How our cells (nearly) perfected making nanobots 

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This is just a correction for sickle cell disease: the mutation is on the 6th amino acid of the beta chain of hemoglobin, which causes glutamic acid to be replaced by valine, not lysine.

Hello everyone, It's been a long time since I've been on NanoRooms, I hope you are doing well, and I really hope to reveal the mystery of my question: How do our cells know that a specific protein has mutated? I appreciate your effort and time in making those videos, it is magnificent work. Thanks for everything!

Wow. It really does seem like a 3D version of a Turing machine at multiple scales. First at the DNA scale, then at the protein chain scale with the alphabet being the different forces. That’s pretty cool. Then at the level of the completed proteins, etc etc etc.

Precise folding is crucial for protein function. The specific sequence of amino acids guides the protein into its 3D shape, much like origami. If a protein folds incorrectly, it can malfunction and potentially harm the cell. That is insane and scary to think about. Great video Sir.

Such a sick setup for an AlphaFold video! Really excited to see what you’re building towards!

Thank you for making this, I really enjoyed it! 🧬 Can I ask which software did you use to render and animate the proteins?

Your visuals always amaze me

At about 2:45 you mention that there is only one correct conformation for any given protein. There are about 1%-4% of proteins with multiple metastable conformations. These are called metamorphic proteins, or sometimes "fold-switchers". This is why AI models like Distributional Graphormer exist, to sample the Boltzmann distribution.

Prof. Thibault Mayor has the coolest vibe and great production in this video 🙌

ive been waiting for these to come out

Finely another video! 25 minutes ago nonetheless. I would love a video on how some of these misfolded proteins cause others to misfold.

quality is LEGENDARY

Do we know why some misfolded proteins causing other proteins to do the same (like in mad cow disease)? At least a theory?

Great work!

Hey I have a question. If the hydrophobic regions of the proteins are on the inside, then how do membrane proteins have a hydrophobic outer region enabling then to be inserted in the lipid bilayer?

I love your channel

better vid title suggestion "biological protein folding and what can go wrong " because of the prevalence of "clickbait titling " I nearly disregarded your video about a subject that I would love to know more about.

oh thanks

2:48 laughs in intrinsically disordered proteins.

This channel is very awesome 😎

top notch

If a protein is prone to misfolding, then perhaps its primary structure is not optimal, there has to be a better one.

just out of curiosity , type of protein (intrinsic disoriented proteins) does not have a specific shape, is it possible to predict its structure😢

With luck and more power of you.

Hi，I just want to say that your videos are soooooo amazing! ❤❤❤I am a high school student from china, I have long been wondering if using fundamental formulas like physic!! I really hope more people could know about this amazing topic therefore I am wondering if i could get your permission to share your videos on a Chinese video platform Bilibili, so more people would be able to access this amazing topic!!!😊❤

Thank you DNA polymerase for keeping us alive

Would be worth to mention intrinsically disordered proteins

10^30 possibility only takes millions of years? If you tried a new fold every second for 10^30 tries.....The protein folding problem is very interesting when it comes to origins of life on earth, time is a huge hurdle. For every 1 properly folded protein there are 10^77 non-functional(axe, 2010). Without DNA/RNA the possibility of folding into a functional protein is even worse. The math is not friendly if you appreciate the magnitude of the numbers.

Let's goo!

ارتبط صوت اللواء فايز الدويري بنصر السابع من أكتوبر ربنا لا يحرمنا من صوتك

nanomachines son.

❤❤❤

that's so great i cannot wait until humanity will be able to defeat disease for ever

Advanced Chemistry machines …. That is all we are .

This is so cool, and so soooo interesting, but is too much for my little mind :c

😍

It’s called the immune system.

2:30

Atomic dimensional life designed us.

My major was physics but I took many major level biology courses because I was interested in it. It seems to me that protein folding and all this stuff is just a model that happens to explain things satisfactorily to a human mind. We have a disease that we say is caused by misfolded proteins. We have a drug that ‘treats’ this disease, so we say that the drug is helping the proteins to fold correctly. But how do we actually know all this? We don’t (since we cannot observe it, only pseudo-observe it); it is just a model we use, but this model may not have any relation to the actual truth of what is actually going on. Beyond that, it is likely not even possible to know for sure what is going on, so a model that gives sufficient explanatory power is all that we can hope for. But there are infinite models that could work on doing this job, so why did we pick the one we are correctly using? It is because that is the path humans happened to go down, and we build off prior work, so we keep building an ever increasingly complicated edifice. It is like this in physics, too, but many don’t like to admit it. They claim we are discovering actual truths rather than just constructing a model that happens to work, a model that is just one of many. But we cannot probe those other models because it takes the effort of thousands upon thousands of humans all building off each others work. For instance, we claim the higgs bosom was ‘discovered,’ but what was actually seen? Just a small blip/deviation on a graph that has nothing to do with any actual observations of particles (because such observations are impossible). With a complicated mathematical framework and statistics, we can say the model that uses higgs bosons ‘predicated’ such a blip would occur, therefore the higgs boson exists. But there are an infinite number of mathematical models that can generate such a blip, thereby ‘predicting’ whatever we want via the injection of an explanation that is attached to the predictive model. Science claims to be empirical, but it isn’t entirely (and isn’t mostly). It is far more in the depths of rationalism, using 1% of ‘observations’ to claim stuff exists we never observed, just because our rationalism-generated model has a blip, and we observe a blip, therefore this thing we never saw, but attached to the blip via our model, exists. It is like this in molecular biology. I can observe the projectile motion of a baseball; I cannot observe anything on a molecular scale. It is all just rationalism, where 99% of stuff we believe in isn’t ever observed. But we observe something that our model attaches to the thing we cannot observe, and then we claim the thing we cannot observe has been observed (via the model) and that it therefore exists. Same with these proteins and protein folding, and drug interactions. We cannot observe how drugs actually work, so it is just a story we tell ourselves of how it works. If we could actually observe such interactions, we’d know how all drugs work, just as easily as observing someone throwing a ball, or how a mechanical watch works (actually observe it, not pseudo-observe it). But since we can’t, we don’t know how anesthesia works…. until we create a model that explains it, then we claim to know how it works (when we don’t; we just know how the model works). The model is not reality, so don’t confuse the model for reality.

neture is the only think cleverly designed not by humans

Statistics! Or, as chemistry students used to joke, sadistics!

Hydrophobic VDWs eh? Sure you aren't buzzwording a bit?? ;p Great video!

suberb!

Westworld

But who made our cells?

Science is the 20th century Gods Last Messenger.

This is proof of the Lord's Design.

8:28 Oh My God get this professor out of the video… he can’t F-ing use a marker without constantly creating that unbearable squeaky noise. Literally unwatchable, I had a physically painful experience… Jesus christ

good morning I hope you had a great day today love you too baby girl I love you too baby girl I love you too baby girl I love you too baby girl