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what happened with hawaiian also kinda happened with a lot of sign languages. i’ll focus on ASL. they didn’t need to worry about the first few steps since basically all users of ASL are already americans many schools banned the use of ASL in favor of forcing Deaf children to read lips and speak they didn’t make tv shows in ASL, silent movies were being phased out, and then captions were really hard to get on the majority of media Alexander Graham Bell had the idea of Deaf people only marrying hearing people to have less Deaf children (classic eugenics move there) and then they waited but now it’s coming back, being taught in schools, and even some video games, ads, etc have the option for someone signing in the corner instead of english captions so yeah i think ASL had one of the most impressive revivals so far.
As a Galician, I really liked that small detail in the map at 902 were you included us with Portugal and Brazil. We Galicians would feel very comfortable and cozy in this union.
As another galician I'd like to suggest another item to the list. Remove local elites. Worked wonders in medieval to modern Galicia and I hear something similar happened in Hawaiʻi. Vamos Brasil!
@@manuelomil2140 the thing with removing local elites is that some of them would be practical and try to maintaine their power so you(as a conqueror could just tax them and not invest energy and political will like US did post civil war). I am half-romanian,replacing local elites kind of happened here in Transylvania under the french king of Hungary where he purged the ideological elites(the one who didn't want to convert from orthodox christianity to papism) and keep the ones who are "practical" and do convert their religion,then maybe give the seized lands to them and other elites. The romanian/vlach elites of Transylvania were the first to be magyarised (amongst the romanian community),ex:John Hunyade.
I absolutely died when I saw the stonks meme in Hawaiian, it’s so unexpected. As a Native Hawaiian, I’m glad Hawaii’s getting recognition for its biogeography (Atlas Pro), history (AlternateHistory), language (you, LangFocus, etc.), and so much more. Mahalo nui, ā mana’olana wau i ho’omaika’i Ke Akua iā ‘oe🤙🏾
Cajun French was spoken as like, the only language in Southwest Louisiana 2-3 generations ago. The only things they had to do to endanger it were outlaw it in schools, lower its social standing, and wait.
@DropkicktheDecepticon WOOOOAH slow down with the xenophobia there, and don't just make shit up about other people's cultural history either. just about everything you said is very blatantly and offensively wrong. FIRST OFF: french was the majority language through a lot of the early 1900's, large-scale immigration had nothing to do with the downfall of cajun and creole french, no cajun has ever unironically blamed fucking immigration because we all KNOW the people who went through the prohibition era education system. like, literally it wasn't even that long ago. the actual reason why cajun french disappeared, no seriously go ask ANY cajun, is school policy. in 1921, a section of the louisiana constitution protecting french education in primary and secondary school was repealed and from that point forward everyone had to be taught in english whether they knew english or not, which they most certainly did not. www.crt.state.la.us/cultural-development/codofil/about/french-in-louisiana/legal-status/index speaking french meant beatings. language the "i will not speak french" blackboard is a very common symbol for cajuns showing how our culture was stamped out in schools. www.topela.eu/pages/en/the-cajun-festival/cadians-cajuns-whats-that.php#:~:text=Under%20T.,century%2C%20studded%20with%20English%20words. if you're ever in the lafayette louisiana area and feel like actually learning history instead of pulling shit out of your ass, please consider visiting Vermillionville (named after the old name of Lafayette.) it's a fantastic outdoor museum showcasing real cajun and creole homes from the area and telling the stories of the people and the cultures who lived there. the house my aforementioned paternal grandfather lived in was actually preserved as part of this museum, you can go inside it. they also have an old schoolhouse where they have an "i will not speak french" blackboard because it's something LITERALLY EVERY CAJUN knows about. bayouvermiliondistrict.org/visit/ no seriously, go to Vermillionville. like, actually. SECOND OFF: what do you MEAN there's no revitalization projects? the STATE OF LOUISIANA partnered with LA FRANCOPHONIE set up a MASSIVE french immersion program to reintroduce the language into the younger generations. this program allowed my first cousin to connect with some of our oldest relatives when she went through it in the 90's, it's been a very powerful tool in bridging the gaps between the generations who lost their langue and the generations who were never taught it. www.crt.state.la.us/cultural-development/codofil/programs/french-immersion/index beyond that, cajuns just really want to revive their language! we care a lot about this and lots of us who weren't in immersion are learning anyway just because we care so much about getting our language back. this loss of culture is felt throughout the entire community. please do some bare minimum research before just saying shit next time, and leave your weird hatred of immigrants out of it.
