Immune System, Part 3: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #47

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THE FINAL SHOWDOWN! This is the last episode on the immune system and also the very last episode of Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology. In it, Hank explains how the cellular immune response uses helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells to attack body cells compromised by pathogens. He also explores how cytokines activate B and T cells, and what happens if your immune system goes rogue and starts causing autoimmune trouble.
Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ
***
Chapters:
Introduction: Cells Fight Cells 00:00
Professional Antigen Presenting Cells 1:46
Helper T Cells 4:00
Cytotoxic T Cells 5:23
Immunodeficiencies 6:08
Autoimmune Disorders 7:27
Review 8:26
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at / crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark, Eric Kitchen, Jessica Wode, Jeffrey Thompson, Steve Marshall, Moritz Schmidt, Robert Kunz, Tim Curwick, Jason A Saslow, SR Foxley, Elliot Beter, Jacob Ash, Christian, Jan Schmid, Jirat, Christy Huddleston, Daniel Baulig, Chris Peters, Anna-Ester Volozh, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks
--
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Опубликовано:

6 авг 2024

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Комментарии : 1,2 тыс.

@crashcourse 4 года назад

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App! Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ

@donnimiller8011 4 года назад

@Stackondat 7 лет назад

I can honestly say with great confidence that without this video, not once in my entire life would I have thought of my own immuno cells as characters in mad max, speeding across a desert wasteland, slamming an electric guitar with sick riffs while hunting antigens. So thanks for adding that to my existence.

@d33fcon 7 лет назад

If schools were like this, I guarantee we would have better educated people around.

@ecogreen123 6 лет назад

my teacher show us all 4 of these

@James_Galaxy_Animations 5 лет назад

I agree

@braedenlam5040 5 лет назад

Yup

@PaulaEdwina 5 лет назад

Yes. I teach science in college (adjunct) and I want to be this guy. He inspires the heck out of me.

@justinabulencia5557 5 лет назад

Yeah

@StayPrimal 8 лет назад

Hank, you are the most amazing person on earth. Thx you so much for your efforts and knowledge

@jessicaloweke1740 8 лет назад

There is a whole team behind writing and presenting these videos

@StayPrimal 8 лет назад

Sure, yes of course.

@isaac1998 8 лет назад

Knaw-lidge.

@Flowtail 6 лет назад

Couldn't you... I dunno, edit your comment to thank the rest of the team, too?

@chloroplast8611 6 лет назад

And mostly animaton

@martiedurana5015 7 лет назад

Everthing changed when the pathogens attacked

@Sakata43Play 7 лет назад

ahahahaha

@vampyricon7026 7 лет назад

@sour4704 7 лет назад

the war has been going on since the birth of our universe

@ecogreen123 6 лет назад

XD lol

@Abominatrix650 6 лет назад

No. Just since life first evolved its first immune system

@92tpeter 8 лет назад

So an autoimmune disease is like a civil war inside your body.

@Edgewalker001 8 лет назад

+92tpeter Yes! There are also some diseases that are not strictly autoimmune, but wouldn't be that bad for you if it weren't for your immune system. Take Hepatitis B for example, there's a reason why children that were infected when they were infants become effectively immune to the disease, and that's the fact that the virus infected cells are seen as normal tissue cells by the developing immune system, since they were presenting their various virus bits from the start. The infection itself doesn't cause serious enough harm to be noticeable, it's the immune response that basically turns your liver into Omaha beach.

@syamfarhan3334 8 лет назад

+92tpeter they are traitors!

@StacySpicyweiner 5 лет назад

I would not be half the nursing student I am if it weren't for ALL of these videos. Thank you so much Hank!

@jaybee630 8 лет назад

i felt sad when the cell wanted a mercy death. =(.

@theseanaify 4 года назад

I was emotionally charged as well

@suchitrasridhar5313 4 года назад

They sacrifice so much for us :'(

@meganb.2249 4 года назад

@@theseanaify Was that a proton joke? lol

@seansmith4289 8 лет назад

I am a PhD student working with cancer immunotherapies and I must say that I loved the last three videos! Definitely laughed out loud multiple times. You brought to life a lot of images that usually only live in my head. Great job Crash Course team.

@jaimearredondo787 8 лет назад

Likewise! I'm doing an MD, PhD and the animation was beautiful and good explanation beats Immunobiology any day!

@jaimearredondo787 8 лет назад

Right now actually we are working with STAT5DeltaB and other proteins and we are developing an antiangiogenesis drug to combine with BCNU (not systemically delivered but rather topically). Cancer biology is really interesting! Good job, blessings & keep it up! I hope he can make a video all about cancer. It'll be awesome!

