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Common rail fuel injection pump (supply pump)
The common rail type pump has been developed to meet strict exhaust gas regulations in the 21st century. This system consists of a supply pump, common rail, electronically controlled injectors, various sensors to detect the running condition of the engine and a computer (ECU) to control these devices. The supply pump is driven by the engine and produces high-pressure fuel. An injector is mounted on each cylinder of the engine and the high-pressure fuel from the supply pump is distributed to each injector by the common rail.
Diesel Pioneers
At the forefront of Diesel technology, DENSO’s superior R&D investment has helped to pioneer increasingly efficient, powerful and reliable Diesel engines with minimal emissions.
Our achievements include:
1995: DENSO pioneers the world’s first Diesel Common-Rail system.
2002: DENSO introduces the world’s first 1800-bar Diesel Common Rail fuel system.
2005: DENSO introduces the world’s first 1800-bar Diesel Common Rail fuel system with highly responsive Piezo Injectors, providing even better combustion performance.
FUNCTION OF DIESEL FUEL INJECTION
The fuel injection system lies at the very heart of the diesel engine. By pressurising and injecting the fuel, the system forces it into air that has been compressed to high pressure in the combustion chamber.
The diesel fuel injection system consists of:
fuel injection pump - pressurises fuel to high pressure
high-pressure pipe - sends fuel to the injection nozzle
injection nozzle - injects the fuel into the cylinder
feed pump - sucks fuel from the fuel tank
fuel filter - filtrates the fuel
Some types of fuel tanks also have a fuel sedimentor at the bottom of the filter to separate water content from the fuel.
Functions of the system
The diesel fuel injection system has four main functions:
Feeding fuel
Pump elements such as the cylinder and plunger are built into the injection pump body. The fuel is compressed to high pressure when the cam lifts the plunger, and is then sent to the injector.
Adjusting fuel quantity
In diesel engines the intake of air is almost constant, irrespective of the rotating speed and load. If the injection quantity is changed with the engine speed and the injection timing is constant, the output and fuel consumption change. Since the engine output is almost proportional to the injection quantity, this is adjusted by the accelerator pedal.
Adjusting injection timing
Ignition delay is the period of time between the point when the fuel is injected, ignited and combusted and when maximum combustion pressure is reached. As this period of time is almost constant, irrespective of engine speed, a timer is used to adjust and change injection timing - enabling optimum combustion to be achieved.
Atomising fuel
When fuel is pressurised by the injection pump and then atomised from the injection nozzle, it mixes thoroughly with air, thus improving ignition. The result is complete combustion.
7 сен 2024