Irish is dying out mainly because most of the younger irish people don't want to use it. Today irish can be used freely but it is still in decline. The most important part of language growth is the attitude of the younger group. Catalan and Welsh are growing while Irish is not.
I like how this is basically just a tutorial on how to be a supervillain. I support employing this strategy on the French Language. Maybe not to complete elimination, But giving them a taste of their own medicine can't hurt.
This presumes that, because the majority of people in the French empire spoke French, that it was French people that were in control of their country When you consider that the empire was driven by economic forces imposed by a minority of internationals that spoke another language, it becomes clear that the language spoken by the masses is not always the one calling the shots (consider liturgical languages like academic Mandarin compared to other dialects like Cantonese, Vatican Latin, or Sanskrit)
I mean .. the same is happening to Corsicans and Bretons ... and the Sami (although less in recent year but for a long time speaking sami was strictly illegal in Norway)
It's especially stupid cause we don't even have я and ь in Serbian. Also I get it was a joke but I'm a bit tired of the representation of Serbia as a state that for some reason despises minorities more than others in Europe, even though they get 2 autonomous provinces and education, signage and media in their language. I'm quite sure the only minority we thoroughly dissappeared were unfortunately the Donauschwaben, which was predictably during WWII.
It wouldn't be practical for Ireland to be a mainly Irish speaking country again given the widespread English speaking citizens already in Ireland and other countries in the E.U.
ok, this is how to destroy a language. but i was hoping this would be about how to *overthrow* a language, like to usurp the place of a language currently ruling over you. like, how could welsh and other minority languages in the uk dislodge english from its dominant position in the country? you told us how to do colonialism, do you have any ideas about how to do decolonialism?
Welsh could overpower English in Wales. It may depend on how the local population feel about it. Catalan looked like it was going to do for Castilian Spanish in the Spanish part of Catalonia, but migration from other parts of Spain and the rest of the world may have put a brake on that (i.e. you know someone speaks Spanish but don't know if or not they speak Catalan. Even if you know both, which do you use?),
@@chrisamies2141 I'm Catalan, it sucks because it used to be illegal to speak it and now especially in larger areas it's considered "rude" to some degree, but outside of some parts of the bigger cities like Barcelona and Tarragona I hear 85-95% Catalan. I don't speak Spanish though because my dad left Catalonia and raised me with only Catalan, so I just speak Catalan and hope they understand
You could overthrow Danish in a way simpler manner. Like you said, have Brazil and Portugal reunite so Brazil is part of the EU. Then instead of hoping its economy improves, just let things be and have hundreds of thousands of Brazilians move to Europe. If destruction of Danish is an actual government policy goal, try to steer the migration toward Denmark and just sit and wait. Denmark won't stand a chance
hey dude, great video, very informative on a (in my opinion) very important topic, as well as very overlooked one when it comes to stuff like colonialism alternatively tho, id love to ask, could you make a video about how a country could stablish a lingua franca *without* killing off small local languages? like, if there is a country, with an incredibly high ammount of small languages, how could the goverment of that country stablish a language for all its residents to learn, without accidentally destroying those many small languages by accident, or even, is it posible to do so without hurting the ammount of language speakers of the small languages at all?
Great video. But I, being from Wales (and speaks Welsh), have a question as the example you gave of Hawaii being revived after only being under the US for about 150 years. Wales was fully incorporated into England in 1536, and the Welsh language was banned, until the 1960s? How did the Welsh language survive for almost 400 years under these conditions?
