It will hold up to some rain and moisture, but repeated rain might wear down the sealer. Probably best to keep it at least in a partially covered area.
If you want to preserve the artwork on the outside you can use a product called Triple Thick that will give it a shine it is a glaze. Even so, if you are going to plant the soil in the pot even if you put mod podge inside the water will eventually seep through. Also it is an indoor pot only.
Thanks for the tips. I use triple thick to seal my outdoor pots and have a video on how and why to seal them inside and out so the water won't ruin the art work.