How the Smallest Animal Got So Simple

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We tend to think that evolution only goes in one direction- toward getting bigger and more advanced. But that’s not always the case. This tiny, simple animal, the Myxozoans, (yes, animal!) evolved from something bigger and more complex.
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21 сен 2024

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Комментарии : 1 тыс.

@Mengjoanne 2 года назад

The original founders of the minimalist movement.

@chrstfer2452 2 года назад

Evolution is somehow simultaneously minimalist and a massive hoarder hahaha. If something has a cost it gets eliminated if the benefit isnt equal to or greater than that cost, but most neutral traits are kept around until genetic entropy gets em.

@KonstantineMortis13 2 года назад

"This one sparks joy."

@donchristie420 2 года назад

Real “shakers”

@TiagoH1710 2 года назад

XDXDXXDXDXXDXDDXDXDDXDXXXXDX

@larrystenger1247 2 года назад

Yah, they had not yet evolved egos.

@ryebreadisepic 2 года назад

Very well explained. You should do a video about yeasts as well, since their ancestors were multicellular but ended up evolving back to being unicellular.

@RebeccaBSong 2 года назад

I'd love to see this!

@marcomoreno6748 2 года назад

News to, this would be fascinating to learn about.

@stevebluh 2 года назад

I would like to see that.

@shadowrealm8014 2 года назад

Mmmmm I watch if they decide to make a video of it

@Dr.Kraig_Ren 2 года назад

Yeah. It would be nice

@geekyprojects1353 2 года назад

Anyone who held an office job for a few years and/or spent some time watching a jellyfish can tell that some of the most successful creatures are very simple and don't have brains.

@salt-emoji 2 года назад

The more complex an organism the more energy required to support the hardware. Jelly's and their cousins are amazing products of evolution

@TragoudistrosMPH 2 года назад

That office job comment... *Chef's kiss*

@magichands135 2 года назад

Its almost like being famous without being talented.

@Games_and_Music 2 года назад

@@magichands135 social parasites. I mean.. influenzas, ..ers, influencers.

@vittocrazi 2 года назад

@@magichands135 no. Not at all. Its more like that pwrson that doesnt do much work but make zero trouble, eventually become invisible and can Skip shifts because noone noticies... And still gets paíd Pinnacle of Office job

@ari1234a 2 года назад

Speaking of parasites, the evolution of Anglerfish male or Ceratiidae male as you would probably say, would be nice to see.

@tyrellthiel2201 2 года назад

AGREE STRONGLY

@Irisofthe 2 года назад

oh definitely, that'd be so cool!

@Jaxck77 2 года назад

Not a parasite, but okay

@Irisofthe 2 года назад

@@Jaxck77 true, but still cool

@cartercampbell9172 2 года назад

Yes a video on sexual dimorphism and the mechanisms that make it possible would be great

@DVOPSEC 2 года назад

Evolution is evolving to adapt to your environment so it doesn’t necessarily mean getting bigger, faster, stronger, etc.

@benjaminmiller3620 2 года назад

The phrase "Survival of the fittest" has unfortunately (and ironically) been affected by the evolution of language. "Fittest" in that context meant the puzzle piece kind of fit: fitting/suitable; not the exercise kind of fit: strong/athletic. In modern parlance it should be re-phrased as "Survival of the most fitting."

@KianaWolf 2 года назад

@@benjaminmiller3620 Or possibly as "survival of the suited." Though that may call to mind birds in formal wear. :p

@DoctorProph3t 2 года назад

Sometimes the fittest is the smallest and squishiest!

@diceman199 2 года назад

@@KianaWolf So....Penguins? :-)

@nathanlevesque7812 2 года назад

@@benjaminmiller3620 Actual irony for once. Almost nobody uses that right.

@animeobsessee2125 2 года назад

PBS RU-vid Has become what the history channel, animal planet, and some others used to be. Actually educational

@loturzelrestaurant 2 года назад

May i recommend various Science-Channel like Sci Man Dan and Sci Show, but also shine light on the fact that Science-RU-vidrs are blood-related-in-spirit to Atheist-Channels? Try Prophet of Zod and Sir Sirc in quick sucession to see the 2 Main-Flavors, so you see why they're worth your Time.

