRUE stereo back in those years. John Eargle got his start working with PWKon that project back in those years, and I don't have to tell you about the late, great Mr. Eargle (O:

Paul is wrong here: CD does NOT have higher frequency response than that of a 2-track professional tape. My 1/4 inch 2 track machine running at 15 IPS, using a modern ATR tape, has a FR of (+/-3db) of 20hz-39Khz (nearly TWICE that of a standard CD). Sony TC-882-2 r2r deck is well-known to have a FR of 20hz-45+Khz. The 1/2 inch tapes running at the same speed are even better. I have personally seen test reports in the 20hz-60+Khz range).

So the 35MM magnetic tape masters are heads above contemporary tape formats of the 60s and should be digitized if they are not. The vinyl pressings from those tapes have amazing sound, if you really want to hear analog compete with CD.

Some people just don't know what to listen for. Its sort of like how they say once you see it, you can't unsee it. A friend had the Pink Floyd Pulse DVD and I have the Laserdisc. The laserdisc has a much softer image BUT the dvd has a lot of pixelation with all the crazy lighting. He never saw it until I pointed it out to him. Said he couldn't watch it after that because that's all he sees. Recently the BR came out. Still an SD image but much higher bitrate, but with a terrible re-edit.

Nothing beats analog folks! When you listen to a very high end turntable and phono stage, you’ll understand.

If you want warmth, full vocals, mid bass, detailed treble Analog is best. Yes there are imperfections but it's natural sound the way it was recorded, Digital is too clean, I notice vocals are weak with CD's.. It's all about compressed compact portability imo.

Love Paul’s smile at the end of each video.

Nowadays data is cheap and great analog mastered music should be re-mastered with utmost care in preserving the original sound using best possible quality of digital resolution. It's a crime, in my opinion, when some great analog master gets damaged by a mastering process ending up with compression and a low resolution digital version that often can't even beat the vinyl version. Especially music from the 70s often sound better on an old vinyl record than a CD version of the same track and that's not because vinyl is a better format.

1/2" 2-track running at 15ips or faster can absolutely capture frequencies higher than 22.05kHz. Signal-to-noise ratio will probably only net you up to about the equivalent of 13 bits of available dynamic range, though.

thank you for this video!

What a fantastic console!

Threre is also the question of how much of a “floor” the background noise in a system presents to our perception. You might have noise in tapes and pre-amps but can we still hear sounds through the noise floor, can’t we? If you can hear the noise as a soft hiss, can you hear music played at the same level on a system (say it’s purely digital and,as an experiment and you’re injecting noise) without the noise? If you mix both noise and music at that level, do you still hear the music? So is dynamic range as measured from a noise flow to some max level really a good measure of what we perceive when listening to analogue sources? Is it just a good measure for engineering calculations?

Any idea as to whatever happened to Roberta Flack's Direct to disk album back around 77 that had all of the hiss on it?

For a mixdown ready to be mastered, absolutely go for higher sampling rate and absolutely bit rate. For a finished master, 44.1 kHz is plenty, 16 bit works too unless you're listening at jet engine levels or classical music where only one note briefly hits peak level and everything else is rather close to the noise floor. Kinda wish red book standard used floating point instead of integer.

I am curious if any 33 or 45 lp has been recorded in studio directly from a live presentation - without audio processing and without using master tapes. Only mics and electronic amplification, like in the 30s. Curious how much better it would sound compared to a master tape.

Paul you are a genius, you just explained why analog can sound better than digital,when in fact it shouldnt ,, because the mastering engineers muck it up and try to remove the tape hiss, and when they remove the tape hiss guess what else goes with it,,,,,lol,,,, i wish the digiphobes would watch this,,, In a perfect world the closer you are to the master the better the sound,,,,, except when.....well you know,,,, great video paul!!!!!

Damn, I SO want to come up to Colorado when all of this Covid BS is finally over, and visit your factory and studio, and talk audio stuff with you for a few hours or an afternoon sometime, Paul! You make some really good and informative videos that everyone interested in audio, especially higher end audio, can relate to, which is awesome to see, but I would love to get even MORE technical with you and Chris, your speaker guy, about a few topics!

