au means arbitrary units, i.e. not to scale. This unit is adopted when we don't care for the y-axis values, or when our plot is as y-offset plot, or when we plot multiple plots without caring for their intensities. Thanks
Sir I really have doubt about the accuracy of the current method due to the following reasons: 1. The crystalline peak regions manually marked may not represent the exact crystalline areas. So better to use peak fitting. 2. Sum of crystalline areas could be equal to the total area of the plot leading to almost 100% crystallinity for a semi-crystalline material. Similar results were observed by me during the similar calculations done by me. 3. Why not to initially subtract the amorphous area from the plot as the considered crystalline area specially in amorphous sample seems inaccurate. Could you please provide a reference for the current adopted method? I would appreciate your valuable comments. Thanks in advance
Thank you for your detailed feedback. You raise valid points about the accuracy of the manual marking of crystalline regions and the importance of peak fitting to avoid overestimating crystallinity. Subtracting the amorphous area first is indeed a more accurate approach. However, this is the usual way of calculation. While it's better to consider your suggestions and provide a reference for the method used in. Thanks again!
Ur viduo and explanation is treasure to me, thank u aton, it was so clear and helpful, if i may ask, can we smooth XRD data and use the new smooth data in the crystallinity index calculation or should only use the data directly from XRD device? Thanks again
Better it to be the raw data as it will have more info. Although you'll have to subtract instrumental factors, noise if any etc. I have recorded tutorials on all of them which are in the playlist. Thanks for the appreciation dear
@@SAYPhysics thank u, if i may ask also, i bought nanoparticles and the labled said its 99 %purity, then after calculating crystallinity index it was 92%, can this occur? As these numbers not match
Hi Sir, I read ref I've seen almost they use Segal method. By the way, I would like to ask about Segal method calculate crystallinity index (CrI) from XRD data. 1. Do you have ref/book about how to calculate CrI from XRD data using Segal method (I mean tutorial). 2. Could you explain about how to calculate CrI from XRD data using Segal method. I've read about this method but I couldn't understand how to calculate? 3. Could you compare Segal method and this method you use in this video ? 4. When was we use this method and Segal method? 5. Which is best method to calculate CrI (I mean this method and Segal). 6. Is it method could use for almost materials (because I've seen this method use for inorganic materials, seldom use for polymer- example cellulose material) I hope I would receive yours answer soon. Thanks so much.
It is very helpful. Thank you very much for making this content. I have an amorphous material and I am confused about how to make a baseline for my sample. I would be grateful if you are willing to discuss it with me. Thank you.
Thanks for the appreciation dear Vianti. For the baseline correction I have already shared a couple of videos. Please go through them and I hope your problem will be resolved. If not, you may ask me anytime. Thanks ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-0PUTB0IhlWw.html ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-MYYi_PhdKdA.html
In an amorphous material, how to know how far to consider the area of the peak that is formed since it is not very well defined. thank you for the video.
To be honest, this viduo helped me so much in my work, if i may ask is their a "unit" to the area of crystallinity peak and area of amorphous hollows, or its without unit, i was wondering if i missed reading it, thank u so much
Thank you for your comment! Adjusting the curve of the diffractogram to obtain a smoother curve is indeed an option that can be considered during the analysis of XRD data. Smoothing the curve can help in improving the visualization of the data and reducing any noise or fluctuations that might be present. However, it's important to exercise caution when applying smoothing techniques. The choice of smoothing parameters should be carefully determined to avoid distorting the underlying XRD peaks or introducing artifacts. Smoothing should be done in a way that preserves the integrity of the diffraction pattern and maintains the accuracy of subsequent calculations, such as the calculation of crystallinity index. Thanks
sir thyank you sir for this and i knew how to find crystalinity but sir my next question is how to represent it as you have shown in the paper for resefernce . in that it has been as a deconvulation type of peak. so can i say that i will crystallinity as ur method and in paper i have to also attach the deconvulation pattern. pls kindly reply sir
Thanks for the appreciation dear. It's up to you how you manage to design your figure with certain information. In case you'd like to show your plot in deconvoluted form, I have a video tutorial on that too. Thanks
Thank you I watched your video on how to calculate the crystal size also. My question is :when calculating crystal size I need substracted line or smooth the data or I more accurate use the data as it ?is
great video, but the crystallinity of a material depends both on the intensity of the peak and the location of the peak, but in this video u only demonstrate the intensity of the peak in the calculation of the crystallinity index, though if a material diffracts after 2 alpha = 20, then this will be considered as a low crystallinity. is this true?
