Hyperkaliémie - Pseudo-HyperK - Clinique ECG - Étiologies - Traitement - Docteur Synapse 

Hyperkaliémie - Pseudo-HyperK - Clinique ECG - Étiologies - Traitement - Docteur Synapse
Références :
1. Mount DB, Zandi-Nejad K. Disorders of potassium balance. In: Brenner and Rector's The Kidney, 9th Ed, WB Saunders & Company, Philadelphia 2011. p.640.
2. Rose BD, Post TW. Clinical Physiology of Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders, 5th ed, Mc-Graw Hill, New York 2001. p.913.
3. Kamel KS, Wei C. Controversial issues in the treatment of hyperkalaemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003; 18:2215.
4. Evers S, Engelien A, Karsch V, Hund M. Secondary hyperkalaemic paralysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998; 64:249.
5. Freeman SJ, Fale AD. Muscular paralysis and ventilatory failure caused by hyperkalaemia. Br J Anaesth 1993; 70:226.
6. Montague BT, Ouellette JR, Buller GK. Retrospective review of the frequency of ECG changes in hyperkalemia. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 3:324.
7. Acker CG, Johnson JP, Palevsky PM, Greenberg A. Hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients: causes, adequacy of treatment, and results of an attempt to improve physician compliance with published therapy guidelines. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158:917.
8. Szerlip HM, Weiss J, Singer I. Profound hyperkalemia without electrocardiographic manifestations. Am J Kidney Dis 1986; 7:461.
9. Surawicz B, Chlebus H, Mazzoleni A. Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic effects of hyperpotassemia. Differences in response to slow and rapid increases in concentration of plasma K. Am Heart J 1967; 73:647.
10. Aslam S, Friedman EA, Ifudu O. Electrocardiography is unreliable in detecting potentially lethal hyperkalaemia in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002; 17:1639.
11. Somers MP, Brady WJ, Perron AD, Mattu A. The prominent T wave: electrocardiographic differential diagnosis. Am J Emerg Med 2002; 20:243.
12. Arnsdorf MF. Electrocardiogram in Hyperkalemia: electrocardiographic pattern of anteroseptal myocardial infarction mimicked by hyperkalemia-induced disturbance of impulse conduction. Arch Intern Med 1976; 136:1161.
13. Bashour T, Hsu I, Gorfinkel HJ, et al. Atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction in hyperkalemia. Am J Cardiol 1975; 35:199.
14. Greenberg A. Hyperkalemia: treatment options. Semin Nephrol 1998; 18:46.
15. Mattu A, Brady WJ, Robinson DA. Electrocardiographic manifestations of hyperkalemia. Am J Emerg Med 2000; 18:721.
16. Berne RM, Levy MN. Cardiovascular Physiology, 4th ed, Mosby, St. Louis 1981.
17. Paice B, Gray JM, McBride D, et al. Hyperkalaemia in patients in hospital. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1983; 286:1189.
18. Charytan D, Goldfarb DS. Indications for hospitalization of patients with hyperkalemia. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160:1605.
19. Boddy K, King PC, Hume R, Weyers E. The relation of total body potassium to height, weight, and age in normal adults. J Clin Pathol 1972; 25:512.
20. Wang WH, Giebisch G. Regulation of potassium (K) handling in the renal collecting duct. Pflugers Arch 2009; 458:157.
21. Giebisch GH, Wang WH. Potassium transport--an update. J Nephrol 2010; 23 Suppl 16:S97.
22. Youn JH, McDonough AA. Recent advances in understanding integrative control of potassium homeostasis. Annu Rev Physiol 2009; 71:381.
23. Clausen T, Everts ME. Regulation of the Na,K-pump in skeletal muscle. Kidney Int 1989; 35:1.
24. Don BR, Sebastian A, Cheitlin M, et al. Pseudohyperkalemia caused by fist clenching during phlebotomy. N Engl J Med 1990; 322:1290.
25. Wiederkehr MR, Moe OW. Factitious hyperkalemia. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 36:1049.
26. Chumbley LC. Pseudohyperkalemia in acute myelocytic leukemia. JAMA 1970; 211:1007.
27. Chawla NR, Shapiro J, Sham RL. Pneumatic tube "pseudo tumor lysis syndrome" in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Hematol 2009; 84:613.
28. Kellerman PS, Thornbery JM. Pseudohyperkalemia due to pneumatic tube transport in a leukemic patient. Am J Kidney Dis 2005; 46:746.
29. Adrogué HJ, Madias NE. Changes in plasma potassium concentration during acute acid-base disturbances. Am J Med 1981; 71:456.
30. Aronson PS, Giebisch G. Effects of pH on potassium: new explanations for old observations. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22:1981.
31. DeFronzo RA, Sherwin RS, Dillingham M, et al. Influence of basal insulin and glucagon secretion on potassium and sodium metabolism. Studies with somatostatin in normal dogs and in normal and diabetic human beings. J Clin Invest 1978; 61:472.
32. Agarwal R, Afzalpurkar R, Fordtran JS. Pathophysiology of potassium absorption and secretion by the human intestine. Gastroenterology 1994; 107:548.
33. Rugolotto S, Gruber M, Solano PD, et al. Necrotizing enterocolitis in a 850 gram infant receiving sorbitol-free sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate): clinical and histopathologic findings. J Perinatol 2007; 27:247.