And the only source I can find on the Uighur being banned in schools/without official status is Radio Free Asia, which is notoriously unreliable. Many Chinese citizens on the internet say otherwise. Can't even watch a linguistics video without false neoliberal propaganda.
@@cranque__7737 somehow uyghur is opressed although it has co-official status and millions can speak it and learn it, but hawaiian is an example of language revival because some guys are trying single handedly to avoid its death
Helped how? The only time Ukrainian wasn't oppressed in the USSR was when Lenin was alive, before the soviet russification there was way more speakers of Ukrainian over all the Caucasus and exterior Machuria, same goes to Belarusyan and every other language besides the one spoke in Moscow.
china can't derogate their linguistic freedom clause because there are a lot of non-mandarin languages spoken in china (such as wu, or cantonese), and it would be just a political nightmare if all of their speakers felt that they were going to be uyghured.
The Chinese government have implemented bi-lingual education in most regions of Xinjiang. The bi-lingual education system teaches Xinjiang's students all STEM classes using only Mandarin Chinese, or a combination of Uighur and Chinese. About 80 newspapers and magazines are available in Uyghur; five TV channels and ten publishers serve as the Uyghur media.
@@aitorherrera5937 The Chinese government admits that they're running internment camps in their own documents. Even Marxists admit to this - search "China's Concentration Camps For Uyghurs: In China's Own Words" on cpiml.net
This is exactly what happened in Taiwan as well, nationalists from China killed our languages doing precisely everything mentioned in this video. I really have to compliment Chinese people for how absolutely perfectly they master the art of overthrowing languages.
@@dropkickthedecepticon4009 Yes, there are many indigenous Formosan languages spoken on the island (though they're a separate branch of the Austronesian family from the Polynesian languages). I didn't mention them though since I was only listing the major Chinese topolects in Taiwan.
There is at least some Uyghur language media. The Xinjiang Daily is published in Uyghur (among other languages) and Xinjiang Television (XJTV) have channels in Uyghur, as do the Ürümqi Television station (and probably others, I haven't checked). There are also films released in Uyghur. Obviously there is far more access to Mandarin media however, and it's use is definitely encouraged.
What I was thinking the whole time, Aromanian/Vlach, Slavic/Macedonian, Arvanite/Albanian, Turkish, heck even other varieties of Greek like Tsakonian and Anatolian/Pontic varieties.
ancient greece and ancient rome were colonial empires and screwed over many many areas ethnicities and cultures although maybe im just still salty about rome expelling jews from israel and causing the diaspora…
Mahalo no ka hōʻike i ka hōʻola hou ʻana o ka ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi. As a Haole who has been learning Hawaiian for about 2 years, I recognized much of the process you were talking about about the Uyghur language and its relation to Hawaiian. Hawaiian still has a long way to go when it comes to reclaiming its original status, but we're getting there!
In Xinjiang, all schools are allowed to be conducted at least partially in Uyghur, and all regional government facilities, including the courts, are allowed to be conducted in that language as well, along with workplaces. I really wouldn't trust Wikipedia when it comes to any sort of news about contemporary China. In general, the idea that standard Mandarin Chinese is forcibly usurping all other dialects has, at best, been overblown. I have worked in many places in China where local dialects are spoken even in official/educational capacities, and there is no punishment. However, there is a tendency to encourage speaking standard Mandarin Chinese in many contexts due to the fact that Chinese dialects differ so widely from place to place. This isn't like in the United States, where different dialects of English are pretty much all mutually intelligible. In China, it is exceedingly important for there to be one language everyone is fluent in, otherwise people won't be able to understand each other. The reason for the encouragement of Standard Mandarin is practical, and not this evil cartoonish motivation that many Western individuals love placing on China whenever they can, whether it's founded or not.
This is a really great video, and a topic people should be hearing about (but they hardly ever do). Thanks for talking about it. I bet you could come up with 50 episodes to cover particular examples if you wanted. I found a really interesting book called Multilingualism by Kristine Horner & Jean-Jacques Weber. I recommend it to everyone. It's an eye opener.