Maybey the reason a voice recorded at a seemingly ample 44.1/16bit compared to that same voice being recorded at super high, far higher bit'rate/sampling rate (I only know analog numbers) ... sounds better because the wider-spectrum audio recording are capturing far higher harmonics (above the brick wall filter above of 20.5 KHz from the lowly 44.1/16) and those normally (& incapabll? )unheard frequencies recordings are adding an aural reality to their source frequencies withing our normal hearing range. Like, an oboe only sounds different to a clarinet because of harmonics alone. Harmonics well above our hearing range may be adding more 'aural reality' to sounds we hear within our range ...In ways not fully understood but i have my ideas, no, wonderings about neural pathways to brain receptors from our seemingly frequency limited ears ...but hey! I'm just interested in apoarent conundrums in human awareness & if my theory is wrong ...maybe this audio recording conundrum isn't plain-sailing from what I've read on psychaccoustics & generally related biology ..I.e. very little

Interesting. What causes digital glare? (when you turn analog into digital 4:05)

Oh, wow! I'm a big Neil Young fan and it's extremely cool you have the mixing desk he used to use!

Question: Whats the Importance of proper Grounding/earthing in a recording setting. How does different grounding effect the quality of recording or sound. ? Thanks Heaps from New Zealand

Why are you covering the ATC speakers bass port?

This topic need more explaining Paul...if you could be so kind? I have heard some remastering that expanding the frequency range and cleaning up the audio a bit...and for the most part I would say it can be a nice improvement if done well. I would like to know more about oversampling, because tape recordings have way more than digital from what I hear, so it seems that you do lose something when doing these improvements too?

My understanding is that DSD is retaining more of the harmonics above the fundamental frequencies that you are attempting to reproduce. The "analogous reference" to more analog is similar to comparing PWM to discrete sampling. Time is a linear component along with the one bit energy encoding over time.

Hi-Res is just a marketing, I have so many albums on CD produced in 1970-1992 on pure analog equipment , today you can not find so good digitaly recorded albums. In the past people was smart to, the recording industry was not started nor in digital or in hi-res but in analog, analog sound is so much better than any digital format today, proof: why we do not dispute over video formats, DVD was better than VHS, we all know and see that, why so many of us do not like digital audio, but like digital video, simple answer, ditial video is far more better and you can see this very clear // VHS-DVD-BluRay-4K//, when is about audio Im not shure, I can not find any CD-SACD of Dire Straits with better sound of my LP-s of D.S. printed in pure analog age // master tape to vinyl//. Regards to mr.Paul, great video as always.

What I wonder is if people's physiology of their bodily hearing mechanisms vary with genetic code, and wear and tear on our hearing systems with age (exposure to noises), how can we be sure that two people hear the same sound the same way? If bodily hearing systems are like speaker boxes, then the "same" noise could sound very different from person to person, simply because of DNA differences in hearing mechanisms, and limitations that happen in hearing because of aging and the resulting wear and tear on our individual body's hearing system.

And I have a Sony SACD player.... I still have a couple CD's that were original. What I mean by that is they were some of the first CD's that came out and they were taken off of analog recordings. man you can hear some stuff. Like mics turning off and on, instruments coming in and out. IMHO there was a reason a lot of bands didnt release their stuff on CD until it was "remastered".

Beautiful mixing desk. Is that a Neve, by any chance?

That's the kind of explanations that get Mark Waldrep fuming

Making a high definition transfer from old analogue tape makes perfect sense. It simply ensures that everything on that tape is captured. Working at 44.1/16 bit CD specification does not necessarily do this (if you don't believe me look at some spectral analysis of 44.1/16 vs 96/24 captures and there is information in the HD capture missing from the 44.1/16). Whether you can hear the difference or not is another matter but I feel it is important to capture and preserve everything on this 'old' material regardless. Personally I would prefer everything captured to DSD not PCM in this context for the reasons Paul mentions. Regarding why DSD can sound better well a simple explanation is that DSD and PCM capture the incoming analogue signal in different ways. PCM capture is a digital process 100%, no argument. DSD as I have pointed out repeatedly is not, it does not store the audio in the form of fixed digital values but as a mirror of the incoming signal that I would argue is analogue hence the advantage.