@animeobsessee2125 2 года назад

@@loturzelrestaurant I traveled the world on my spiritual search and decided that religion isn’t for me and have become agnostic, but I appreciate the recommendations

@ESLTopics 2 года назад

Did you know that H.G. Wells’ “The Time Machine” was originally written with another chapter (or two?) that describes how the time traveler continues his journey into the very very far future? And in that future, the traveler glimpses some small, kangaroo-like animals the size of rats ... but with very human-looking faces! However, this chapter is almost never included in any printing of the book. I suspect that the idea of the evolution - or “devolution” - of humans into something so “primitive” was (is?) too unsettling for most people to even contemplate.

@akumaking1 2 года назад

Unfortunately a lot of humans are already in the process of devolving

@goofball5182 2 года назад

Spooky

@dorongrossman-naples9207 2 года назад

@@akumaking1 what does that mean? Are you making judgment on the perceived intelligence of people you dislike? Because I can't think of any scientifically coherent interpretation.

@matheussanthiago9685 2 года назад

H.G. Wells was at the break of writing Man after Man

@MyMy-tv7fd 2 года назад

but if people are really just monkeys in clothes, why care at all?

@zhangchen7080 2 года назад

Evolution is all about survival, whatever is need, rather progress or regress, complex or simple, whatever works

@____________838 2 года назад

Survival of the species, specifically.

@Tismitch 2 года назад

Not sure if progress and regress are accurate when talking about adaptations to increase fitness within an environment. Humans losing tails would technically be regression yet made us better in our niché of endurance so progressed down that path.

@jelatinosa 2 года назад

Even more important is reproduction. They only need to survive long enough to reproduce to be a "successful" when it comes to evolution. The crappiest evolutionary traits can survive as long as the population is able to survive just long enough to replicate.

@____________838 2 года назад

@Krogan Love hence why many of our debilitating illnesses pop up after the age of reproductive ability.

@zhangchen7080 2 года назад

@Krogan Love isnt it simple logic that survival comes before to increase the odds of reproduction, case in point, in the wild, bears would eat their own cubs if its needed to survive to ensure they get a shot at the next season.

@RickySTT 2 года назад

“Regressive evolution” is just part of the game. In humans, our reduced fur, our inability to manufacture vitamin C, and our lack of a tail are just a few examples.

@horsepowermultimedia Год назад

And of course, our arms and legs are no longer made to primarily climb trees.

@minimo3631 Год назад

@@horsepowermultimedia Truly our biggest evolutionary loss

@JubioHDX Год назад

@@minimo3631 okay but also, we're the only apes that can launch a football 70 yards, which is pretty cool. Chimps Gorillas and even Orangutans are many times stronger than us but all they can do without falling is uselessly lob a rock in an arc because of their anatomy, whereas our short arms long legs big butts and different shoulders we're the only animals who can kill something from a distance with a stone or pointy stick also i mean plenty of people still climb cliffs and stuff its just pretty hard

@miguelangellatronico2412 Год назад

En unos años. Todas esas "ventajas" habrán desaparecido para favorecer a los que prefieren quedarse echados en el sofá consumiendo azúcar y grasa sin control. Cuyos cerebros no son capaces de recordar lo mínimo indispensable porque todo se le pregunta al oráculo....,,💻

@PhailRaptor Год назад

And more recently, our difficulty processing complex information in order to coexist in society...

@KimberlyGreen 2 года назад

Evolution: not a linear trajectory, but rather a multifaceted, iterative problem-solving methodology. 👍🏻

@SouthernCyclops 2 года назад

Thanks captain obvious

@raijinoflimgrave8708 2 года назад

@@antidogmattic one could argue the multitudes of individual animals within the lineage are the agents. They are the ones who have to solve the problems, after all.

@Fiction-pb5in 2 года назад

@@SouthernCyclops Someone is just sharing their insight and your compelled to diminish it … why be rude like that?

@astick5249 2 года назад

Best part is that it has no foresight so we can end up with very strange creatures.

@TheCam4 2 года назад

Evolution doesn't solve problems, it's random. We see creatures in the configurations we see because a certain random mutation is more successful. Evolution of species by natural selection.

@OrdonWolf 2 года назад

H.P. Lovecraft's At the Mountains of Madness describes a race of aliens that settled on Earth, and over the course of eons they lost the traits that made space travel possible for them, their limbs became "atrophied" and they overall became simpler as they adapted to life on Earth. The idea of life evolving from a more complex form always captivated me and gave all sorts of existentialist butteflies but I didn't expect real life evolution to have such extreme examples of this as well...

