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How This Black Confederate Changed History. 

BirdDogg
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In today's episode we explore the complex history of one of the most important figures in American history, Holt Collier. Black Confederate, Bear hunter, presidential guide and influencer of American culture, Holt Collier changed your Childhood and History!
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11 дек 2022

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Комментарии : 164   
@brandonhammer5311
@brandonhammer5311 Год назад
Thank you for telling the truth instead of being like half the RU-vidrs. - A member of the Sons of Confederate Veterans
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg Год назад
Thanks for stopping in Brandon, pass it on before it disappears
@LanceAlot-ww2ib
@LanceAlot-ww2ib 9 месяцев назад
Truth is, 200,000 black men served in the Union military and many of them were Southerners. Confederate military? Not so much.
@brandonhammer5311
@brandonhammer5311 9 месяцев назад
@@LanceAlot-ww2ib Thanks for your Wikipedia education but some of us actually read these things called books and we know that those 200,000 black men in the Union were used as cannon fodder
@John-sk8cm
@John-sk8cm 8 месяцев назад
Happy Veterans Day. I really love your channel and watch and rewatch your videos. I don't know if you'll see this but will you be doing any more videos on RU-vid? Can l find your content anywhere else? Thank you for keeping these special people alive for us. May God bless you always 🤗 🇺🇸
@farpointgamingdirect
@farpointgamingdirect 2 месяца назад
​@LanceAlot-ww2ib I think you need to read Allan Nevins 8-volume history of the American Civil War and learn the error of your statement
@noahotte2960
@noahotte2960 Год назад
RIP Holt Collier (1848-1936) 🕊️❤️💐🌸🌺 🇺🇸 Thank you for your service sir and for giving the world the Teddy Bear!🧸
@cedriccbass-jp8ky
@cedriccbass-jp8ky Год назад
Im so glad this info is out there. I live in Portugal, got my Confederate flag on the porch I love the south. The elite love to change our history (thats all history on the planet)
@elijahFree2000
@elijahFree2000 Год назад
Nothing changes the fact that the Confederacy enslaved 38% of its population.
@TX_BADMAN
@TX_BADMAN Год назад
What a small world. I will try to keep this short. My family has been in Texas since before Texas. 1829 to be exact. I had four of my family were with Company K of the 18th Calvary. I know this from genealogy now but when I was a boy in the early 1960's my great grandfather would tell stories on the porch of an evening. One of the stories I remember to this day is the story of a freed slave who was a sniper and big game hunter that he had once met as a boy. "Grand Pap Rod was 105 years old in 1961" Yes, that man was Holt Collier. I did not know the whole story until watching this video. I am your newest subscriber and I will be watching your older videos. Thank you.
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg Год назад
How cool! Thanks for sharing that story Daniel, and for stopping in!
@bastait
@bastait 4 месяца назад
grandpap rod sounds like a real one.
@mikemetz5864
@mikemetz5864 Год назад
God Bless this Southern Gentleman.
@LanceAlot-ww2ib
@LanceAlot-ww2ib 9 месяцев назад
God bless the 200,000 black men who fought for the Union
@dstro899
@dstro899 3 месяца назад
​@LanceAlot-ww2ib It is unfortunate that they had done themselves a great disservice in the long run.
@farpointgamingdirect
@farpointgamingdirect 2 месяца назад
​@@LanceAlot-ww2ibYou really need to read more...
@OasisTypeZaku
@OasisTypeZaku 5 месяцев назад
The man literally took out a bear at 10. Based. Rest in Peace Holt Collier. Honestly I never heard of him before this video. I was never taught by our illustrious public education system about such a hero and prolific man. He darn sight deserves to be honored with his own holiday. I'm pretty sure he'd be honored to know that a wildlife refuge was named after him. It's fitting for a man that was so connected to the outdoors.❤
@tonybarnes3858
@tonybarnes3858 4 месяца назад
School doesn't teach you every detail of history. It teaches you how to read.
@westtnskirmishlog6820
@westtnskirmishlog6820 Год назад
Excellent work on a great southern man. As always love what you do for folks. God bless you and yours brother.
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg Год назад
Thanks TN. I’m about to dust myself off and climb back in the saddle this month. Hope I can make up my absence to everyone.