"Above all else do no harm"... That axiom, in addition to applying to medicine, should apply to archival mastering etc. of any/all material. In other words, in no way should the 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘤𝘦𝘴𝘴 apply any less than transparent layer, or alteration from the original. High Fidelity, faithfulness to the original.

I think what the guy was asking whats the equivalent amount of bits on analog, i heard it was (13 bits) with 15 or 30 ips with the best Dolby s reduction .

The obvious question is .... where has the original copy come from? An analog magnetic tape, if it still exists. May be 40+ years old and severely degraded with age. Or is it an early digital copy of the tape when it was still playable? Either way, copying to a so called hi-res format cannot magically recover detail lost in the original recording.

Does the original master tape sound better than DSD conversion? Or do they remaster/clean-up the DSD in attempt to improve the sound. If the goal is to reproduce the master tape as closely as possible then a DSD high bitrate conversion is why they do it. That is the answer to the guys question.

The late Tim de Paravicini would have argued that CD could outperform analog tape! His modified machines were incredible.

Hi, you can tell us about expanders, filters, enhancers, maximizers. Some of us know about that 😊

LOVE those ATCs

I have been getting very good performance with analog magnetic tape using my new Analog Digital Modulator (ADM) technology, whereby keeping the analog information and processing in a digital environment like a FPGA. With these experiments I been recording up to 80 dB of dynamic range on a standard TDK SA type II cassette tapes, with frequency response up to 18 kHz and still making improvements with this technology. As I stated before I am happy to talk you (Paul) about this technology as it can be used for amplification, signal processing and magnetic recording systems. Magnetic recording technology has not stop developing it has just slowed down since the 1990's, when made the change to digital and there are new ways to work within the limitations of compact cassette format for example. The other comment I was going to say is video recorders have bandwidths that go all the way up to the MHz range and therefore you can record a digital signals directly, as I have done experiments in the past with VCR's and the digital audio via the video input. So dose not take much to convert an old VHS to become a digital audio recorder and if you have a HiFi VCR you can record analog as it already has two FM audio tracks available.

How does a DSD SACD sound more "analog" than a PCM. I really wish you could try and explain in a technical way what you mean.

Most important, hi res digital doesn't degrade like tape does so don't have to be as careful storing it, plus it's easier to copy isn't it?

Well, I have several versions of Kind of Blue, and a few months ago I got a copy of the 24/192 remaster made (I think) in 2013. It's made from original tapes recorded in 1959. I've no idea why, technically - whether it's the higher resolution, whether it's just special care taken by engineer Mark Wilder, or what - but it's easily the best version I've heard.

Just a few years ago you thought DSD was a terrible idea. What turned your thinking?

Look after your hearing, wear ear plugs when you are at a noisy gym etc.

Nice ATC speakers n the background.

To get an essentially transparent copy of a master tape. I'd rather hear the hiss, spices and leaders than have them taken out to make the tape "better."

Well, real pro tape at 15 or 30 ips is astounding. The Signal to noise ratio can easily approach 80 dB without processing. Add DBx 150 and 100 dB Snr is achievable. Yes, the engineers used to drive tape hard -well above 0vu to achieve not only high sir, but the after effects of tape saturation. Real studio grade tape is exceptional, and can surpass 20 kHz bandwidth. The digital formats, when utilized properly can achieve similar performance. The game is won or lost at the source- high quality Mics, low noise Mics and exceptional engineering. Many folks have moved to digital formats simply due to the reduction in outboard gear required to produce a top notch song. The analog outboard gear brought a lot of secondary effects that cannot be attributable to tape. It took real creativity to properly utilize 24 analog tracks. Today, having 200+ digital tracks is easy to create, but a nightmare to mix.

when i saw the title i had to chuckle a bit.program material aside;-)....how good is the tape's condition and the quality of what it was recorded on and played back with? then...i clicked play. hi paul. hope the day treats all of you folks well in the face of the current insanity. =dok=

Nice Paul. I want to transfer my records to digital and I have my eye on your nu wave. Technically, I want to improve quality of analogue, not get that digital glare. Good point you make is that one wants to hear it real. For this, I want to be in a studio to feel the real thing