Thanks for the appreciation. Here, in calculating the CI, we not only consider the intensity but also the FWHM (as we use area under the curve). Location of a peak in the calculation of the CI have no effect as it's the ratio of the area of crystalline to crystalline plus amorphous peaks. Thanks
Nice and very informative video. Can you please make a video to find Crystallinity index of XRD Data having Amorphous plus crystalline structure. like in case of glass having some crystalline content in it. Thanks.
The crystallinity index measures the degree of long-range order in a crystalline material, while the volume fraction measures the proportion of the sample that is crystalline. I don't have any video on volume fraction. Thanks
You're welcome. I'll go with OriginLab as I don't have a registered version of Minitab. I hope the options will not be that different, as OriginLab is a globally used software. Thanks
Thank you! If a crystalline internal standard is used in the QXRD analysis, I assume this mass % must be subtracted from the final result for CI? Much appreciate your videos.
There's no specific range or boundary, rather, it depends on the sample requirements. Like if we're synthesizing a single crystal, then even if few percent comes as amorphous, it's not a good sample then. Thanks
I have an amorphous material that presented two peaks. Should I calculate the crystallinity index similar to your last example (adding the area of the two peaks)? Thank you so much for your video.
Thank you for the explanation! I have a question: for my research I need to analyze a pattern where I have Si and Cu peaks. I am only interested in the crystallinity of the Si, how can I find that without including the Cu in my calculations? The Cu peaks do not change in my measurements.
No I mean in case of samples with both crystalline and amorphous minerals. How to calculate the amorphous content of a particular element (e.g silica or alumina only)? Total amorphous content will give me summation of all amorphous content of different chemicals
I don't think so that from a single composite pattern one can calculate for an individual ingredient. May be with some sort of deconvolution it can be done but I don't know how to do it. Thanks
hello sir. nice explanation. I have one question, as you have calculated the area of each peak then it will be required to add an area of all the peaks and then it will be subtracted from the total area of the Amorphous and crystalline peaks.
Thanks for the appreciation dear. Yes, you're right. Please check the video description in which I have attached an Excel file for the calculations. Thanks
Dear Sir Thanks for your very helpful video, but I have a question. What is the reference of the equation that you used to calculate the crystallinity degree (index)?
Thanks for the appreciation dear. These equations are easily available in literature. If you need a specific reference for example, let me know I'll provide you. Thanks
Though it depends on the nature of baseline. However, in many cases I have observed user-defined to be the best option. You do with both and then plot both to see your calculations. Thanks
Dear sir I'm a medical biotechnologist and have some xrd data to interprete.i cannot download and get access to origin software living in Iran. How can I get the software
@@mehranalam1274 But I guess if you go through a article "enhanced anticorrosion and antiwear properties of Ti6al4v alloy with laser texture and graphene coating" there it is given as area under the curve same as crystallinity
@@SAYPhysics But, how come in your video, for the amorphous glass, the baseline correction is not required? Can you explain more on what situation is the the baseline correction is required?
why do people keep doing this with origin? that peak there you picked is already a combined result from both crystalline and amorphous. and also for the rest of area you integrated, it all is mixed-up reflection resultants from both crystalline and amorphous. e.g. a-SiO2 and c-SiO2. it is not degree of crystallinity. you can't calculate it like that. unless there is super well-grown crystalline and the peak you chose is exclusively from that crystalline while the rest of xrd pattern represents the amorphous phase of different materials. You just can't use this in real life application. well, perhaps only for students who practice how this work.
Thank you for your comment. You're right; in real-world applications, determining crystallinity can be more complex due to mixed reflections from both crystalline and amorphous phases. However, this tutorial is designed as a simplified example for students to understand the basic concept. Real-world scenarios often involve more intricate analyses, considering factors like specific material properties and phase contributions. It's crucial for learners to grasp the fundamentals before delving into more advanced applications.