You should’ve used the picture of any Turkish leader when mentioning Balkan strategies. It would’ve been more representative. There were a number of languages spoken in Asia Minor that were effectively replaced by Turkish by a variety of “methods”.
This brings a lot of attention to an important issue but as someone from the Balkans I take issue with your characterization of ethnic cleansing as a "Balkan method" since the rest of Europe is rife with similar examples. I don't see why people associate these horrors with the Balkans; if the Balkans are to be singled out for anything it's that many governments were enthusiastic about following Western-made ethnostate blueprints. This sort of orientalism isn't needed.
Step 9: The native speakers of the language you're trying to overthrow have now revolted and taken over your government, and now your language is endangered. Oops.
This is basically what France has done with Catalan, Occitan, Basque, Bretón, Flemish and Franconian during the last hundred years, and what has pretended to do since the French Revolution
Even if you follow this list it won't always work. This is what happened in Poland during the partitions, when for over a hundred years there was no country of Poland and the respective regions were russificated and germanized and the Polish language was banned or prosecuted. But people kept their national identity and they kept teaching their children in secret, so after regaining of independence we can all speak Polish again.
Also, having part of the language speakers in the area that allows for it's usage in publications (Austria in Polish case, also with Ukrainian case) makes situation much harder (well, used to since in modern day governments have way more methods of direct control than before).
On a less cultural genocide-y note, I am happy to see that education in a language can do a lot to promote it - I would assume even if it does not come at the expense of the other language. French Immersion is steadily growing in popularity in English Canada, which I think is a very good thing because historically in most of the country there have been a LOT of French speakers (Métis in my area for example), but at the moment there are not a lot outside Québec. So perhaps the whole education in a language thing can help de-overthrow a language here - I suppose time will tell. :)
This is a topic I'm very interested in for my own conlang project, which is a sort of dark reflection of Esperanto. With that project, I'm going for more of an Arabic or Turkish model of widespread language replacement.
@DropkicktheDecepticon it works like the mirror universe in Star Trek. However bad you think something is, it can always be worse if you strip out the idealism 😀
@DropkicktheDecepticon no, not really. Newspeak isn't really a conlang, it's a thought experiment on the use of language to warp thought and perception, which depends on certain base assumptions about how that would work in practice. Plus it's only a language for Oceania, not the whole world 😀. What's more interesting, in my opinion, is to look at language as a kind of a zero sum game and replicate historically-attested power driven processes of language replacement, only with a conlang instead of a natural language as the vehicle. I have a made-for-TV conlang winding up the lingua franca of an oligarchic global hegemony, set during the transition period towards wide-scale replacement of most natural languages.
@DropkicktheDecepticon no more so than the Arab conquests, for example... I was going more for distressing than depressing. Life has gone on. It's not incredibly different than the economics and systems of social control and the promotion of standard "national" languages in the 19th century. It just stomps all over stuff that we care about.
Uighur language is still an official language of Xinjiang, school education is done in Uighur as well. Though the number of schools in Uighur is decreasing. I mean there are schools in Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tajik and Mongol languages in Xinjiang. I'm not advocating for China, it's just not entirely true
Ur constant and persistent jabs on Denmark are just 👌 - PS I have nothing against the Danish ppl I don't actually know any danish folk ( I assume that they are lovely simply due to the high scores Denmark receives in things like education and happiness, social mobility, etc) & also the sisters from there look 👌(based on the fan camera rolls I've seen whilst watching footie)
Leaving aside the arguments surrounding whether Cajun French is a language in its own right rather than a dialect of French, the anglophones in the cities and Louisiana state government (“les américains” as the Cajuns in South Louisiana used to call them) gave French speakers there so much crap in the early 20th century and outlawed the language from government documents and schools, as also happened in many other ethnic enclaves during this time of forced assimilation which precipitated from other nationalistic world events of the time. It follows your formula almost exactly. Eerily. Down to the number of generations it takes to really disappear. Our grandparents could speak French and English. Our parents can understand French and speak English. Our generation cannot understand French. Sad
it’s neither a dialect or separate language, it’s definitely French and they use a few different words from the languages around it. I can speak and understand basic French, and I understand Cajun French speakers with perfect clarity.
