Hybridization is defined as the intermixing of atomic orbitals with the same energy levels to give the same number of a new type of hybrid orbitals
Type of hybridization :- sp,sp2 ,sp3,sp3d,sp3d2.............
sp Hybridization
It occurs when one s and one p orbital in an atom’s main shell combine to form two new equivalent orbitals. The newly formed orbitals are known as sp hybridized orbitald
It’s also known as diagonal hybridization.
Each sp hybridized orbital contains the same amount of s and p characters. All beryllium compounds, such as BeF2, BeH2, and BeCl2,
sp2 Hybridization
It occurs when one s and two p orbitals of the same atom’s shell combine to form three equivalent orbitals.
The newly formed orbitals are known as sp2 hybrid orbitals. It’s also known as trigonal hybridization
Each hybrid orbital formed has a 33.33 % and a 66.66 % ‘p’ character.
The molecules with a triangular planar shape have a central atom that is linked to three other atoms and is sp2 hybridized. Boron compounds are examples.
sp3 Hybridization
When one ‘s’ orbital and three ‘p’ orbitals from the same shell of an atom combine to form four new equivalent orbitals, the hybridization is known as tetrahedral hybridization or sp3 eg - methane
sp3d Hybridization
The mixing of 1s orbitals, 3p orbitals, and 1d orbitals results in 5 sp3d hybridized orbitals of equal energy. Their geometry is trigonal bipyramidal. The combination of s, p, and d orbitals results in trigonal bipyramidal symmetry. eg :- pcl5
sp3d2Hybridization
When 1s, 3p, and 2d orbitals combine to form 6 identical sp3d2 hybrid orbitals, the hybridization is called sp3d2 Hybridization. These seven orbitals point to the corners of an octahedron. They are inclined at a 90-degree angle to one another.eg - mo(co)6
sp3d3 Hybridization
It has 1s, 3p, and 3d orbitals, which combine to form 7 identical sp3d3 hybrid orbitals. These seven orbitals point to the corners of a pentagonal bipyramidal. e.g. IF6.
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sp3d3 Hybridization
It has 1s, 3p, and 3d orbitals, which combine to form 7 identical sp3d3 hybrid orbitals. These seven orbitals point to the corners of a pentagonal bipyramidal. e.g. IF6.
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23 фев 2024