@elijahfreeman5299
@elijahfreeman5299 Год назад
@BirdDogg I'm curious why you never do any videos about the overwhelming majority of black combatants in the Civil War who fought for the Union, many of whom were Southerners and escaped slaves?
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg Год назад
@@elijahfreeman5299 I actually have done several about them as well as interviews with former slaves etc. With that said, content that generates discussion gets more traction
@elijahfreeman5299
@elijahfreeman5299 Год назад
@BirdDogg You did do one video about black soldiers who fought for the Union, true. But your angle was to attack the Union for paying them less than white soldiers, which was the later rectified by Congress. Their service to the Union was not the focus of your video. It would appear that most of your audience loves stories about the handful of armed blacks who fought for their slave masters.
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg Год назад
@@elijahfreeman5299 Well, that was all factual, except the actual premise was that they paid the black soldiers less than the confederacy paid black servants following the army. I also did videos about the atrocities of slavery with actual audio from slaves, and on the black troops in Charleston. But yeah, the numbers speak for themselves, those videos don’t get much traction. I don’t really see an issue with portraying great black Americans regardless of wether they fit with the norm, in fact their exceptionalism is what makes their stories worth telling. At the root of it though I try and share the parts of history that folks would rather forget and pretend never happened, I try to show the grey areas, not just the black and white.
@bryanmcleod9346
@bryanmcleod9346 4 месяца назад
This is such an inspiring, admirable, and fascinating story, that I'm gonna share everywhere! I witnessed the civil rights era, and grew up in S. Georgia with black friends in the sixties. It was a very confusing time, as what we heard on the news didnt make sense as I played barefoot with black children I went to school with. All we knew, was we all bled red blood, and we were all Americans. Relations were mending each decade, until obaMao and his partner, started dividing us again. This story can be a reuniting and healing influence, and I intend to use it as such! Salute, BirdDogg!! For bringing History, and our American experience back to life!! Thank You! Clent A. Evans Camp 64 Sons of Confederate Veterans.
@herbertfawcett7213
@herbertfawcett7213 Год назад
How do the liberals remember Holt Collier?
@mechcavandy986
@mechcavandy986 5 месяцев назад
Who cares? 😹
@tonybarnes3858
@tonybarnes3858 4 месяца назад
You don't understand liberals. H.C. was a product of his times, and a fine one.
@dwightcurrie8316
@dwightcurrie8316 4 месяца назад
As an "Uncle Tom", if they remember him at all
@tonybarnes3858
@tonybarnes3858 4 месяца назад
Liberals know a lot more about this war than many conservatives with their heads stuck, apparently, deep in the sand. We remember, but more--we understand.@@dwightcurrie8316
@Procopius464
@Procopius464 3 месяца назад
They don't. That would require them to do their own research, and if they did that they couldn't stay liberals.
@philandre0087
@philandre0087 Год назад
BirdDogg glad to see your newest Video is up and running, hope all is well with you and your family, look very much to seeing more of your videos
@rt3box6tx74
@rt3box6tx74 Год назад
Thanks! Believe it or not, this story was in our American History book from 7th grade in 1960 or thereabouts, though I don't remember the freedom papers or stowaway story being part of it.
@shakascloset1700
@shakascloset1700 Год назад
Great to hear from you again. 👍
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg Год назад
Thanks Shaka, slowly dusting myself off and getting back in the saddle.
@allen_p
@allen_p Год назад
Wow! What a story. Thanks for putting all that together.
@blumax413
@blumax413 Год назад
Wow so glad to hear you again
@Josh-kx1vv
@Josh-kx1vv Год назад
A bit of history that the powers that be might try to obscure thanks for the educational post.
@rebelbatdave5993
@rebelbatdave5993 6 месяцев назад
Interesting! The original Teddy Bear! Thanks!
@SkiSearcher
@SkiSearcher Год назад
great history right here ! thanks and great job 💥👍🤠
@lanet60
@lanet60 Год назад
Welcome back. Great to see you again. Thankyou so very much. We must keep this alive. History is so important.
@michaeldouglas1243
@michaeldouglas1243 Год назад
Great seeing a video from ya, been missing your content for quite sometime
@1980bwc
@1980bwc Год назад
Love these Chris.