@loturzelrestaurant 2 года назад

May i recommend various Science-Channel like Sci Man Dan and Sci Show, but also shine light on the fact that Science-RU-vidrs are blood-related-in-spirit to Atheist-Channels?

@andrewwatts1997 2 года назад

People tend to forget that evolution's ' goal ' is to adapt to the environment it lives in, not to become as complex and intelligent as possible. If the environment never changes and the creatures that live in it have adapted themselves to the point where death by environmental factors are rare. Evolution pretty much stops. ( correct me if I'm wrong, this is my impression of it )

@TlalocTemporal 2 года назад

If an organism is perfectly adapted for it's niche, evolution doesn't stop, it just selects for exactly what that organism already is. Coelacanth, Lobsters, Sharks, Ginko, Ants, just to name a few animals that haven't changed in a long time.

@flingage 2 года назад

@@TlalocTemporal Also crocodilians

@asjenmensink2740 2 года назад

@@flingage you need to head over to Chimerasuchus' channel because the crocodilliomorph line of archosaurs was just as big a rollercoaster as avemetatarsalia (pterosaurs and dinosaurs).

@trishapellis 2 года назад

@@TlalocTemporal The interesting thing is, (and there's a Scishow video about this), all the animals (and one tree) that you mention have actually changed a lot in their genes - only the genes that determine what they *look like* haven't changed. It's things like immune systems, hormones, and other internal things that don't cause visible differences on the outside but need to go on changing to stay 'fit enough to survive' in an environment where, for example, viruses and bacteria do still evolve constantly.

@EmmaSpAce111 2 года назад

The only thing that matters from an evolutionary perspective is reproduction and getting to that point. This is why you will have animals who die after reproducing, as part of the process, who still succeeded.

@dotdotdot...176 2 года назад

"It's pretty common among parasites. After all, when a species can exploit the features of their hosts, many of their own features just become redundant. Like nothing more than evolutionary baggage." This kind of reminds me of the theory that one bacterium went inside another larger bacterium and basically became the mitochondria of that cell and stopped working as it's own organism, becoming a part of the larger bacterium/host.

@ymmijx6061 2 года назад

yup that's pretty well accepted in biology now a days.

@1DMapler18 2 года назад

I feel like the term regressive evolution is misleading since evolution isn't progressing towards something (it's just an organism adapting to fit its environment), any "regression" an organism makes isn't a regression at all

@tangodroid 2 года назад

I mean, you could argue that almost always evolution has to do with an increase in the complexity of an organism. In that sense regressive could mean going back to a more basic form.

@therealpbristow 2 года назад

It's "regressive" in the sense that it's reversing or doubling-back on steps that have already been taken (though also taking a step or two to the side). Doesn't imply anything about an intended destination, just about the path taken so far.

@1DMapler18 2 года назад

@@therealpbristowah that makes sense, also I guess our own human perception of evolutionary 'progression' clouds it sometimes

@gedeonnunes5626 2 года назад

"evolution" itself is a misleading term to begin with XD

@danilooliveira6580 2 года назад

also why I hate the term "devolving", I feel like it should stay in digimon where it makes sense. evolution is simply change.

@grantexploit5903 2 года назад

Kind of a shame that you didn't talk about the SCANDAL hypothesis, which postulates that the radical simplicity and complicated ultraparasitic lifecycle of Myxozoans are explainable by them being derived from a clonally-transmissible _cancer_ of Myxosporean cells that managed to re-evolve a stable form. I mean, it _is_ radical, but it is also radical (dude).

@silbereis4246 2 года назад

Interesting theory. Can you share links to a more detailed explanation. I would like to read more about this.

@WanderTheNomad 2 года назад

If that does turn out to be true, I feel like that would imply that cancers of other species would also be able to turn into their own species.

@SpiderdayNightLive 2 года назад

You're wrinkling my brain, dude.

@Condor2481 2 года назад

@@capturedflame "the only living descendants of pre Colombian dogs". Uh, there is a lot of descendants of pre colombian dogs. They are entire breeds like the Chihuahua, the peruvian Hairless dog and the Chiribaya dog, which is basically a latin american shepherd.