I am a firm adherent to the axiom that the soul of music is in the midrange. Sure, an analog tape recording has limited dynamic range between the noise floor and tape saturation and the frequency response rolls off at the top and bottom. But the roll off on a good recorder happens gracefully, not a 'brick wall'. And the sweet spot in the midrange of a skillfully made analog recording sounds just so, for lack of a better word, right. When the center holds, the limitations at the extremes become of minor importance. First and foremost, get the middle right. The soul is there for the ear to hear. Ditto for a quality phonograph record. By the way, I have the SACD of "Kind of Blue" and it's wonderful. Also a recent pressing of the the LP (which I purchased at the same time as the LP of "Blue" by Joni Mitchell, it was the proper thing to do). Which is better? I am not interested in nitpicking inconsequential differences when the music is this great. Call it a split decision, if you must, Further affiant sayeth naught.

"Lucky to get 15kHz..."? That's very curious. Apparently we're back to confusing audiophile consumer engineering with pro. The mastering machines I was working with back in the day (MCI JH-110B's, half-track--never had a 4-channel machine--running at 15 ips NAB) were individually spec'd units with a nominal minimum of 30 - 24,000 Hz. + 0.75 dB / -2 dB. I could record a perfect square wave at 20 kHz with no strains or trouble at all.

Remember the concept of "professional headroom" which was supposedly commonplace during the 1950s, the 1960s and the 1970s recording studio work which apparently seem to vanish in the 1980s during the so-called digital recording revolution?🤔

Back in the early 1980s, I worked for PolyGram in Canada, Every now and then, I would take ownership of a "metal mother" from which "son" stampers were made to produce "daughters" which are the vinyl records that are played. The first was Wagner's 'Siegfried' from 'The Ring Cycle.' The "mother" was a 14" disk and my Garrard 301 with a J.A. Mitchell unipivot tonearm had sufficient clearance to play the oversized disks. I was dazzled by how dynamic the "mother" sounded, and also, a bit surprised to discover that the vinyl record that had been made from the "mother" didn't sound nearly as good. Now, PolyGram didn't press records. It used CBS, Quality Records, and Cinram, depending on the 'prestige' of the record. Since the 'Siegfried' "mother" was for DG, it's a safe bet that the records were pressed by CBS. Since PolyGram didn't press records, it maintained a quality control department, and it was there that I found out why the "mother" sounded so much better than the final product. That "mother," indeed its precursor "father" and "grandmother" were produced from a master tape in a way to be 'hotter' than the master tape, with the aim that the vinyl record that you would play would be quite faithful to the production master tape. In the same way, the Redbook CD should sound quite similar to a vinyl record played back on a first tier audio system. No special considerations were required between a master recording and the CD. There aren't any losses along the way. This was not true of the final vinyl record which had many 'parent' pressings.

My guess would be, 'it depends on the recording'? Typically, varies from a lot to little.

"PCM is a lot more digital, where DSD is far more 'analog'" What on earth does this mean?

Most average adults cannot hear above 16kHz, so there's really no need fir ceilings as high as 30kHz. Many of speakers and amplifiers say they can produce these super high (dog range) frequencies, but I challenge anyone over 40 to see if they can actually hear even just 20kHz. Even my youngest child (age 13) could not hear above 17kHz. I understand extending the upper frequency range is supposed to add that "sparkle" but in reality, we can't hear it. Now, I can hear the differences in amplifiers but only because I do literally back to back testing... So, 41kHz at 16-bit is still a very good sounding format. Anymore and only machines can hear the change.

Correct

I know its not to the questions real point, but to me the greatest thing that is happening now is those old recordings getting pressed on great quality vinyl. Some of the vinyl they were originally on was just crap quality and finding a pristine copy can be difficult. So kudos to all the great companies releasing some real gems.

This is why I love MFSL so much. Their SACD’s are great!!!

When I was 12 we got our first CD Player. I was so excited and was all about new digital technology. However I noticed these CD's sounded awful compared to my records. For instance, on the record sax's absolutely pop out and sound incredible (if recorded properly), while on the cd versions it seemed to loose a lot of life and just sounded dull. Again this was when I was 12 and looking forward to digital back in 92 and I was extremely let down. I found if it was recorded digitally it sounds good digital and aweful on a newer vinyl record, if it was recorded analog it sounds like garbage digitally but great on a record.