@shaiofthehighlands5792 5 лет назад

I am a junior high school teacher whose main teaching principle is to teach Science in the simplest but fun ways possible. So thankful CrashCourse is here. I always watch their videos and give it a bit of a personal touch before having the everyday battle in classroom teaching. It made such a huge difference. Not only was I able to understand my own field a bit better but students appreciate what they are learning everyday. I am more than grateful to all the people behind this channel. You are one of a kind! Hands down!

@insainsin 8 лет назад

hahahhahah. Avatar the Last Airbender reference.

@thebrightstartt9294 6 лет назад

In my P.E. class I was like "Omg all the Pokémon and Avatar references..." I felt like a nerd and I loved it.

@ecogreen123 6 лет назад

omg lol last episode on both the immune system and the show XD

@gulcan3312 6 лет назад

empCarnivore n

@mathilda____7928 5 лет назад

too cute!!

@sonja4164 5 лет назад

Ikr?! 😂😂😂😂😂

@mandya3105 8 лет назад

I LOVE THESE ANIMATIONS SO FUCKING MUCH UGH

@lawrencecalablaster568 6 лет назад

Mandy A The sad little infected cells really hit me…

@BBBuilds12 8 лет назад

The guitar animation was hilarious!

@UrluckUR 8 лет назад

+BBBuilds12 worth watching just for that

@youneskasdi 7 лет назад

WITNES ME

@erick_fernandez_78910 7 лет назад

LoL

@getitorforgetit9231 6 лет назад

BenCubed. Seriously what was that im still confued....hi im frm india

@TraderTravels 6 лет назад

WITNESS ME!!! I seriously spit out my soda

@libaninho. 7 лет назад

Avatar T-Cell. Master of all the elements will save us from the invading pathogen nation. 0:49

@urishima 8 лет назад

So I have lots of little avatars floating around in me? SWEET! I mean, doesn't really make sense, since that would mean splitting up Rava into little parts, but fuck it, I want little avatars in me... Hang on, that came out wrong.

@Taelovesflowers 8 лет назад

omg you made my day 😂👌👍

@Zaouik 8 лет назад

+urishima kek

@justyouraverageviewer1429 7 лет назад

kek

@makavelithadon1224 6 лет назад

Lmfao

@johnlemon1595 6 лет назад

Big credit to everyone working on this course. From writing, animation, directing to acting (and all of the other aspects i missed) absolutely awesome job. This course got me interested in going to med school, which i never thought would happen (althouh im still not going to med school :)) Love you guys, keep it up

@brittanyeriksen8204 7 лет назад

Oh my God, T-cells are in Avatar state!! love it!

@lucianalove9492 6 лет назад

I almost cried finishing this course... It's been so good! Hank you're amazing! And thank you to everyone who brought this video together! I'm gonna rewatch a couple times, totally worth it.

@taiya001 7 лет назад

Omg T cell Mad Max! I want a shirt of that!

@annika7442 4 года назад

Ya'll need a crash course microbiology! I'm wrapping up my micro class now (finals week...terrified) and these 3 immune system videos have helped so much! I've been taught so many small details in micro, but honestly haven't been able to see the big picture; the class sucks. So many students have trouble when it comes to this class and we don't have tutors for it because it's an upper level science class (in my college anyway). Help us! It would be a bit late for me, but at least I'd learn something after the fact!

@mildapprehension 6 лет назад

I'm studying for the MCAT and I've never taken an immunology class, and this was so helpful to put everything into context! THANK YOU!

@jessicawanyan9785 5 лет назад

I'm very amused with the Avatar T-cell Aang animation, 10/10 XD

@CptJohn117 8 лет назад

Crash Course Neuroscience.

@TheNeilDarby 8 лет назад

+Rorschach That would be fantastic.

@lalaworldize 8 лет назад

+Rorschach Great Idea...

@Fosvis 8 лет назад

Wicked idea 100%

@Barnardrab 7 лет назад

Great idea! I want to see this.

@douglasw1545 7 лет назад

YES, DO IT

@carposporophyte 8 лет назад

Please do every educational topic you can think of. This is so addicting, I haven't been this excited to learn in a loooooong time.

@myshro2875 8 лет назад

Dude, your immune system series was amazing. Keep up the good work!