@swankyangelo8527 2 года назад

Now without the jargon

@sophiecharron5186 2 года назад

Is it me or is Blake getting closer and closer to achieving Superman levels of fitness? Seems to me that he's been taking "survival of the fittest" to its most literal sense!

@teotlxixtli Год назад

I’m not ordering but I’m reading the menu if you catch my drift

@Najolve 2 года назад

"...evolving doesn't have to me becoming bigger, or more complex." Well it looks like I've got a new dating profile.

@Fine_i_set_the_handle 2 года назад

Its not just evolution its all things, alot of engineers make the unfortunate mistake of overcomplicating things, anyone can make a complicated device but a true genius makes something simple that does the same job.

@drrrck 2 года назад

The molecular clock is clearly a major tool when studying evolution and the deep past. But polymerases can have wildly different error rates, which you have to assume affects how the clocks are measured within and across clades. Would you guys consider doing an episode on that? I think it'd be pretty neat and informative...

@loturzelrestaurant 2 года назад

@fandroid6491 2 года назад

@@loturzelrestaurant Hit or miss? It's a miss!

@loturzelrestaurant 2 года назад

@@fandroid6491 ?

@Ice_Karma 2 года назад

6:52 As a Unix geek, there is a utility called "less", which is a more-developed version of another utility, called "more". XD (The "more" command displays output from a file or another program a screenful at a time, instead of the whole thing just flying at you at once. The "less" command does that, too, but unlike "more", which only scrolls one way, a screenful at a time, you can scroll up and down, by a line or a screenful, you can do useful things like search for text, and a bunch more.)

@MaryAnnNytowl 2 года назад

Less is, indeed, more. 😄🙂

@ldbarthel 2 года назад

It's also an old artifact of nerd humor. Unix-like systems are filled with inside jokes, retronyms, and the like. GNU = GNU's Not Unix. grep comes from the single-letter commands used in the ex editor and its descendants: Global Regular Expression Print. The newer version of the Bourne shell is bash, the Bourne Again SHell. A lighter, faster implementation is called dash. BTW, "more" got its name from the prompt at he bottom of each screen of text: "--More--".

@pallukun 2 года назад

i like the way you phrased certain parts, it sounds like the script was carefully considered to suggest just the right implications of the information

@SomeOne-lc2pc 2 года назад

I've listened to all the podcast episodes. I've thoroughly enjoyed them, It's definitely a new favorite.

@m3talhe4d72 2 года назад

I have an issue called I can't eat a meal without watching some sort of documentary style video 😭👍🏻 and you uploaded right on time for my supper! Thank you pbs eons 🥰

@pigcatapult 2 года назад

Evolution: * invents fish * Myxozoans: It’s free real estate

@puppieslovies 2 года назад

Evolution being a process with many different results is so important to understand! It's great to have an animal like this that gets us thinking outside the box

@levicagampang7139 2 года назад

Takes the "We're evolving just backwards" to a whole new meaning

@beachchaos1863 2 года назад

I am so so glad that y'all have done a video on these creatures. I was literally thinking about them just a few hours ago

@gardenhead92 2 года назад

Evolution may not only go towards getting bigger and bigger, but Blake sure does

@DarkrarLetsPlay 2 года назад

FINALLY a full length video again. Very interesting!

@judys9235 2 года назад

The pictures of myxozoans instantly reminded me of how Giardia looks (intestinal parasite of humans and animals that we vets see alot of) I guess because both have double nuclei, are tear drop shaped and have flagellae

@darcieclements4880 2 года назад

Weirdly while giardia is a protozoan, it is more complex than some mixizoan. I'm a little disappointed they didn't highlight the more complex mixizoans

@MaryAnnNytowl 2 года назад

@@darcieclements4880 but... this was about the _simplest_ critter, not more complex ones. 🤨 How does your wish make sense in this context?

@search895 2 года назад

It's interesting to think that maybe virus descend from a more complex thing too for the same reasons.

@seb0rn739 2 года назад

There are some hypotheses that say exactly that.

@ShadowFoxSF 2 года назад

@@seb0rn739 I know they have looked at things like Megaviruses as part of at least some of those hypotheses

@GODDAMNLETMEJOIN 2 года назад

Viruses are likely polyphyletic with some being stripped down cells and some being dressed up nucleic acids.