@@blade7506 I agree completely. I think the language used TODAY by the young can be a little broken, and so people say it’s a pidgin with English. However, if it’s a mixed language, it’s only because recent native speakers are dwindling and so the young who learn as a 2nd language are using anglicismes as a crutch. My great grandparents spoke very good French, and they were Cajun
Break Through News has made some really good videos about Xinjiang. America would have provided a much better example in this situation, seeing as how we have actually killed so many. You kind of just glossed over that. Also, the USSR went out of its way to respect religious diversity. Inventing Reality and Manufacturing Consent are each books that more Americans and westerners should read. Rich people use the media to limit the ways that people look at any given situation. Hawaii didn't want to be part of the US. Rich Americans overthrew the monarchy and installed themselves as leaders, then asked to join the United States. I am sure you genuinely care about whatever you think China is up to, but I don't think you really have any control over what goes on there, but your own government is doing genuinely horrifying things for a really long time. We should probably worry more about that since that's the only situation we have any hope of changing.
So be more concerned about the past than the present? And Russofication was an issue in the USSR. You are polite for a China and USSR apologist, so props for that atleast.
@@willjapheth23789 who said anything about America's evils being only in the past? We are still murdering people for profit and subjugating racialized minorities.
@justinwatson1510 which language is purposely being destroyed in the US? China and the USSR did empire building even while they claimed to be anti imperialist. The US, China, and Russia are all guilty of doing what empires do, but the US is not doing anything on the scale of what China is doing in non Han areas of China, currently. Your whole point seemed to be let's ignore this blatant example of language colonialism because the US was guilty of it too, which was mentioned by the dude. The main language issues in the US currently are various xenophobic voters in the US, who may try to go after some languages. But for the most part the US has been trending towards a more culturally flexible society, whereas China is trending towards an enforced homogenized society.
@@willjapheth23789 how many indigenous languages were lost? The point I am trying to make is that we have no control over what happens in China, and we cannot trust the media to give us an honest description of what is happening. If you think I am exaggerating, please read Manufacturing Consent or ask your parents about WMDs.
@justinwatson1510 probably a decent amount throughout the Americas. You almost sound conservative with can't 'trust the MSM'. I'm aware there is an excess of anti China bias, but I recognize the Chinese state will do what's in their best interest, to them. Spreading the common dialect (mandarin) is in their best interest for control and economic efficiency. We know re-education camps happened in the US and Canada, it's not that hard to believe China is doing something similar to their cultural minorities. It's just how empires work, sometimes, depending on the rule class's culture. Sometimes, the ruling class does embrace pluralism as a means of forming unity, but that doesn't seem to be the case in China currently.
reminds me of how Spanish became pretty much unspoken in the Philippines in just a couple of generations (with the exception of some loan words and catchphrases), through the same US tactics done in Hawaii
The scary part is that China is increasing its economic power in Europe in recent times…who know what that brings in the years to come… 2050…arrival to Paris, France and get greeted by some French people with “欢迎来到法国”
Brazilian and linguist here. Don't worry about danish, we are already too busy ovethrowing our own indigenous languages 😢(and possibly reviving them yoo) check the work of the Linguist Wilmar D'angelis from the university of Campinas.
Point 6 obviously worked like this in the 19th and early 20th century but not nowadays. Nowadays you will of cause keep it in an official status and show how much you care about it, by translating all name-of-village and similar signs into it and also host occasional culture festivals where people while experience the language next to "old fashion things nobody does anymore". This will make sure, you obfuscate your intended language murder. Of course in serious stuff like safety instructions, laws, court proceedings etc. you make sure that it is no longer used, but you argue by "its impractical because so few people speak it, etc.".