Jeez, you ask the audio guru and he says "I dunno". Come onnnn.... you gotta find out and get back to us.

Paul is the Neil de Grasse Tyson of Audio. Always learn some with the master (pun intended).

15 ips tapes will sound the best because you’re the closest to the master recording. It’s the purest you’re going to get. Unfortunately most people can’t afford tapes as each album costs around $450 and the good players today are between $10k - $20k

FR and DR are only 2 aspects of sound that are easily measured. Most people's ears are equally as limited in FR as a professional tape machine. 50dB of DR is very difficult to live with in a home environment. You would be constantly riding the level to hear the quiet parts over ambient noise and not get blasted by the loud parts. Most commercial recordings are compressed, limited or gain ridden to keep the dynamic range within 20dB or so for practical listening. So, one has to ask themselves, are these attributes of primary importance? The errors or artifacts of analog audio are largely additive. Hiss, hum and so forth. Just as with people in an audience talking, the brain is adept at filtering out or ignoring unwanted signals. The errors of digital are subtractive. Data between the clock pulses is missing. The system attempts to artificially reconstruct it from the available data which is basically an interpolation of what came before and what is next. With no idea if there was anything else in there. High resolution, high clock rate transfers can do a better job of capturing whatever was actually on the master tape. One of the great fallacies in audio is the concept of FR as it pertains to the human ear's ability to detect simple sine wave tones. Almost no musical instruments produce a sine wave. Using Kind of Blue as an example, a trumpet is essentially a narrow pulse square wave. Sound is generated by bursts of air traveling though tubes, the resonant length of which are only part of determining the frequency. The frequency of the bursts of air in the mouthpiece is also altered by the player. The saxophone is essentially a square wave as the reed opens and closes. FFR of such waveforms contains frequencies well beyond the basic human ear's range of pure sine tones. One of the reasons they are so hard to reproduce realistically. Good professional tape machines may have a measurable rolloff but they have useable bandwidth far beyond the brickwall anti aliasing filters of digital equipment. The very same machines and technology were used for scientific instrumentation besides audio recording. There is audio information on those master tapes that gets lost in 14bit/44kHz transferring that is essential to the sound of the recordings.

Not a Tandberg TD20A SE. at 15 IPS 28Khz.

I'm with Paul on this one. Comparing formats on a SOTA DAC that does all of them equally well, the differences in resolution are overrated. Basically one wants to be able to hear all right down to the total system noise floor. A well-mastered CD would do (more so than a dynamically compressed, "remastered for iTunes" high-resolution format). Except the tonality isn't the same. Same as Paul, DSD does sound more pleasing to me, although I cannot hear more resolution, nor in fact would I be able to list HiFi criteria why I prefer the one over the other. I might even hesitate to judge formats in qualitative terms, claiming one to be "better" than the other(s). It's not a specific aspect, and among those, certainly not resolution (I hear less, not more resolution in DSD than DXD, for example). Seems we're still speculating about the reason(s) why the one is easier on the ear, especially for long-term listening, surely certain formats with higher sampling rates allow for more benign filtering (or, in the case of DXD, less filtering as there's e.g. no aliasing filter required). Maybe we'll one day understand the reasons better. Until then, and even beyond, I'll keep enjoying what I like, regardless of what the naysayers and nerds (who are really a lazy bunch of tech-minded people with a severe lack of scientific curiosity) are saying…

Seems like every time I hear about such comparisons, people know what the sources are that they are comparing. I would like see comparison where the listener has no idea what the sources are that they are listening to. I do think that there is mental expectation that is at play here. So, someone listens over the same amp and speakers to 3 different 'sources' of the same song. A 256 MP3, a standard 44.1 wav and a hi res wav in random order and the listener doesn't know which is playing. Will someone be able to pick them out?

16bit/44.1kHz is the dark ages.

The big question is this: When will Octave Records release a brutal death metal album?

I... man I get so lost in this stuff. I feel left behind.