@eriksaari4430 2 года назад

sars-cov is human!

@HolyGarbage 2 года назад

I actually discovered this phenomena independently through experimentation, before I had even learned it formally. I was developing yet another natural selection simulation, this one based on "organisms" being emulated extremely simple von neumann architectures (or CPU's). Their DNA was essentially their program. The idea originated from the idea of thinking of DNA as software rather than a blueprint, in lieu of epigenetics. So I had designed them such that certain program instructions had an impact on their interaction with their environment. I set it off, and I realized that all organisms, over multiple runs, quickly converged towards an extremely simple program of only 4 instructions. The problem was that the environment I had designed around it was extremely simple, it was simply a grid where organisms couldn't move, but they could turn, query their neighbours, eat neighbours and procreate into neighbouring cells. The main issue was that each organism operated under the same clock pulse, and there wasn't that much complexity to compute in regards to how and when to consume and reproduce in your sphere (circle?) of influence. So the main deciding resource was simply clock cycles, so it was hugely beneficial to have a small program which attempted the core tasks of attacking and reproducing in all directions often enough nondiscriminatory of any information that could be gathered.

@riteshshreenidhi8719 11 месяцев назад

This sounds fascinating, would you have any resources you could please share that shed some light on how one might go about this?

@djguydan 2 года назад

The true final state of evolution is a crab

@SteveScapesYT 2 года назад

Question: Did all tetrapods diverge from the exact same fish species, or did fish adapt to land several times and tetrapods from different fish?

@darcieclements4880 2 года назад

As far as we know, all existing tetrapods go back to a single fish or a cluster of very closely related fish, but way in the past it happened more than once and the others were out competed. However there are lots of fish today that can hang out on land that are not closely related.

@zenithparsec 2 года назад

Everything on earth has been evolving the same length of time... they all go back to that first common ancestor of all life.

@neyok3198 2 года назад

What if life didn’t start with one organism 👀👽😳🙀⁉️

@DanStaal 2 года назад

You could argue that you should count generations, in which case many of the smallest and simplest organisms are generally far more evolved.

@MaryAnnNytowl 2 года назад

Um, no, you can't really say that. Now, *LIFE* had been evolving the whole time. But not everything has. Most of today's critters (us included) didn't exist a few handfuls of millions of years ago. So you can't say _we_ have been evolving that long, or the Cheetah, or the Red Tailed Hawk, etc. We can't even say us eukaryotes, altogether, have been evolving that long. (Edited typo)

@lemeres2478 2 года назад

"I used to be a big city animal like you. But I realized that the hustle and bustle wasn't worth it. So now I am a small city animal".

@russellking8349 2 года назад

You explained this in an approachable and persuasive manner. Thank you.

@chickenpants 2 года назад

This is amazing. Thank you. Evolution is way stranger and more incredible than science journalism portrays. Again, thank you for covering this. Injected a dose of wonder into my morning.

@taranoreilly5101 2 года назад

3:36 this lifestyle tangent made me cackle. It was so unexpected and genuine.

@oucyan 2 года назад

Last time I was this early for a PBS Eons video, I was a single celled organism

@Cora.T 2 года назад

0:39 we all know that crabs are the ultimate lifeform

@xXMushfaceXx 2 года назад

@3:38 “I have nothing against parasites, I just don’t agree with their lifestyle”

@M_Alexander 2 года назад

Simple, especially sessile animals make me wonder if there are any cases where a particular plant, animal, and fungus become harder to distinguish from each other

@M_Alexander 2 года назад

@hayven angoromanana it wouldn't even take that much; if nothing else, plants have a cell wall of cellulose, fungi of chitin, and animals lack one altogether. I'm just wondering, looking at sponges, if there's a plant and fungus you could put beside one and it's not immediately clear which is which. Like, when the evolution diverged, there might have been a time where they weren't all that different from each other

@ianmacfarlane1241 2 года назад

That little bird at 5:12 (A bluebird) is absolutely beautiful.

@phigu198 2 года назад

Just the thought that a sort of animal still alive today was set on its path of evolution when fish weren't around yet. Wild.

@wise0wl 2 года назад

I wonder what is steve doing these days?

@little_forest 2 года назад

Addressing teleologic misconceptions about evolution - me likey! I would love to see more nature of science content related to paleontology!