As a Brazilian, I would be already happy if we recognized our indigenous languages as official languages... and maybe take control of Portugal for 300 years and make then speak Tupi and Guarani, just as small payback /jk
It’s actually very easy to overthrow a language, Icelandic is dying because of social media and not enough recognition of Icelandic. Even though Iceland is very isolated it’s still on the list of extinction. We have changed so many words that don’t need changing all because of English and only there was more Icelandic translation in media today the problem wouldn’t be as big.
You are forgetting that Greenland speaks Danish & Inuit. Nuuk has a university there. The Inuit Circumpolar Council would suddenly form a nation out of Nuuk & take over the Danish speaking hospital as well. Nanook would write the new national anthem. Those brothers speak both languages.... good luck Portugal against a viking inuit alliance lol!!!
some languages in malaysia is also dying, but not because of oppressive government. The government in the state with those dying languages didn't do anything to strengthen their culture until it's too late. Many youths are learning the national language and there are barely any attempt to popularize that language all over the state. The ONLY time they used ONE of those languages everywhere is during the election. Good job, guys.
@@ramanujsarkar Tibetan is severely interdicted by China and all signage must be in Chinese. In addition China is moving large numbers of ethnic chinese people into Tibet in order to attempt the annihilation of the natives by infinite dilution. Paradoxically it was the 'learn from the past' doctrine that allowed Tibetan culture to be commercialized after a long period of active destruction.
same process happened inside the so called "Han" Chinese too as the Mandarin speaking colonists took over and overthrown those indigenous "dialect"-speaking barbarians
not really. the only thing here, as far as i know, is the mass flooding of people and that was done mainly as refugees from the holocaust, many other ongoing genocides of jewish people, and mass expulsion of mizrahi jews in neighboring states (namely yemen) not tryna support israels occupation of gaza and the west bank, but this is simply not applicable. majority of signs and governmental things in israel are in both arabic and hebrew, there is plenty of arabic and palestinian media, and gaza and the west bank are still their own countries (although the settlements among other things are clear attempts to stop the existence of a palestinian state) connecting something bad as being reminiscent of israel when it really has nothing to do with what israel has been doing to palestine is kind of stupid, and makes it seem like you care more about just villifying and hating israel and israelis than you do about helping palestinians…
This was very ignorant, there is a lot of media in uyghur language, especially news and all government services in ethnic autonomous regions can be accesed in the ethnic languages, all sign in the streets are bilingual also in the newly built metro. In the past in uyghur and other ethnic schools all the education until high school was in the ethnic language, it was in 2018-2020 this was reversed but kids still have one class of their ethnic language, up until high school. What you are saying her it's extremely harmful, it seems like you would like the Chinese government to extermine uyghur language only to proof to yourself that it is evil, there is not extermination of non-chinese languages inside China.
Shhh you're refuting the talking points of Western neoliberal think tanks! Chyna bad for challenging Western capitalist hegemony and we must fund overt and covert regime change operations in Tibet, Xinjiang, and Hong Kong to destabilize the CCP!! And when Chyna cracks down on said urgencies, even if it's in a rational manner and 1000x more humane than the West's continued history of genocide, imperialism, colonialism, and racism, we push contrived and tenuous propaganda narratives crying human rights abuse!!
Excuse me, I have a question sir. The Roma language checks almost every step of your process and yet the roma people still speak it. How come it's still alive and how do we oppress them better?
Something I thought of that’s related is creating a dictionary company for abjads and then making it so the the vowels shown in the pronunciation are different for each individual dictionary made, causing millions of people to go crazy over which pronunciation Is correct. (This would work because vowels aren’t shown in abjad scripts)
@@Periwinkleaccount Interesting you say that. In official documents, sometimes Hebrew speakers change the spelling of certain words to avoid spies from decoding it. For example, the word for Israel, ישראל, might get spelt יסרעל because it sounds the same or even ייעסרל because they've just switched around the letters