I still make mixed music tapes from my cd's or sacd's on my ReVox B77. Does it sound as detailed or dynamic ? No way . But it sounds for me more pleasing , more musical . And listening to it is less tiresome than a cd . Maybe one should wonder why our ears where not made to hear over 20Khz , and guess most on this channel only around 16-17kHz.

kind of blue is an album

In Latin America, this would be known as a “Cantiflesque” answer (named after the famous Mexican comedian Cantinflas routines: lots of words, no content) Anyway Paul, nice try! 👏🏼👏🏼👏🏼

i think that was a confusing statement. 44.1khz sample rate will only get you 22khz at the high end, 48khz(I prefer 96khz) sample rate will only get you to 24khz at the high end...but 30 IPS 3M 2" tape (usually 24 track) is supposedly capable of 25khz transient data (and everything IS transient data at that frequency to the human ear...most of which can only hear up to 18khz after age 50 if we're lucky). A big part of the reason we like higher studio sampling rates is that we capture everything from the source thru to the eventual master tape....after which it can be put into the lower rate (16bit/44.1) for CD manufacturing...as most of the paying public doesn't really care about the quality. I love audiophile level gear but gave up wanting to be one in my late 20's and moved in the direction of studio gear. Love the gear and drooling over the specs and feeling superior and all that stuff but preferred having cash in pocket and being able to eat, have a home, no debt, and have dates. Although I personally love all Studer gear and that mixer you have is lovely, I would not classify it as world class. Not to mention you could pick up one of those for about 30k or even 12k for a 10-16 channel model(they are modular and were sold to your specs). Even the cheapest Neve board would be it's equal. SSL/Neve/Focusrite consoles would be significantly better just to name a few. Again, i have much love for the studer product...it's at least 2-3 levels above my soundcraft board and a worthy tool. The fact that the stones owned it means nothing...and neil young owning it only means a little bit more. If you told me that Yo Yo Ma owned it and tracked with it I might be a tiny bit impressed. If you owned a pair of Neil's headphones I think the audiophiles(or wannabes) would just gush over that no end. I don't know why fanboys exist in this way...I"m not impressed with the man...just what he actually does with the tool. I did a bit of research and cannot find the right one but you had mentioned in a prior video that you could not remember Giorgio's mixing console back in the day. Well, I can't find it either but I did find that Musicland used a Harrison Mixbus 4832 during the period of 81-90 at least. that was when they did bowie/queen/maiden & many other huge recordings. Great board but these days they also do software...and a version of that mixbus 32c and it's eq channel at that. something you're audience might look into. legendary for mixdown. Lastly, I realize that people like me might not be the audience you're aiming at...and that's fine...but most of your vids talking about this board seem to be talking down to audiophiles. I would like to think that such audio-learned people would be capable of and perhaps have already done research beyond the topics you've covered about studio mixing. I'm hoping you get your new facility up and running but would also think you might consider having done some comparison data gathering against studio grade interfaces...not just listening but also using a scope and taking measurements of information at the different sample rates. still subscribed, still listening....still hoping to hear some material made from that board. at the end of the day i still love high end gear but, aside from enjoying quality audio, at the end of the day....it's in the way that you use it. you've got access to a great toy and hopefully time enough to work with it. looking forward to the output of it. and get some good mics, eh? else there's not much point to it. recommend the manley ref mics or maybe the Se Neve mic, any good U47 clone, Royer ribbon mics, vintage AKG C414 or even some of the older Shure mics. There's a bunch of great stuff out there but avoid the sub $800 market. (also a lower grade pair of flat studio monitors)

A human being hears sound with his/her entire body...not just with ears. Until someone can come up with some kind of a measurement for how the body experiences sound and how the body might experience analog and digital sound differently, we'll never have an answer to this question or any question regarding analog vs. digital. All I know is that there IS a difference and that our current understanding of sound is inadequate to explain it.

What is funny, and simple, and only recently hit me: Most people who are anti HiFI or HD Audio, are people who have never experienced it, at least not properly. As an analogy: How much will SD and HD differ if you are watching through an old CRT TV? People download a FLAC file for the first time to listen to it on their crappy speakers or headphones.... of course they'll never hear a difference. And even with good headphones, if they are "SD" headphones, then although you should still be able to hear some difference, it wouldn't be as clear and obvious as with HD Headphones.

all of it

All of it that's left.