@SlowToe 2 года назад

Great episode guys. Thanks to everyone involved.

@unicornswag888 2 года назад

My dad was a myxozoan, and he died in a simple-folk helicopter crash.

@solsoman102 11 месяцев назад

genius of you guys to plug this video in your most recent upload i’m a huge fan but i somehow missed this episode when it came out so it felt like getting two uploads in one day

@Fantasygod930 2 года назад

Very interesting that a complex animal even if it's not super complex can become very simple but not too single bacterial complex evolution is very very weird

@joegallagher1842 2 года назад

Good video. “I’ve been called worse” was the funniest line I’ve heard in weeks.

@AphidKirby 2 года назад

Absolutely delightful episode!!!! I love Myxozoans!!

@CarlytheWolf23 2 года назад

I always personally thought of evolution as mutations in species of life that happen to get passed down to the next generation, it doesn't matter what the mutations are, just that the individuals must survive long enough to reproduce, in term passing down whatever mutations they had.

@rustyshackleford9888 2 года назад

It doesn't entirely "not matter" what the mutations are-if they are beneficial in some way, then they can be selected for over subsequent generations (i.e., natural selection), since individuals with that mutation have a better chance at surviving and reproducing. But yes, that's essentially all evolution is at the end of the day! Changes in the frequencies of alleles (which originate from mutations) from generation to generation. The more random method of passing down mutations that you're talking about is the process of genetic drift, where mutations that may be neither beneficial nor harmful can be passed down randomly just based on chance events that allow some individuals to survive and reproduce and some to die, regardless of their fitness. A classic example would be a natural disaster destroying half of a population, and the remaining half repopulates, now with different allele frequencies in the gene pool since the alleles from individuals in the previous population were completely lost from the gene pool.

@CarlytheWolf23 2 года назад

@@rustyshackleford9888 okay yeah I forgot about the detail of genes that may seem attractive to others of their kind.

@Waxican 2 года назад

This was a really cool video guys! In the community post talking about this topic I said that I thought this was *Symbion pandora* and was obviously wrong lol. I’d love to see you guys do a video on S. pandora though because their life cycle is so unique and interesting!

@cosmopoiesecriandomundos7446 2 года назад

@@longboy7 same

@blubistheword 2 года назад

I love this channel. All the videos are so interesting and they always make me enthusiastic about learning

@firebrand_fox 2 года назад

What if millions of years from now humans are not the space travelling pinnacle of civilization we think we'll be but instead we evolve to be weird rodent like creatures that had to evolve to survive an Earth that we trashed?

@zasproductions9258 2 года назад

A reverse Mesozoic?

@KillenOlsson 2 года назад

That's pretty similar to the plot of The Time Machine

@nerdyspinosaurid 2 года назад

@@KillenOlsson yeah, though it's based directly on the abusive class system of capitalism rather than the destruction of the current ecosystem through its exploitation (though, well, that's also by capitalists mainly)

@TragoudistrosMPH 2 года назад

Plenty are not utilizing our potential intelligence and they are breeding just fine...

@goldfish8729 2 года назад

..l oh my goddesss

@philliplee5385 2 года назад

Gould was an excellent writer in pointing this aspect of evolution, his insight truly was one of best among evolutionary biologists.

@JohnFleshman 2 года назад

Anyone who says birds dont look like dinosaurs has never met a Cassowary.

@zackakai5173 2 года назад

Far Cry 3 taught me I have no desire to ever come face to face with one of those things in real life without several inches of glass between me and it xD

@cheaterman49 Год назад

That was really cool! We all know of jellyfishes and anemones, but it seems really incredible that 20% of their family is composed of microscopic parasites!

@SADXANGEL 2 года назад

Hi Blake & the PBS Eons team! I've been watching Eons for a long time now, and I've got to say I'm impressed by how much you've improved as a Host compared to the past. Nice work and thanks for doing what you do :)

@IKEMENOsakaman 2 года назад

Evolution is interesting. We go from monkeys to humans to Boris Johnson.

@christopherrice2004 2 года назад

The mitochondria is the powerhou - wait what? No mitochondria? Blasphemy!

@ldbarthel 2 года назад

In this case, the mitochondria are outsourced.