@QueenOfTheZombieApocalypse 5 лет назад

You guys are so awesome. I'm in graduate biomedical engineering and I can't emphasize enough how invaluable your clear and concise videos have been to me (not to mention how fun they are to watch!). You rock, keep it up! DFTBA

@nathanpen1031 8 лет назад

Keep it coming! I sent your Lymph video to a friend with lymph cancer and he really appreciated it.

@grapesoda3414 9 месяцев назад

These videos are a perfect example of how learning things does not have to be boring. It's all in the way they are presented. I remember going over stuff like this in HS/college and it was all just facts. You make it all come to life ❤️

@TheDeekins 8 лет назад

Just wanna say thank you to Hank and the CC team. I'd been recommended CC many times by friends (since they know I love documentary, Discovery Channel, Nova-style programming) but could never really get into it for some reason. Hank's lessons on Anatomy and Phil's on Astronomy officially converted me, and I've now got a huge CC backlog to go through. Thanks for all you do CC team, I just wish I had this (and RU-vid) when I was a kid!

@JohnStrentheballer 7 лет назад

I'm working as a research associate at my home institution investigating the possible regulatory functions in the humoral immune system; very interesting stuff. Thanks for the quick refresher; it's good to have quick brush ups when reading paper after paper on all of these cells. Besides; who can forget the faces on those effector T cells and macrophages?!

@thunderb00m 8 лет назад

Great job all round , especially the animation :) The avatar cell made me go watch the whole series again

@kaiahaakonson3652 4 года назад

This man. This man right here. Has just explained to me a concept i've been struggling to understand for four months in 10 minutes.

@RainAngel111 8 лет назад

ironic that you modeled the cytotoxic cell after Aang from Avatar, considering he was a serious pacifist and never killed anyone.

@thomaswillard6267 8 лет назад

Except for all those Fire Nation Soldiers that he buried defending the Air Temple the Mechanist was in.

@thegardenofesim1174 8 лет назад

Ikr

@TheRepublicOfUngeria 8 лет назад

+Thomas Willard That was Sokka who blew up the mountain. And that was some pretty shallow snow.

@thomaswillard6267 8 лет назад

+TheRepublicOfUngeria I remember aang scooter in across a ridge causing a lot of snow to fall

@TheRepublicOfUngeria 8 лет назад

That probably just knocked the soldiers down under a little snow. He didn't make that much snow fall, not like a whole side of a mountain like what is required for most dangerous avalanches. Just a small ledge.

@maryamali1880 4 года назад

these crash courses are the only things getting me through online school in quarantine

@kyledeleon1179 6 лет назад

Everyone in my household is sick so I'm watching this and imagining my immune system fighting the virus

@Masria94 6 лет назад

Thank you so much! That was amazing! I love how the Cytotoxic T-cell is represented as a T-cell in the avatar state.

@omeralabdullatheef3883 4 года назад

I love the ATLA reference

@StookDog 6 лет назад

You're such a boss. As a grad student who has studied this many times I can say I still learn a lot from your video(s). They're really helpful to visualize and remember the subjects. You rock!

@2IaskedAI22 14 дней назад

8 years later, this whole AnaPhy course still helps. Thanks, CrashCourse for helping us students get through our education.

@TheAshmah 5 лет назад

This series has helped me so much to get my head around and absorb the concepts. The animations give me a good mental image in exams and the way Hank explains everything in his quirky wonderful way keeps me watching. Thank you Crash Course team for providing a quirky and not so dry way to help study

@jessicamarshall805 5 лет назад

This channel is amazing! I literally laugh out loud at some of the references, and remember the information so much more. Thank you for all of these videos!

@aperson22222 8 лет назад

Thanks for a good year, Hank. I've learned many interesting and useful pieces of info from this course.

@sagimutas7085 4 года назад

I think this kind of content deserves much more attention and recognition , other than helping with tests , its truly sparks a desire to learn more because it is so well written and so professional while the animation are dead on perfect. I cant say it enough how much I am thankful for crash course for inspiring to learn more , maybe I finished this playlist , but on my way for all the rest ! thank you !

@dianawu4971 7 лет назад

HANK! Thank you so much for teaching me everything my own anatomy and physiology could not teach me! I have followed this course through the entire semester and it has helped me so much. Keep up the good work!!

@shiningdiamond9458 5 лет назад

I can't help but to be sad everytime i watch the final episode of a course : (

@nicodasm 4 года назад

Repeat it then, first odds, then evens, then back to front, then without looking

@farges76 8 лет назад

We need an immune system based MMO.

@gabriel300010 5 лет назад

everybody would go for macrophage because its fun, we would lack the B cell support, and the game would probably flop. but I would play anyway. I does sound like a lot of fun.