I thought analogue didn’t have “bit rates” because there’s no bits

How much Ice-cream is on a cone !!! - So SADC

Overall 96KHz/24bit is the best (low latency,,more detail sound,,most compatible)

I have over 250 mastter tapes 1/2 track. They are far far better than any CD or streaming. 4track tapes arent great, but 2 tracks are. They definitely have higher bandwitdh than a CD. Only 4x DSD compares.

@starlightgrecording559 Hi Paul McGowan*** This Is Gerard Stroh!!! I Have An Old Ampex AG440 Tape Machine Master Recorder and It Handles 1/2 inch Tape and it is A 4 Track Machine Made in 1967*** The Hi-End Goes Up to 19Khz and The Bass Response is Around 20Hz and It is All Class A Electronics!!! My Teac A3440 4 Track Reel to Reel 4 Trachk Tape Machine Goes From 25Hz to 23Khz and Thats on A 1/4 inch Tape and Both Tape Machines Running at 15ips Tape Speed and The Ampex Sounds Beefier and Phatter Sounding and It Has 3 Big Motors are Grinder Size and it is A Heater When it Runs*** Bye From Gerard Stroh!!!

It depends on how s been recorded.!

The medias have different tradeoffs and limitations.

If both formats are _accurate,_ reproduction of the same source sound equivalent. If not, you are hearing differences in analogue parts in the chain between the original and the speaker or DAC charactersistics. It has nothing to do with _the format itself._ If something sounds "analogue" it probably means "beatiful sounding inaccuracies".

The answer is marketing. Audiofools throw money at everything that has High-Res stamped on it, even if it doesn't have any additional audible information on it.

Buy a recorder and some good mics and make your own master tape for reference, if you can get a decent recording setup and material.

The matter of bandwidth is a bit of a red herring. Variations in amplitude are more significant in music than frequency range so the greater accuracy you can capture those the more accurate a digital mastering of an analogue source will be, regardless of the bandwidth of the original recording. That's why bit rate is as important as sampling frequency. Referencing something like Kind of Blue (a pretty average recording technically) is also limiting the field of discussion. It might be better to talk about analogue recordings done at 30 ips, or 24 track analogue multitracks done on 2 inch tape a 30 ips. You want a damn good digital recording medium to capture those recordings accurately. That's not to be critical of your response Paul - as you say, it's a complex topic. PS Though, I don't think DSD sounds necessarily more analogue than high sample rate, high bitcount PCM.

4:09 "digital sound... glare" The heck are you talking about? Digital captures what's THERE - nothing more and nothing less.

With all due respect it's misleading to say analog tape is limited to 15-16k. Professional and even high end consumer tape machines can easily reproduce frequencies above 20k, therefore it's definately beneficial to capture them at high definition.

do a blind test

Okay you're starting to lose me now. You often mention how things "sound different". If you can, in blind listening tests, hear a difference between 16/44.1 and 24/192 of the same source analog audio tape, I'll believe you.

Double blind tests proves that’s a load of BS. The digital medium would be able to capture the ‘analog tape sound’ of a tape master and then what would be missing?

Sorry in advance. Don't mess with it!! Is the 'difference' you talk about a 'musical' difference'? Data is data, ears and emotions are more valid and this was music that set the world alight in analogue form. Better sounding could mean more detail, more bandwidth, but this isn't always good and remember it was 'mixed' in analogue. Also, if preserving for posterity, doesn't data corrupt? And why preserve a beautiful analog recording in digital if it sounds 'right' in analogue?

This is mostly a placebo affect. I listen to Pink Floyd's Piper at the Gates of Dawn on CD and I think there is something wrong, I take out my first pressing on LP and play it and it sounds great. I then play them back to back and they sound virtually the same. My brain accepts lower quality recordings when played back from LPs but when I play them back on CD my brain says this should sound better, its a CD?! Digital can only reproduce what its given. Its not magic and that's one thing I think people do not take in account when it comes to listening to music.

You lost me. Analogy tape has better frequency response than CD. It's probably the only characteristic that analog tape excels in. The reason is because CD is absolutely band limited to 20kH (Nyquist). Doesn't really matter, since unless you are pre adolescent who has never listened to loud music, you probably can't hear above 20kH anyway. But that's the fact.