@TsvetoslavGeorgiev 2 года назад

I'm pretty sure some loriciferans have also lost the ability to use oxygen though. So glad you made a video about these cool organisms!

@Ryan-pz4dh 2 года назад

What the “March of Progress” looks like that I think a lot of people get wrong is that humans evolved from apes. That’s inaccurate, humans are apes. We didn’t evolve from apes because we still technically are apes. Humans, chimpanzees and bonobos share a common ancestor, possibly Ardipithecus, that lived about 4 million years ago. The common ancestor we share with gorillas and orangutans lived much earlier than that. So technically, chimps, gorillas and orangutans are our cousins.

@rosiehawtrey 2 года назад

Pan Narrans Sapiens Europus in my case, and by the name probably yourself. I'd love to drop in to Flores and find baby Komodo to train.. Plus meet some Pan Floresensis. North02 does a good vidset on hominid species. Sadly we didn't evolve from Pan Paniscus.

@phieyl7105 2 года назад

When family gathering?

@Ryan-pz4dh 2 года назад

@@rosiehawtrey are you referring to Homo Narrans and Homo Floresiensis?

@qarljohnson4971 2 года назад

"Are we jellyfish?" "No! We are Devo!"

@wbwam7710 2 года назад

I wish my bio teacher showed us this video as an example of molecular clock, I better understand it, AND I have an example right here.

@karimguerahli3837 2 года назад

I've been waiting for this episode. I just hope it's good

@Shaden0040 2 года назад

Tunicates when larva form have a hotochord, but when they ecomeadults they loose theirspinalchord.

@ktkng 6 месяцев назад

hoto?

@Griexxt 2 года назад

It would scream in horror over what it has become, but it no longer can.

@Binarokaro 2 года назад

This is so messed up. It's nuts how different "animals" alone can be. How are we ever supposed to identify aliens when we find them if even on Earth, we can barely recognize other animals that share the same molecular building blocks as us!

@SkittleBurstsxoxo 2 года назад

I loved the intro. The fact that we have animals who evolved to eventually breathe air and walk on land before evolving to return right back to our oceans is the only reason I haven't carried this mentality about evolution.

@dubsar 2 года назад

Do viruses have a similar story, being extremely simplified versions of some ancient parasite?

@StClare_ Год назад

The trichoplaxes and myxozoans are in a competition for who can be the greatest minimalist in the Animal kingdom.

@TragoudistrosMPH 2 года назад

3:36 this aside is absolutely hilarious 😂 When people sometimes talk too much about those listed lifestyles, parasites can sound like pleasant alternatives :p

@jonbeecee 2 года назад

FINALLY some Myxozoan love! One crazy fun fact is that experts estimate there could be over 50,000 species of these things! Each with its own unique hosts

@jeremiasrobinson 2 года назад

"I've been called worse."

@eoincampbell1584 2 года назад

Because of all thumbnails showing their time stamp in the bottom right corner in this era of youtube the title I saw was "How the Smallest Animal Got So Simp" and I was horrified.

@seb0rn739 2 года назад

I think, the term "regressive evolution" is misleading. Evolution is never regressive, never conservative. It's about constant change. Often change involves reduction if it is beneficial. I think this principle could (and should) also be applied to economics and politics.

@HolyGarbage 2 года назад

It's among the smallest and simplest animals ever found, it has no mouth, and it must scream.

@MakoSDV 2 года назад

As soon as he said it's a parasite, my first thought was "Oh, that makes sense"...

@metafuel 2 года назад

I'm here because of "Crime Pays, Botany Doesn't". I'm not affiliated in anyway but love the truth about things. Thank you for your work PBS people. Edit: and definitely subscribed.

@brito7175 2 года назад

"It's evolving just backwards"

@casp3802 День назад

going through the back catalogue of videos and i gotta say. sometimes the funniest thing about these old jokes is just blake's reaction to them (or lack thereof)

@EthanHackney 2 года назад

“regressive evolution is common among parasites” me going back to live with my parents

@SunnySalasar 2 года назад

I just love him, my most favorite PBS host.

@genegray9895 2 года назад

You said these were the only animals that can't breathe oxygen? But what about the anaerobic Loriciferans?

@benjaminmiller3620 2 года назад

Cool, thanks for telling me about them!

@darcieclements4880 2 года назад

This is why I love the comments section.