@rayjaypaulsen
@rayjaypaulsen Год назад
Hello Chris, It's so good too see these again! I missed your you tube videos, I've known you been busy with other work. It made my night/day.
@ClaytonCountyHistoryHound
@ClaytonCountyHistoryHound Год назад
Great piece of history. Thanks for sharing and take care. ✌️
@Ian-sh5xz
@Ian-sh5xz 5 месяцев назад
Black Confederates is a term often used to describe both enslaved and free African Americans who filled a number of different positions in support of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Most often this assistance was coerced rather than offered voluntarily. Enslaved men were either hired out by their enslavers or impressed to work in various departments of the Confederate army. Free Black men were also routinely impressed or otherwise forced to perform manual labor for the army. The government’s use of Black labor, whether free or enslaved, followed patterns established during the antebellum period, when county governments routinely engaged the service of Black men to help maintain local roads and other public property. While large numbers of Black men thus accompanied every Confederate army on the march or in camp, those men would not have been considered soldiers. Only a few Black men were ever accepted into Confederate service as soldiers and none did any significant fighting. Through most of the war, the Confederate government’s official policies toward Black men maintained that those men were laborers, not soldiers; changes to that policy in March 1865 came too late to make any difference to Confederate prospects for victory.
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg 5 месяцев назад
Yeah, that’s all pretty well documented, this however is specifically about the gray areas rather than the black and white(as is most of my content.)
@craignelson8670
@craignelson8670 2 месяца назад
M​@@BirdDogg
@davide9658
@davide9658 7 месяцев назад
Now that's an interesting story. Thanks.
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg 7 месяцев назад
Thanks for listening!
@nicholascrowder740
@nicholascrowder740 Год назад
That is an awesome video buddy!! Keep up the great work!
@hinklesderbyshop4638
@hinklesderbyshop4638 Год назад
good work and good to see you posted something new keep up the good work
@warrenmcelroy4718
@warrenmcelroy4718 Год назад
Wow! This was a damn good video you put together, thank you for sharing this with all of us… Deo Vindice my friend
@philipwolf825
@philipwolf825 Год назад
wonderful story, wonderful man, thanks birdDogg
@yuppy1967
@yuppy1967 5 месяцев назад
Wow, what a great story! And it’s true, even better!!!
@Mark-br8yh
@Mark-br8yh Год назад
Man! I love history!! This was great. Thank you for keeping history alive and for sharing this with the world.
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg Год назад
Thanks Mark, hope you find some more content you enjoy here on the channel.
@JessiJames-wd7op
@JessiJames-wd7op 2 месяца назад
Wow! I thoroughly enjoyed learning about this tough man who fought alongside the men he loved as family. I especially liked the part where he jumped in and tackled the bear, because it was attacking his favorite dog. Our family, recently discovered a story about our grandfather from an 1878 Atlanta newspaper article. He was known as Panther Ben because he killed a panther with his knife, because the panther had attacked his favorite dog, Ringo. Poor Ringo didn’t make it and my grandfather wore the scars of his battle with the big cat to his grave. He was a scout for the army as a young boy and led them into the Okefenokee Swamp. I think he and Mr Holt Collier would have been buddies had they ever met! Men of that era were almost super human!
@andrewstravels2096
@andrewstravels2096 Год назад
Great to see the series back in action. Another great video as always.
@adamw7290
@adamw7290 Год назад
Great video BirdDogg!
@ajmc5
@ajmc5 Год назад
Great video, thanks for making and sharing it!
@noahotte2960
@noahotte2960 Год назад
Hello Mr. Bird Dogg, I wish you a Merry Christmas 🎄 and a Happy New Year! 🥳 RIP Amos Rucker! May his memory be a blessing! 💐🌺🌸
@michaelfike7542
@michaelfike7542 Год назад
Great video and information. Keep them coming.👍
@janicepounds9934
@janicepounds9934 Год назад
Missing your posts!! Love them!!
@blackjack5324
@blackjack5324 Год назад
Thank you for another compelling story!
@idigdaytona4478
@idigdaytona4478 Год назад
Very nice history lesson . Merry Christmas BirdDog !
@gdubgoin
@gdubgoin Год назад
been missing some bird dog videos.. many thanks !