@gabriel300010 4 года назад

@@TT-sp5st you are our greatest unsung hero. may you live forever.

@masterrblx3475 4 года назад

We could fix the problem of people only choosing 1 class easily, by making your class randomized.

@katrinapaty2235 8 лет назад

Thank God this was posted so recently! Just covering this in class and as per usual you shone a new light on the subject! Thank you Crash Course!

@yepisuredolikecats3979 5 лет назад

i wish everything i learned in school had visuals like this. i understand them SO much better.

@Alex-uf3lh 5 лет назад

Thank you so much Hank, Crash Course and Thought Cafe for helping me get through my high school studies!

@K_i_t_t_y84 8 лет назад

Maybe the fact that I have a serious cold with a really high fever right now is making me batty, but when you were talking about the Warrior with the "necklace made of knuckle bones" it reminded me of my favorite conversation with Steven Randall in Fallout New Vegas's New Vegas Bounties quest mod about how he wasn't collecting the heads of the bounties but the fingers instead to provide a quick proof of death. "I'm not making some sorta....CRAZY FINGER NECKLACE or somethin'." I always thought the writing on that mod was amazing and it really brought me some great nostalgia feels.

@Edgewalker001 8 лет назад

+Megan Rivera The Someguy series in general is awesome. He also made that one companion that I still can't use because it requires an expansion pack that I don't have and don't want to buy just because of that, and yes, that is still pissing me off... =p Why can't mod creators make their own damn bulletproof vests? XD

@Edgewalker001 8 лет назад

Megan Rivera Russel, B.M doesn't require any expansions afaik.

@yacairadlcruz 5 лет назад

I watched many many videos but none were as clear as this one. Thank you sooo much!!!

@bhagad 4 года назад

The immune system episodes are some of your best work. It's a complicated system that you made so much more understandable. Definitely one of my favorites.

@chinmayjoshi3592 5 лет назад

"We are in the endgame now" - T-cells

@annavmae 5 лет назад

This really helps me understand the greater concepts. I understand the terminology and what things are but this helps me understand how they interact. Thank youuuuuuuuuu

@PinkChucky15 8 лет назад

Nooo! I always look forward to these videos on Mondays. Thank you for making this series, I really enjoyed it.

@za6997 6 лет назад

You are seriously one of the most brilliant and humorous people I have came across online! Thank you

@hennie1610 5 лет назад

Just finished the marathon of all the videos that has been going on for the last two days before my exam. Thank you so much, truly!

@tiza6918 6 лет назад

I got here wanting to better understand the functions of Cells at Work. Thanks!

@sahasavadmangkhaseum5455 6 лет назад

Me too

@paulandrews6611 4 года назад

The graphics and animation was awesome in this one!! Loved it...

@samantha27550 8 лет назад

I am so grateful to be able to watch Crashcourse!! Thank you for helping me through the most difficult class I have ever taken! I can't believe that I have watched all of these videos on a weekly basis!

@maxwellrux5523 7 лет назад

omg i laughed so hard at the mad max part and idk why. probably because my name is max. anyways im cramming for a bio final. wish me luck!!

@gabedellar588 5 лет назад

How did you do?

@dilshadaslam225 4 года назад

@@gabedellar588 The legend says that Max rux is still doing the finals

@ladolancea.garcia5569 5 лет назад

The Immune system is my favorite system, THANK YOU FOR EXPLAINING IT FOR ME 😄😄😄

@ako969 8 лет назад

Thank you for making this 3-part series. I feel like I learnt a lot. But in actually there is so much that I don't know yet. Thanks for making it so entertaining and easier to understand!

@hkwhsu 8 лет назад

Fabulous job on a complex subject! It was great that you took on the complexity despite the short format.

@Groaker 8 лет назад

Another great course under your belts! Well done and thank you.

@gingerbreadcookies1761 8 лет назад

I SAW AVATAR AND CLICKED 895% FASTER THAN NORMAL XD

@michaelrogers7460 2 месяца назад

Just wanted to say thank you for this course. I wanted to get a better understanding of basic human anatomy which I now have. Great stuff

@geneyestarling1962 8 лет назад

Absolutely brilliant! Thank you!

@TaiChiKnees 8 лет назад

Thank you so much for this series. I actually feel a little sad I won't be seeing those adorable cells going about their physiologic business any more. On the positive side, I look forward to your future courses! Thank you again and Happy New Year.