@benjaminmiller3620 2 года назад

@@darcieclements4880 Science youtubers seem to be the exception to the "RU-vid comments are toxic" rule.

@pranavghantasala6808 2 года назад

So what you're saying is, theoretically, it is possible to reject humanity and return to monke

@benjaminanderson1014 2 года назад

It makes me wonder why viruses aren't considered alive. Myxozoans clearly can't survive without a host. Not even close. So why does the fact that viruses can't either mean that they don't count as alive? Seems arbitrary.

@astridpinel2789 2 года назад

maybe this will change over time the more we learn about myxozoana

@lava2istrue 2 года назад

The myxozoans do actually *live* inside the host however! Viruses can’t be said to do the same. most viruses are pretty much just the following: A shell consisting of protein. And a payload of RNA or DNA. Neither of which makes for life, host or not.

@TragoudistrosMPH 2 года назад

Because myxozoans can die. They still have metabolism and other features. Even without mitochondria, cells can breakdown sugars and make energy, anaerobically. A virus can be destroyed, but there are some differences between destroyed and dead. Great question, btw.

@drendolnicar9816 2 года назад

There is a difference. Myxozoans are parasites, but can reproduce by them selves, the host is just their "habitat", on the other hand viruses need to infect a cell in order to reproduce, since they them selves do not have the means to reproduce on their own (replicate their genome and build new viruses) and need the proteom of a cell to replicate their genome. I think that this is one od those questions (like "what is life"?) that we will probably never be able to answer with certanty.

@benjaminanderson1014 2 года назад

@@TragoudistrosMPH So because the myxozoans still get and consume energy from their host in the form of ATP, even without having their own mitochondria, that counts as alive. Still feels arbitrary but makes a little more sense

@highfive7689 2 года назад

Eon humor kind of sticks to you forever. lol

@michaelreismanchannel1456 2 года назад

What do we know about the parasitic viruses? Could viruses have evolved backwards from a larger, more complex organism?

@darcieclements4880 2 года назад

Virus are heavily regressive by their very nature

@MaryAnnNytowl 2 года назад

That's an excellent question. If it shed its DNA like these critters shed their RNA, I'm not sure you'd be able to discern one's genetic history enough to tell.

@jodikeen4623 2 года назад

That's one of the leading theories on the origin of viruses! It's called the reduction hypothesis and the discovery of giant viruses give some credit towards it

@landak136 2 года назад

I always thought barnacles are one of those retro evolutionists. Shrimps and crabs are getting tougher and badder, but they literally got stuck.

@momo7gato 2 года назад

I feel that an organism's evolution should be looked at historically through the lens of efficiency towards its survival in an always changing environment. It should not be a reference to mere physical complexity. For example, viruses and parasitism might be an END result of the evolution of multicellular organisms, IF their biomes force them to adapt accordingly over time.

@lunacarmin 2 года назад

that's minimalism to the extreme right there

@fionagibson7529 2 года назад

The new podcast episode sounded like it would be interesting, but whoever was narrating it doesn’t speak super clearly and without like a transcript or something, people with even mild hearing impairments(like me) are going to have difficulty understanding what is being said. It wasn’t an issue with the first two podcasts, but I honestly couldn’t understand it.

@SirBlameson 2 года назад

Evolution really just made "👽" emoji an actual animal

@AltairBlue 2 года назад

now all we need is 🗿

@darcieclements4880 2 года назад

Called it. I started studying Cryptosporidium to find a cure recently, but have been a casual parasitologist for almost two decades. Glad to see parasites getting some attention lately on eons. They aren't just sculpted by evolution, they are a major driver of it. I'd ask for a crypto episode, but let's face it, we still need to finish the basic research and you covered it's relatives. Personally though, I think crypto is the most elegant of the apicomplexa, even if half of what we know right now is paradoxical.

@MaryAnnNytowl 2 года назад

Into the Microcosmos gives several minutes of nothing but tiny critters of one kind or another! It's from Hank Green, of Scissors fame. 🙂

@ninjanerdstudent6937 2 года назад

I think the LeBraille joke is a spin on La Brea Tarpits.

@mafarmerga 2 года назад

I am probably only one of has a dozen biologists in the US who teaches about Myxozoa. I am by no means an expert, but they are covered in my Biology of Protists class. Even though they are NOT protists.