@toddlarmon3708
@toddlarmon3708 Год назад
Birddogg! Man its good to see a post from you. I was wondering what happened to you last week. This was very interesting. I love your channel and your content. I hope you post more often. I have missed you for sure. I hope all is well with you. Take care and i hope to see you on here again real soon...🙂
@jerrydineen2827
@jerrydineen2827 Год назад
Chris I knew bits and pieces of this story but you definitely brought out some facts that I didn't know about. I really enjoyed it!
@blumax413
@blumax413 Год назад
Was going to IM you was getting Worried haven’t heard from you for so long
@jeorgedavid3239
@jeorgedavid3239 2 месяца назад
Thank you sir this is 1st time hearing this story
@BlueEyedColonizer
@BlueEyedColonizer Год назад
Amazing job Sir.
@mattmarzula
@mattmarzula Год назад
Such a great presentation.
@louismilum8663
@louismilum8663 Год назад
Excellent work!
@patriotrising6214
@patriotrising6214 5 месяцев назад
Here on are wall hangs a picture I have always treasured , the picture is of 5 mounted officers of the Missouri volunteer Army. At the battle of Wilson creek. Where they killed all the Yankees that had burned their crops an farms an homes . As a child I played in the battlefield often .playing with Yankee bones and their guns remnants etc. For they were left lay an never burried . The army spread out some with bloody Bill Anderson ,an others with Capt. Quantrel . They fought from the Ozarks , to Texas for 12 long years after Lee's surrender. Revised history by the indoctrinated are the signs of tyranny an fear .
@guymcmullan9297
@guymcmullan9297 Год назад
Awesome thanks 👍
@ronnieisaacs6960
@ronnieisaacs6960 Год назад
Now that's real History! Great video! Appreciate your research into a great story and a good man!
@andrewbarry6702
@andrewbarry6702 Год назад
Great story of an American hero. RIP Holt Collier
@jeffnelson9420
@jeffnelson9420 Год назад
Yep, Thanks fer sharing .
@IffySignals
@IffySignals 6 месяцев назад
Awesome! Thx 👍
@tomyoung8563
@tomyoung8563 Месяц назад
Still love this video
@trisgilmour
@trisgilmour 3 месяца назад
Cool 😎
@alexmcmillan6301
@alexmcmillan6301 Год назад
Saw you on Chad Carusos channel! You’re a cool guy.
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg Год назад
Thanks for stopping in Alex! Was an honor to get to meet Chad and load him up with ice and water, was super hot. Fully in awe of what he is doing.
@Brandon_737
@Brandon_737 Год назад
Thank you for the content and all the history you bring back to life.
@forrestwebb8590
@forrestwebb8590 Год назад
Also I didn't know that is why they call it a 'Teddy Bear ' - another fine history lesson!
@mechcavandy986
@mechcavandy986 5 месяцев назад
The rifle TR gave Holt was stolen and has never been recovered. 🤬
@itawambamingo
@itawambamingo 3 месяца назад
Why am I crying?!
@West_Coast_Gang
@West_Coast_Gang Год назад
Please remember that officially black people couldn’t join the confederate army until 1865, before most of them served as camp workers and such
@elijahFree2000
@elijahFree2000 Год назад
Very very few black people in the Confederacy were allowed to carry a gun. Like you said, most were slaves hired out by their masters in service to the Confederate government.
@shakeandbreak2938
@shakeandbreak2938 Год назад
I saw you on the skate across America video, and I knew exactly who you were. That was cool to see you.
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg Год назад
😂 never know where I’ll turn up
@shakeandbreak2938
@shakeandbreak2938 Год назад
@@BirdDogg I didn't know you were a fellow skater, too. Up'd your all ready cool factor. 😎
@effewe2
@effewe2 Год назад
OMG!!!!...This is soooo great to find out.
@forrestwebb8590
@forrestwebb8590 Год назад
Great man and a great history of the man! I watched a movie with a character named Holt, he was a freed slave, that went to war with his master's son, to fight for the confederacy! I believe it was called ' Ride with the Devil ' - I don't know if I got the name right, but it was similar to this piece of history you just told me! Thank you for the lesson!