@Kingwut117 8 лет назад

THAT AVATAR CELL :D

@katrinamata1644 6 лет назад

i love his entire course. usually so confused them after watching his videos, everything just clicks in my brain :D

@ohifive 7 лет назад

Thankyou so much. I read the textbook and watched other videos...and still found myself having gaps in understanding. This is really helpful. Thankyou for these videos.

@mariafeliciano2038 6 лет назад

I am a brazilian scientist and i have MS for 20 years... your vídeo are amazing... you speak fast but i could get it

@jamesakwasitempleton213 4 года назад

The T cell is in the Avatar State 😂😂😂😂😂0:46

@jeremykm 6 лет назад

Thank you, you helped me and many others in my class. We all love you

@pallavipathak6053 6 лет назад

I love crash course!! Thanks a ton for making these videos which helps us in understanding the most sophisticated topics in such a simple manner. Thank you Hank for all the help you provide for our biology exams. Loads of love Crash course 😄

@sleverlight 8 лет назад

2:59 that cell is so cute I need a plush of than xD

@jdbm 7 лет назад

HA! The avatar state for these T-Cells. :P

@diyateresa6399 6 лет назад

Im in love with the cytoxine cell animation!!! Thanks a ton crashcourse

@stevenhoward9222 7 лет назад

Thank you for all the hard work you do. These short videos were a life saver in my prep work to pass the HESI test.

@mikeyallen6758 8 лет назад

please do physics next. or at least particle physics

@kogyi9220 8 лет назад

They are, in March.

@kogyi9220 8 лет назад

They are, in March.

@MrMineHeads. 8 лет назад

+Ko Gyi how do you know?

@crashcourse 8 лет назад

+Mikey Allen Sure thing! See you in the comments in 2016, then. :) -Nicole

@MrMineHeads. 8 лет назад

+CrashCourse when exactly are you doing physics?

@kelseeframpton5126 5 лет назад

Such an amazing team! Thank you for your series, you will be missed dearly.

@michaelchoiniere7512 8 лет назад

Perfect timing! I have an exam on this stuff tomorrow, thanks Hank!! This whole series was fantastic, I hope to see more of you in the future. :)

@noahwhetstone3525 8 лет назад

Thank you Crash Course! You have helped me immensely in my Biology and Chemistry classes and I find your videos entertaining, knowledgeable, and educational. Please keep doing what you are doing. Thank you

@MicroBlogganism 8 лет назад

Thanks for a great course! :D

@daedra40 8 лет назад

Crashcourse : Awesome

@I8MAX8I 6 лет назад

Those 3 immune system videos were awesome and super helpful, just adding art and colors helps me memorize stuff easily. Thank you CrashCourse

@mel_vxn 6 лет назад

Omg the cytotoxic T cell is Aang!!! I'm studying veterinary medicine and I have a huge immunology exam tomorrow. This little refresher is gonna help me immensely! Thank you so much!

@Humster 8 лет назад

WITNESS ME!

@haydenchrislim8914 5 лет назад

Ok, sure

@Shane-The-Pain 5 лет назад

Mediocre! ;)

@poidachi6003 5 лет назад

Everything changed when the Helper T cell vanished and the Bacterium Nation attacked

@Bluejai27 6 лет назад

I love this! I'm in nursing school and I'm still coming back here for quick reviews on human anatomy and physiology! Thank you so much!!!

@fionahoare197 6 лет назад

Crash Course is the most amazing way to consolidate learning, so entertaining and makes so much sense out of complex systems. The immune system series is by far the most 'humorous' haha! I appreciate your brain power in all of these, thanks.

@daveda1c 8 лет назад

love the avatar cells lol great job!!

@sowgingchen2139 7 лет назад

All hope was lost.... AND THE CYTOTOXIC T CELLS ARRIVED

@cris555000 8 лет назад

Thanks for sharing this with us! very informative!

@reemamer6946 4 года назад

that was a wonderful journey with our bodies .. thanks a million for you .. keep doing your great job!

@jeranichols2002 8 лет назад

Thanks for a great year crash course!

@crashcourse 8 лет назад

+Jera Nichols You're welcome! Thanks for sticking with us! -Nicole

@msharyhomrany7826 6 лет назад

god bless you crashcourse, god bless you all the way to heaven

@edwardmaximus5439 6 лет назад

Thank you so much for sharing your knowledge and everyone who made this channel

@marissawilson4644 6 лет назад

I love you guys so much much!!!! It's like I had the information crammed into the suitcase amd you guys took it out and organized everything. Everything makes more sense now. You guys are awesome!!!!