@larryclark4791
@larryclark4791 2 месяца назад
Oh my gosh
@ESPLTD322
@ESPLTD322 2 месяца назад
Rip Holt Collier
@carlthornton3076
@carlthornton3076 Год назад
Very Good!... #92 ✝ {6-3-2023}
@DeborahYa
@DeborahYa Год назад
No way he was from Africa with how much he knew of the land. That man was an Indiana
@JasonsMyOneLife
@JasonsMyOneLife Год назад
Do you know why the guys that helped you find the railroad bow tie stopped making videos? Just curious
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg Год назад
Ehh, life happens, kids, family etc. I’m face down in it myself working towards getting back to a position where I can make videos more frequently again.
@JasonsMyOneLife
@JasonsMyOneLife Год назад
@@BirdDogg I get that! And I absolutely hope you do!! You already have the hardest part beat! 18k followers, all you need is view time and your monitized!! That’s awesome man, you can do it! 😎👌🏼🤞🏼
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg Год назад
@@JasonsMyOneLife ahh, the channel has been monetized for a long time, but that won’t hardly cover the bills and is sporadic at best. Best month was around $3k but it dropped off pretty fast. Averages maybe $100 a month
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg Год назад
@@JasonsMyOneLife appreciate ya though!
@jacksonwilhelm2420
@jacksonwilhelm2420 Год назад
Hello, I found a neat navy button with an anchor. I was wondering if you had an email that I could send a pic of it to so that you might be able to help me ID it.
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg Год назад
Sure birddoggproductions@gmail. Com
@jacksonwilhelm2420
@jacksonwilhelm2420 Год назад
@@BirdDogg ok sweet, I just sent you an email with a picture of it.
@jacksonwilhelm2420
@jacksonwilhelm2420 Год назад
@@BirdDogg you get my email ?
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg Год назад
@@jacksonwilhelm2420 busy busy day, just getting to it. To me it appears to be a late 1800’s blazer button, likely 1880’s-1890’s. If it were an early button the back would likely be brass as well instead of iron. Still a neat find that should display well
@jacksonwilhelm2420
@jacksonwilhelm2420 Год назад
@@BirdDogg thanks I really appreciate your feedback. Do you think it is worth anything?
@kindnessfirst9670
@kindnessfirst9670 6 месяцев назад
No armed slaves saw combat on the Confederate side in the Civil War.
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg 6 месяцев назад
Official records and the federal government would disagree with you. A simple google search of Holt Collier historic marker will offer one such proof, I can offer several others from the official records of the civil war, period diaries and letters, but the one supported by the federal government will suffice for now as this video was simply to reinforce the fact that the civil war was significantly more nuanced than modern narratives would have you believe.
@PeterOkeefe54
@PeterOkeefe54 4 месяца назад
your similar to Dr Felton...no sappy varnish...just our nations history..good or bad
@flammenwaffenfries3039
@flammenwaffenfries3039 Год назад
What's that about the war of northern aggression
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg Год назад
I reckon it depends on where you’re from.
@DocWat280
@DocWat280 Год назад
Wasn't Forest the fist leader of the KKK?
@metalheadcentral5759
@metalheadcentral5759 Год назад
Yes and no, he never even participated in klan activity, and Forrest was a civil rights activist
@joetrader1942
@joetrader1942 Год назад
You know Chris rock said it in a bit that he now hates but we all know is true.
@joetrader1942
@joetrader1942 Год назад
Who actually hates “black” people, especially Americans?!?!
@wannas5572
@wannas5572 5 месяцев назад
I find it disrespectful for calling him an African American which the term was used to describe melanated people in 1988. Would be better to describe him by what he called himself or common in his era.
@JohnJohnson-pq4qz
@JohnJohnson-pq4qz Год назад
Interesting that Drummers were usually children. thus the often heard term "drummer boy". Being paid the same as some quarter pay prepubescent kid is not much to be proud of for a full gown man. At the beginning of the war the southern congress specifically bared free blacks from enlisting as soldiers...look it up. Thus, most of this hooey is exposed. southern whites thought blacks had the mentality of children (at best) so making a big deal and glorifying that the greatest military achievement for this man was to rise to the level of equality with white children is pretty degrading.
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg Год назад
You just copy pasting your racist rhetoric? Here’s a copy pasted reply….. wner, a business owner and a man who was respected by all in his community, even to the extent that he is still celebrated there for his kindness and generosity. Equality of white children 😂 cleary your comprehension of what warfare during the American civil war consisted of is limited to a pbs special. There was no safety on a civil war battlefield, and a drummer was just as likely to find himself in hand to hand combat as any other soldier, in fact musicians and flag bearers were specifically targeted. His community championed him and you think you are doing some sort of white knight service by bashing the fact that he overcame extreme adversity to become an admired member of his community. Not for his service to the confederate army, but for his service to that community. Maybe one day you will in fact reach equality with children and not feel the incessant urge to perpetually talk the documented achievements of others down in a futile effort to make yourself out to be enlightened. For someone so woke, you’re ass is asleep at the wheel, take it out of cruise control there pasty.
@wendellgamstead4933
@wendellgamstead4933 6 месяцев назад
Excellent reply, Birddog, excellent . Well done !
@JohnJohnson-pq4qz
@JohnJohnson-pq4qz 6 месяцев назад
@@BirdDogg lol...a lot of BS trying to oscure the fact I was right...and "no" little drummer boys, just like "cabin boys" in the navvy were not supposed to see combat or anything else the adult men did. As for facts, read the confederacy's own laws prohibiting free blacks from serving. All the rest I have not spoken too, except the fact that a grown man put into children's service sounds degrading to me. If you are so proud of that, why don't you go and try to enlist in the Cub scouts It sounds like emotionally and intellectually you will fit right in.
@JohnJohnson-pq4qz
@JohnJohnson-pq4qz 6 месяцев назад
Besides, there is no evidence that he ever had any status other that 'servant" for his owner. look it up (of course that would take too much effort and refute the hooey) "The historical record is very clear as to Collier’s status in the Confederate army. Here is his pension application. You will notice that is specifically intended for former “servants.”"- you can see the documents on line and there is no mention of him being a "drummer" or anything else, except servent to his master Tom Hinds. Sounds like Collierr did some pretty cool stuff in his life, but serving in the confederate army was not one of them. Keep up the good lie.
@BirdDogg
@BirdDogg 6 месяцев назад
@@JohnJohnson-pq4qz Quite literally laughable and easily disproveable through period documentation and modern historians alike. It's not my job to educate you, but since you are so woefully misinformed I will give you a small introduction to reality with some direct information from period source material and modern historians along with their citations, prepared to get REKT by an Eagle Scout. (Yeah, I was an Eagle Scout). SOURCE MATERIAL ---->: "In the South, the continuing depletion of men from an already smaller army necessitated that the musicians be consolidated into smaller units and be required to carry weapons.(Marshall M. Brice, Stonewall Brigade Band, pg 35.) "Many of these youngsters dropped their drum or fife and picked up the weapon of a fallen comrade in the heat of a battle. During later battles, generals often counted on the boys as much as the men, especially when troops were scarce."Young boys became immortalized in many stories and songs, as the Civil War became nicknamed "the drummer boy's war." ( (Charles W. Bardeen, A Little Fifer's War Diary, pg 86.) "In addition to the long hours of musical responsibilities, band members bore many other duties. When they were not directly involved in the fighting, and many were, they were invaluable in guarding equipment and prisoners. Many times they assisted in cooking, for both the troops and the wounded. They were also employed as physical laborerssetting up field hospitals, collecting wood, and digging trenches; most were assigned to the medical staff, either as an assistant, a stretcher-bearer, or an orderly. Usually the bandsmen were "entailed in the grim task of caring for the wounded." (Official Records of the War of the Rebellion: Serial 014 Page 0053 Chapter XXIII. CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. - UNION) "Musicians enjoyed no more privileges than the common soldier. Initially, the rank of "musician" in Northern armies was comparable to that of private and was viewed negatively by many. In the South, musicians were generally assigned a somewhat more valuable status and were paid twelve dollars a month, one dollar more than a private." (Marshall M. Brice, The Stonewall Brigade Band (Verona, VA: McClure Printing, 1967), 27.) (Fun aside, black southern musicians made more than black soldiers in the union army.) Provide me one single reference with citation to dispute this.....
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